• Much of the new national pride (love to be an American) in the United States sprang from the country’s success in the War of 1812.– Americans celebrated

independence day with great zest: parades, picnics, and joyous parties marked the event

• The War of 1812 stirred a new sense of Nationalism – or national pride and loyalty

• James Monroe – Republican Party – wins election of 1816 – defeated Senator Rufus King of New York (Federalist)

• Last president who fought in the Revolutionary War

• The Federalist Party had angered many Americans by opposing the War of 1812. The Federalist Party collapsed began a period of political harmony in the United States Known as the “Era of Good Feelings.”

• RELATIONS WITH GREAT BRITAIN– In the Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817,

each nation pledged to limit its naval presence on the Great Lakes to a few armed ships.

– CONVENTION OF 1818:• James Monroe settled the dispute over

fishing rights in the waters between Canada and the United States by allowing both countries to fish in the disputed waters

• Northern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase would be at the 49th parallel west to the Rocky Mountains.

• Agreement on the Oregon Country, a disputed area of the Pacific Northwest. Both countries would occupy it for 10 years and set a boundary later

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/United_States_1818-10-1818-12.png

• RELATIONS WITH SPAIN (227-229)– Settling border disputes with

U.S. neighbors to the south proved more difficult

• As early as Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, U.S. officials had tried to purchase Spanish-owned West Florida

• In 1810 a group of American settlers in the area sparked a revolt by occupying a Spanish fort in Baton Rouge, LA. These Settlers tore down the Spanish flag and replaced it with one representing the “Republic of West Florida”

• RELATIONS WITH SPAIN (227-229)– President Madison sensed

that the residents of West Florida supported the revolt. He declared that the area should have been included in the Louisiana Purchase. It therefore rightfully belonged to the United States

– Madison sent U.S. troops into the area to enforce this claim

– By the end of the War of 1812 the United States controlled most of West Florida

• RELATIONS WITH SPAIN (227-229)– The First Seminole War:

• Spain was too busy with its own problems to resist the U.S. takeover of West Florida.

• One by one Spain’s colonies in Central and South America – what is now Latin America – had declared their independence. To stop these revolts, Spain reassigned many of its soldiers from Florida to Latin America

• President Monroe saw this reduction of Spanish forces as a chance for the United States to gain control over the rest of Florida

• RELATIONS WITH SPAIN (227-229)– The First Seminole War:

• Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, began secret negotiations with Spanish diplomat Luis de Onis for the United States to buy the land

• Violence in East Florida soon threatened these negotiations.

• Georgia residents complained that the Seminole were crossing the border to raid U.S. towns. The Seminole also harbored many runaway slaves from the South

• RELATIONS WITH SPAIN (227-229)– The First Seminole War:

• In December 1817 President Monroe gave General Andrew Jackson command of a force to stop the Indian raids. The conflict that followed became known as the First Seminole War. Jackson’s troops not only crossed over into East Florida but also began seizing Spanish forts in the area. Jackson even executed two British officials who he claimed were aiding the Seminole.

• Many European leaders expressed outrage over Jackson’s attack. Most Americans supported Jackson and the invasion

• President Monroe said that Jackson had acted on his own, without presidential authority

• RELATIONS WITH SPAIN (227-229)– Spain Decides to Deal (228-229)

• Secretary of State John Quincy Adams continued to negotiate with Luis de Onis. Noting that the attack had been sparked by concerns over the Seminole, Adams issued a forceful ultimatum.

• Spain must either guarantee that it could control the Seminole or lese it must cede East Florida to the United States

• Needing their military forces in Europe and South America, Spanish officials decided they had no choice. They gave up Florida

• Adams – Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain transferred East Florida to the United States

• THE MONROE DOCTRINE: (229-230)– By the early 1820s most of

Spain’s Latin American colonies had launched revolutions. United States citizens tended to support these rebellions, many of which were inspired by the American Revolution

• THE MONROE DOCTRINE: (229-230)– REVOLUTIONS (229):

• Simon Bolivar of Venezuela: one of the greatest Lain American revolutionaries. He helped win independence for his own country in 1821

• His nickname is the “Liberator” His dream was that someday all the countries of South America would form one large confederated country, similar to the United States

• Some Americans even likened Simon Bolivar to George Washington

• In October 1823 Monroe sent a letter to Thomas Jefferson. President Monroe wrote, “We would view an interference (in Latin America) on the part of the European powers as an attack on ourselves.”

• Adding to the unease was a dispute with Russia over the Pacific Northwest –

• In July of 1823, Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, warned the Russian foreign minister that the United States would not tolerate any new colonies on the American continents

• THE MONROE DOCTRINE: (229-230)– A WARNING (229-230)– President, James Monroe,

reaffirmed this view in his annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823 in what is now called the MONROE DOCTRINE.

– In the Monroe Doctrine, the president vowed that the United States would not interfere with any existing European colonies in Latin America. However, the Untied States would consider any European attempt to regain former colonies or establish new ones in the Western Hemisphere “dangerous to our peace and safety.”

• THE MONROE DOCTRINE: (229-230)– A WARNING (229-230)

• Reaction to the Monroe Doctrine was mixed throughout the country

• United States are now playing the role of the “guarantor of liberties” in Latin America – which will not be challenged for a while