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ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY BAUCHI

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

P.M.B 0248 BAUCHI, BAUCHI SATE

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME

STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES II) REPORT

AT

MOTHERCAT LIMITED AZARE, BAUCHI STATE

A TECHNICAL REPORT

SUBMITTED TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME,

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF B.TECH IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING

BY

MOHAMMED ABDULLAHI

05/17208/2

FROM JUNE TO NOVEMBER 2011.

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CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the technical report has been read, cross-checked and

recommended by the Industry-based supervisor at the end of the successfully

completed six-month Industrial Attachment as meeting the requirement for the

award of B.Tech in Civil Engineering at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University

Bauchi, Bauchi state.

Two copies of this report have been submitted to the employed

MOTHERCAT LTD AZARE and the Department of Civil Engineering, one copy each,

for the assessment and recommendations respectively.

___________________________

Industry-based SupervisorsSignature and Date

Mother Cat Limited Azare

___________________________

CEP Coordinators

Signature and Date

(ATBU BAUCHI, BAUCHI STATE)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise is due to Allah (S.W.T) the omnipotent who made one a pride to

my parents. May his countless peace and blessings be upon his prophet

Mohammed (PBUH).

First and foremost, I would like to express my warmness gratitude to my

loving and caring mother, who has always been there for me from cradle to the

grave.

This report would undoubtedly be incomplete without the mention of my

ever benevolent and encouraging uncle, Alh. Adamu M. Bulkachuwa who

tirelessly secured a place of IT for me and has been at the same time, hospitable

and generous to me during my stay in his house throughout the period of my

Industrial Attachment.

I am equally indebted to my able Industrial Supervisor, Engr. H. S. Abubakar

who unquantifiable taught me the rudiments of civil engineering by bridging the

gap between practicals and theory both on site and in his office.

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DEDICATION

I dedicate this report to my virtuous and beloved father Alh. Abdul-kadir

Muhammad.

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ABSTRACT

This report has been successfully written under the through supervision of the

industry-based supervisor at the place of my six-month industry training

MOTHER CAT LTD AZARE and is on overview of the various activities (projects)

that are being executed by the organization, some of which include the

construction and DUALIZATION OF KANO TO MADUGURI ROAD PHASE III AZARE

TO POTISKUM

This report is also a reflection of the introduction of the organization and the

description of different projects being carried out by the organization.

As the execution and/or worse of the aforementioned project commended prior

to the commencement of my Industrial Attachment, only the works I participated

in are concisely explained and elucidated in this report on the basis of the

experience acquired during the period of any training in question.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page - - - - - - - - - - i

Certification - - - - - - - - - ii

Acknowledgement - -- - - - - - - - iii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - v

Table of content - - - - - - - - - vi

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction - - - - - - - - - 1

CHAPTER TWO

Mother Cat Limited and the cat group - - - - - -

Mother Cat Limited organizational chart - - - - -

CHAPTER THREE

Nature of Industrial Training Undergone - - - - -

CHAPTER FOUR

Industrial experience - - - - - - - -

The role and function of ITF - - - - - - -

Objectives of SIWES - - - - - - - -

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Setting out in road survey - - - - - - -

Road alignment and offsetting - - - - - - -

Leveling - - - - - - - - - -

Sub-base - - - - - - - - - -

Cutting and filling of sub-base - - - - - - -

Compaction of sub-base - - - - - - - -

Mixing of sub-base - - - - - - - -

Stone base - - - - - - - - - -

Compaction of stone base - - - - - - -

Application of MC1 on stone base - - - - - -

Wearing course (Asphaltic course) - - - - - -

Over lay of asphalt - - - - - - - - -

Compaction of asphalt - - - - - - - -

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion - - - - - - - - - -

Difficulties encountered - - - - - - - -

Recommendations - - - - - - - -

Reference - - - - - - - - - -

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

These days, the world is in absolute technology era as the need for technological

advancement has increasingly become a primary concern to every nation the

world over, particularly the developing countries. In essence, the quest for better

living conditions and/or standards exerts stresses upon many countries thereby

compressing them to be constantly saddled with responsibilities for harnessing

their available potentials towards mitigating such technological impediments as

energy crises, insufficient portable water supply coupled with incessant

infrastructural bottlenecks amongst others.

However, the consequence of having on acting economy in many parts of

the globe, as is the case with this country, Nigeria, is as a result of poor

technology, which in turn, is a function of industrial training. Thus, the need for IT

(in the construction industry).

The students Industrial Working Experience Scheme (SIWES) exposes

students of tertiary institutions of learning to the much needed experience of

handling and utilizing equipment, machinery, tools and instruments by applying

the theoretical concepts of the working principles of these machinery e.t.c. they

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are taught in their lecture rooms. IT also enables the students to contribute their

own quote to the industrial and/or technological innovations by their country.

Hence, Industrial Training (IT) can be seen as a driving force for nation building.

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MOTHERCAT LIMITED ORGANIZATION CHART

Directors

Managing Directors

General Project Coordinator

Zonal Coordinator

Project Manager

Project Engineer

Site agents

Works Manager Section heads

Foreman

Skill workers Unskill workers Semi-unskill workers Casual workers I T Students

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CHAPTER THREE

NATURE OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING UNDERGONE

The Industrial Training Undergone at MOTHERCAT LIMITED AZARE includes the

following:

- Construction and Dualization of KANO TO MAIDUGURI ROAD PHASE IIIAZARE TO POTISKUM.

-

REHABILITATION and Asphalt over lay of SHIRA YANA AZARE

- CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGE CULVERTSThe description and/or the nature of the above outlined projects (works)

are detailed in the next chapter.

It should also be noted that only the works I took part in are explained in

this report as I started my IT not at the preliminary phase of the projects question.

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CHAPTER FOUR

INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE

In academic pursuits as wells as in countries like Nigeria to ameliorate their

economy through effectual technology optimization, the need for students

working experience scheme (SIWES) is of paramount importance.

Thus, to achieve this viable task, it is crucial to evaluate, ascertain and

comment the overall students performance through a training book called

logbook. This book contains the records of the various activities in which the

students partake during the period of their Industrial Attachment. The book also

entails the assessments and recommendations of the industrial supervisor. At the

end of the six month training the students submit their logbooks to the Industrial

Training Fund (ITF) for further comments and assessments. Finally, the book is

submitted to department for evaluation and grading.

THE ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF ITF

Generally, ITF serves as a cooperative linked between the industries and

educational institutions. It is also their role to promote and encourage the

acquisition of skills in different industries across the country.

Below are some of the functions of ITF:

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To provide facilities for training of persons employed in the industry To approve such course and facilities To consistently and regularly with areas of industries and commerce that

require special manpower develop actions and to recommend the kind of

training needed so as to attain standards specifications.

To conduct research in various fields of academics in relation with industrialtraining.

Funding of the industrial training is also and other function taken care of bythe ITF through the Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry e.t.c.

OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

Students Working Experience Scheme (SIWES) aims at making education

more relevant by bridging the gap between theory and practice in engineering,

technology and science-related discipline in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria.

The following are some of the basic objectives of SIWES:

To provide an avenue for the students to acquire necessary skills andexperience in their course s of study

To provide the students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge ofreal work and actual practice

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To make the transition from school to the world of technology (globalvillage) and enhance students contacts for later job placement e.t.c.

SETTING OUT IN ROAD SURVEY

Curve setting out: The curve setting out was carried out using the theodelite,

ranging pole and measuring tape. The theodelite was set at a project point of

curvature (PC) in order to project it to its original point o the road to obtain the

original point of curvature the distance of the point is measured by tape and the

theodelite is sighted to get the original alignment point of curvature.

After setting the PC and the point of tangency (PT) which is projected to a

known point is also determined and project it to the original point at the road.

The setting out continues using the point to set out the curve at any point

on the road.

ROAD ALIGNMENT AND OFF SETTING

1- At the curve the road alignment was carried out by starting from the pointof curvature. The theodelite will set at that point and also a person holding

a ranging pole at the point of tangency (PT) to ensure correct alignment

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and the first sub-chord was measure from PC to start aligning the pegs and

it would close at the point of tangency (PT).

2- At the straight the road alignment would start from point of tangency (PT)and the first measure offset is measured and the theodelite would show

the correct alignment in order to align the pegs and it would close at the

point of curvature if there is any but there is no PC it continue to the end.

OFFSETTING

The offsetting of the road was carried from the beginning by measuring the actual

width of the road plus the two shoulders in the case of single carriage whereas in

dual carriage it is only the width of the road plus the shoulder at the extreme end

for each lane of the carriage.

In the case of the single carriage in our project the width the road is about

7.3m and that of the shoulder is about 1.5m for each should while is the case of

the dual carriage the width of each lane is 7.0m and that of the shoulder is 1.5m

each.

By offsetting the pegs to the opposite side of the road it mean the width of

road plus shoulder has to be considered in order.

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LEVELING

The leveling in road construction is done by leveling instrument known as LEVEL.

The leveling aimed at determining the height difference between points. This was

carried by sighting a staff held at a point with reference to benchmark in order to

determine the reduce level of each point.

a. Leveling for sub-base: The leveling for sub-base was carried out by startingfrom benchmark after setting the level at a point at middle or some meters

from the pegs. The first reading of the staff is obtained as back sight and

the other readings obtain are called intermediate sight while the last

reading on the staff is called Fore sight. By sighting the staff at each change

the reduced level of each change and the paint is used to mark the point

where the thickness of sub-base is. The maximum thickness of sub-base in

our project is 10cm in thickness. Therefore reduce level would show that if

the thickness is OK or there may be need for cutting or filling as the case

may be.

b. Leveling for stone base and asphalt over lay: The leveling for laying of sub-base was carried using the leveling instrument. By starting from the

benchmark as back sight and then close at another benchmark as fore

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sight. The pegs used at each change were iron pegs for easy driving in or

out the peg to obtain the reduce level of each point. At the point of leveling

the fore stone-base (base course) is determined together with that of the

wearing course. The thickness of stone in our own project at least 15cm

while that of the Asphaltic course (binding and wearing course) is about

10cm. the binder course is sometimes 6cm in thickness while that of the

wearing course is 4cm.

SUB BASE COURSE

In high way engineering, sub-base is the layer of aggregate material laid on

the sub-grade, on which the base course layer (stone base) is located and it is

necessary for surfaces used by vehicles.

Sub-base in often the main load-bearing layer of the pavement. Its role is

spread the load evenly over the sub-grade. Although the quality of sub-base

material can be lower than that of the base material materials with high

plastically or high percentage of fines should not be used for sub-base.

The thickness of sub-base in our project is mostly about 10cm.

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a. Cutting and Filling of Sub-baseThe design or required thickness of sub-base constructed was 10cm in the case

where thickness is more than 10cm then the grader would be use by its blade to

cut the sub-base layer to obtain the required 10cm thickness of the sub-base after

which it is checked by using rubber rope plase at each change and stretch it to be

opposite side of the offset and measure the thickness by measuring tape to see if

it is 10cm.

The sub-base is filled using latterite soil to attain required 10cm thickness.

b. Compaction of Sub-baseThe compaction is carried out by smooth drum rollers to attain the required

maximum density and the finally compacted sub-base layer is about 10cm.

c. Mixing of Sub-base layersThe mixing of sub-base was carried out by the grades using its refers at the back

to scratch the laterite. The purpose of the mixing is to adequately or evenly

ensure uniform moisture content in the sub-base laterite. The grader would use

its blade to mix the soil and also water tankers would apply water and then the

grader would speed the laterite after which the smooth drum roller will compact

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the sub-base and finalize (shine) the surface that would be ready for layer the

base course (stone base).

The following picture shows the grader and roller working on sub-base course.

STONE BASE (BASE COURSE)

The base course also known as stone is often constructed on the finished

sub-base course. The stone base consisted of granular aggregates and stone dust

and water mixed in a correct proportion. The finisher machine was used to layer

the stone base course fed to it by the tippers tramping the stone base mix from

quarry. Thickness laid by the machine is initially about 19cm after which it is

compacted to a final thickness of about 15cm.

COMPACTION OF SUB

BASE

The compaction of sub-base is done using the smooth drum roller either

single or double drum and then finally the pneumatic tired roller by using the

action of kneading to adequately compact the layer. The finally compacted layer

of stone base thickness layer is 15cm.

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APPLICATION OF MC1 ON STONE BASE

The MC1 grade of cut-back asphalt was applied on the laid stone-base and spread

with sharp sand on top of it to create the binding action for the tore base.

The picture below show the construction of stone-base.

WEARING COURSE (ASPHALTIC COURSE)

The asphaltic course also known as wearing course or surface course is a

layer of asphaltic mix or asphaltic concrete consisting of aggregates and

bituminous binder. The asphalt was heated with aggregate in the Asphalt marine

plant. The readily prepared hot mixture of the asphalt and aggregate (Asphaltic

cement) was transported from marine plant to the site.

OVER LAY OF ASPHALT

The asphalt was laid by a finisher on the base course layer and the laid

thickness is about 7cm to 6cm.

COMPACTION OF ASPHALT

The wearing course is constructed at which a smooth drum roller is used to

compact it by vibratory action of the roller and then followed by pneumatic tired

rollers.

The picture below shows the construction of asphaltic course and its

compaction.

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CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION

The SIWES program is an important component of training in all the state and

federal universities, particularly the technology based ones. It has a number of

advantages for preparing students for the real life situation after graduations and

also enables the students to produce well-thought-out undergraduate research

projects.

The students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) exposes students

to the much needed experience of utilizing and handling machinery, equipment

and enables them to reconcile theoretical works with industrial practice.

My six-month industrial attachment at the MOTHERCAT LTD AZARE has

exposed me to the much needed working experience and/or practical skills

acquisition in road rehabilitation and construction of road.

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED

1) Lack of supervision from the university and2) Lack of sufficient allowance

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RECOMMENDATIONS

To enhance the functionality of the Industrial Training, the following strategies

become necessary:

1) The students should be punctual at respective places of attachments,comply with the organization rules and regulations and keep proper

records of training regulations and keep proper records assignments in the

training logbooks.

2) The employers should accept students for the training in question andassign them to appropriate training disciplines; similarly an experienced

staff should be attached to students for effective training and supervision.

3) Students monthly allowance should be paid, the students should also beprovided with sufficient medical care facilities during the period of their

training.

4) The student ought to be supervised at least three times to ensure properand efficient training is received.

5) The trainee students should record the activities of each working dayclearly with sketches and diagrams where necessary.

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6) Students should be using all equipment and materials in their places ofattachments, and not be restricted so as to ameliorate a thorough

comprehension and experience gaining of their scheme.

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REFERENCES

1. RAINA, K.B., Civil Engineering Materials, Company Ltd, New Delhi, India,Twelve Reprints, 2005.

2. Orchard, Text books of concrete technology, vol. I, Applied SciencePublishers Ltd., London, 1979.

3. Engr. Shinwari, M, Grand Solution Manual 10th November, 2010.http://www.aboutcivil.com

http://www.aboutcivil.com/http://www.aboutcivil.com/http://www.aboutcivil.com/