IE 419 1
IE 419 Work Design:
Productivity and Safety
Dr. Andris Freivalds
Class #13
IE 419 2
Other Special Cases
2) Principle of limiting motion – For two different motions for each hand– Use the longer time
3) Principle of combined motion– For two combined motion in one hand– Use longer time
4) R is included in C-type motions
IE 419 3
Examples
IE 419 4
Sources of Error
• Discreteness – tabular data– No interpolation– Hopefully, this averages out
• Synthesis assumes correct process
• Need correct application - practice
IE 419 5
Comparison of MTM and Time Study
IE 419 6
Summary of MTM-2 Data
IE 419 7
Ex #1: U-bolt (Cable clamp) assembly
IE 419 8
IE 419 9
IE 419 10
IE 419 11
Ex #2: Flashlight assembly
IE 419 12
Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST, pp. 508-513)
• Developed by Zandin in 1967
• At SAAB-Scania in Sweden
• Published in 1980 through H.B. Maynard
• Basically simplified MTM (same TMU)
• Faster than MTM-1 and MTM-2
• Has many diverse tool applications
• Has computer program!!
IE 419 13
MOST – Comparison with MTM
Factor MTM-1 MTM-2 MOST
Time to analyze 250x 100x 10x
Speed wrt MTM-1 1 2.5 25
Speed wrt MTM-2 - 1 10
Min. cycle time for 5% accuracy (min)
0.36 1.0 2.0
IE 419 14
Versions of MOST• Maxi MOST
– For rare operations (<150/week)– For long cycles (minutes to hours)– Very quick, but less accurate
• Basic MOST– Between 150 and 1,500 operations/week– Typical cycle times: 0.5 – 3 minutes
• Mini MOST– More than 1,500 operations/week– Cycle times < 0.5 min– Most detailed and time consuming
IE 419 15
Basics of Basic MOST - 1Only three activity sequences:
1) General Move• Movement of object freely through space• ½ of all work sequences
2) Controlled Move• Movement of object attached to another or
in contact with a surface• ⅓ of all work sequences
3) Tool/Equipment Use• 1/6 of all work sequences
IE 419 16
General Move - Basics• Has 4 subactivities:
1) A = Action distance (horizontal)2) B = Body motion (vertical)3) G = Gain control (i.e. GET cases A, B, C)4) P = Placement (i.e. PUT cases A, B, C)
• Grouped into 3 phases:1) Get – reach and gain control of object2) Put – move object to new location3) Return – distance walked back to
workstation, not for hands
IE 419 17
General Move – Typical Steps
1) Reach some distance with hands for object, perhaps with body motion or steps
2) Gain manual control of object
3) Move object some distance, perhaps with body motion or steps
4) Place the object at specified location
5) Return to workplace (if needed)
IE 419 18
General Move
Get Put Return
A B G A B P A
A = Action distance B = Body motionG = Gain control P = Placement
• Obtain Index Values based on characteristics
• Sum Index Values, multiply by 10 → TMUs
IE 419 19
MOST - General Move
IE 419 20
Ex #1 - General Move
Get Put Return
A6 B6 G1 A1 B0 P3 A0
A6 = Walk 3 steps to object B6 = Bend and ariseG1 = Gain control of light objectA1 = Move object a distance within reachB0 = No body motionP3 = Place and adjust objectA0 = No return
Walk 3 steps to pick up a bolt from the floor, arise, place bolt in a bolt hole.
∑IV = 6+6+1+1+3 = 17
17x10 = 170 TMUs
IE 419 21
General Move - Parameter IndexingAction Distance (A)
• A0 ≤ 2 in
• A1 within reach
• A3 1 - 2 steps
• A6 3 - 4 steps
• A10 5 - 7 steps
• A16 8 -10 steps
• Extended values
IE 419 22
General Move - Parameter IndexingBody Motion (B)
• B0 no body motion
• B3 sit/stand no adj.
• B3 bend/arise – 50%
• B6 bend and arise
• B10 sit/stand with adj.
• B16 variety– Bend and sit– Stand and bend– Climb on or off
IE 419 23
General Move - Parameter IndexingBody Motion (B) con’t
• B16 passing through door (steps before and after are included in value)
• A16 B16 G1 A1 B6 P1 A0 = 410 TMU
IE 419 24
General Move - Parameter IndexingGain Control (G)
• G0 no gain control, hold
• G1 light object (simo)
• G3 variety– Light objects (non simo)– Heavy or bulky– Blind or obstructed– Disengage (force)– Interlocked– Collect several
IE 419 25
General Move - Parameter IndexingPlacement (P)
• P0 no placement, toss
• P1 lay aside, loose fit
• P3 loose fit blind– Place with adjustment– Double placement– Place with light pressure
• P6 heavy pressure– With care or precision– Blind or obstructed– Intermediate moves
IE 419 26
General Move - Parameter Indexing
• Return – last A for time for operator to walk back to normal workstation
• Return – not meant for returning hands
• Placement with insertion – two lines• Repeat cycles - handful of washers on 6 bolts
A1 B0 G3 (A1 B0 P1) A0 (6)
(1+3) + 6(1+1) + 0 x 10 = 160 TMU