Muktijuddher Potovumi (1947-1966) by NH Ahmed Shamim

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Avgv‡ì RvZxq BwZnv‡mi †kÖôZg Aa¨vq n‡jv

GKvË‡ii gyw³hy×| GB gyw³hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q Rb¥jvf K‡i

¯vaxb mve©‡f․g evsjv‡`k| 1947 mv‡ji 18 RyjvB BwÛqvb

BwÛ‡c‡ÛÝ A¨v‡± fviZe‡l©i ywU cÖavb gymwjg Aay¨wlZ

AÂj wb‡q cvwK Ívb bv‡gi ivóª MV‡bi cÖ Íve Kiv nq|

fviZ I cvwK Ív‡bi g‡a¨ mxgv‡iLv wPwýZ Ki‡Z m¨vi

mvBwij i¨vWwK¬‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ mxgvbv Kwgkb MwVZ n‡qwQj, hv

i¨vWwK¬d Kwgkb bv‡gI cwiwPZ| 12 AvM÷ cÖKvwkZ

i¨vWwK¬d †iv‡q`v‡` c~e© e½ I cwðg e‡½i g‡a¨ mxgvbv

AvbyôvwbKfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq| 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷

cvwK Ívb Ges 15 AvM÷ fviZ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj | c~e©

evsjv nq cvwK Ív‡bi Ask-c~e© cvwK Ívb| RbMY Avkv

1) m~Pbv t

wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi, wjwLZ Ges fvBfvmn †h †Kvb wb‡qvM cixÿvi Rb¨

gyw³hy‡×i cUf‚wg-1(1947-1966)

Gb. GBP. Avn‡g` kvwgg- KZ…©K cÖ ‘ZK…Z

m~PxcÎ:

1) m~Pbv.............................................................................................................02

2) fvlv Av‡›`vjb + 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U mvaviY wbe©vPb..............................................02

3) 1958 mv‡ji mvgwiK kvmb................................................................................04

4) AvBqye Lv‡bi ÿgZv `Lj..................................................................................05

5) c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZ •elg¨mg~n............................................................................05

6) QvÎ Av‡›`vjb.................................................................................................07

7) 6 `dv

K) 6 `dv iPbvi wfwË.....................................................................................07

L) cÖKv‡k¨ 6 `dv..........................................................................................08

M) 6 `dvi mgv‡jvPbv.....................................................................................10

N) 6 `dv `vex‡Z Kg©myPx I PzovšÍ cwiYwZ t..........................................................11

O) 6 `dvi Gw`K †mw`K + AvIqvgx jxM wØav-wef³ + miKv‡ii †ivlvb‡j B‡ËdvK +

6 `dvi ¸iæZ¡...........................................................................................12

www.facebook.com/groups/bcsfinaldestination

NH Ahmed Shamim AbygwZ e¨ZxZ †KD Copy/ Edit Ki‡eb bv

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K‡iwQ‡jb, Gevi Zvu‡ì Avkv-AvKv•ÿv c~iY n‡e| Zvu‡ì cÖZ¨vwkZ ¯vaxbZv bZzb iv‡óª cÖwZwôZ n‡e| Zviv DbœZ Rxe‡bi

AwaKvix n‡eb| wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi RbMY Abyfe Ki‡jb, Zv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv c~Y© nIqvi bq| cvwK Ív‡bi

kvmKeM© eûevPwbK mgv‡R c~e© cwiKwíZ HKë× GKK ms¯‥…wZ cÖwZôvi lohš¿ K‡i‡Q| ivR‣bwZK †ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi

RbM‡Yi AskMÖn‡Yi †ÿÎ msKzwPZ Kiv n‡”Q| A_©‣bwZK †ÿ‡Î Zvuiv eÂbvi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb| Ggb wK c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi

m¤ú‡` cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi eë ’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e c~e© cvwK Ív‡b ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi cUf‚wg ‣Zwi

nq| cvwK Ív‡bi kvmKeM©-wKQz ivR‣bwZK †bZv Ges wKQz mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v-loh‡š¿i MÖwš’¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e web¨¯Í K‡ib †hb

kvmb ÿgZv †Kvbµ‡g evOvwji n¯ÍMZ bv nq| c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi RbMY Zv mwVKfv‡e Abyaveb K‡ib|

2) fvlv Av‡›`vjb t

we ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z www.facebook.com/groups/bcsfinaldestination Gi dvBj †mKk‡bi Ins & Outs

of the Language Movement.pdf dvBjwU WvIb‡jvW Kiæb|

3) 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U mvaviY wbe©vPb t

cvwK Ív‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q A_©‣bwZK •elg¨, miKvwi PvKzwi‡Z evOvwj‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hv‡Mi ¯íZv Ges

cvwK Ív‡bi kvmK‡Mvôx KZ©…K evOvwj‡ì ivR‣bwZK I mvgvwRKfv‡e Ae`gb c~e© evsjvq ivR‣bwZK Am‡šÍvl ZxeªZi K‡i|

mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©, wm×všÍMÖnY cÖwµqvq evOvwj‡ì AskMÖnY cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y c~e© evsjvq AvÂwjKZvev‡ì ivRbxwZi

D™¢e N‡U| d‡j c~e© evsjvi ivR‣bwZK kw³ cwðg cvwK Ívb wfwËK †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii weiæ‡× GKwU msNe× ivR‣bwZK

cøvUdg© MVb K‡i cÖv‡`wkK ¯vqËkvmb Av‡›`vjb msMwVZ K‡i|

1951 mv‡j c~e© evsjvi AvBbmfvi †h mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nIqvi K_v wQj Zv 1954 mv‡ji Av‡M n‡Z cv‡i

wb| wewfbœ ARynv‡Z K‡qKevi mvaviY wbe©vPb ’wMZKiY ÿgZvmxb gymwjg jx‡Mi ÿgZv‡jvfx AwfmwÜ I mvsMVwbK

ye©jZvi cÖgvY †`q| g~jZ gymwjg jx‡Mi mvgwMÖK e¨_©Zv Ges Ab¨vb¨ HwZnvwmK, ivR‣bwZK I A_©‣bwZK Kvi‡Y c~e©

evsjvi ivRbxwZ‡Z hy³d«‡›Ui Avwef©ve N‡U| 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi Aax‡b me©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z c~e©

cvwK Ív‡b 1954 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m G wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| 1953 mv‡ji 14 b‡f¤i gqgbwms‡n AbywôZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi

HwZnvwmK KvDwÝj m‡¤§j‡b hy³d«›U MV‡bi wm×všÍ PzovšÍ nq| G wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnY K‡i ÿgZvmxb gymwjg jxM Ges

cvuPwU `‡ji mgš‡q MwVZ hy³d«›U| hy³d«‡›Ui cÖavb kwiK `j¸‡jv wQj gvIjvbv Ave yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi †bZ…Z¡vaxb

AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM, G †K dRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…Z¡vaxb K…lK kÖwgK cvwU©, gIjvbv AvZvnvi Avjxi †bZ…Z¡vaxb †bRv‡g

Bmjvg, nvRx †gvnv¤§` `v‡b‡ki †bZ…Z¡vaxb MYZš¿x `j Ges wLjvd‡Z ieŸvbx cvwU©| GKwU Kvh©Ki ivR‣bwZK cøvUdg©

wn‡m‡e c~e© evsjvi wewfbœ ivR‣bwZK †Mvôx‡K GKwÎZ Ki‡Z hy³d«‡›Ui f~wgKv wQj Ab¯^xKvh©|

G †K dRjyj nK

hy³d«›U wbe©vPbx cÖPviYvq 21-`dvi GKwU g¨vwb‡d‡÷v cÖPvi K‡i| G `dv¸wji g‡a¨ wQj: evsjv‡K cvwK Ív‡bi

Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv Kiv, Rwg`vwi cÖ_v we‡jvc, cvU eëmv RvZxqKiY, mgevq c×wZ‡Z Pvlevm, jeY wk‡íi m¤úªmviY,

DØv¯‘‡ì cybe©vmb, eb¨v cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ’vqx eë ’v, K…wli AvaywbKvqb, wkÿveë ’vi ms¯‥vi, mKj KvjvKvbyb iwnZKiY,

mgwšZ †eZb KvVv‡gv cÖeZ©b, yb©xwZ `gb, MYgva¨‡gi ¯vaxbZv, wbe©vnx wefvM †_‡K wePvi wefv‡Mi c„_KxKiY, gyL¨gš¿xi

gvIjvbv Ave yj

nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx

nvRx †gvnv¤§`

`v‡bk

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evmfeb ea©gvb nvDm‡K evsjv fvlv Dbœq‡bi †K‡› ª iƒcvšÍi, fvlv knx`‡ì ¯§i‡Y ¯§„wZ Í¤¢ wbg©vY, 21‡k †deªæqvwi‡K kwn`

wèm I miKvwi QzwUi w`b †NvlYv, c~Y© cÖv‡`wkK ¯vqËkvmb cÖwZôv Ges wbqwgZ Aeva wbe©vPb| Gme `vwe Dc ’vcb K‡ib

G †K dRjyj nK, †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv ©x, gvIjvbv fvmvbx I †kL gywReyi ingvb| hy³d«‡›Ui †bZvMY evgcš’x

`j¸wji Kg©x‡ì mnvqZvq cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j wM‡qI wbe©vP‡bi cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z mÿg nb| hy³d«›U †hme welq Rbmg‡ÿ Zz‡j

a‡i †m¸wj wQj 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi evsjv fvlvi Rb¨ QvÎ‡ì AvZ¥vûwZ Ges jeY, Pvj I Ab¨vb¨ wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq

ªe¨vwì µgea©gvb g~j¨| we‡ivax ivR‣bwZK `j¸wji eû †bZvKg©xi aicvK‡o RbmvaviY gymwjg jxM miKv‡ii

weiæ×fvevcbœ n‡q I‡V|

1954 mv‡ji gv‡P©i 8 †_‡K 12 ZvwiL ch©šÍ AbywôZ c~e© evsjvi cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì 237wU gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨

hy³d«›U 223wU Avmb AR©b K‡i| Zb¥‡a¨ 143wU †c‡qwQj gIjvbv fvmvbxi †bZ…Z¡vaxb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM, 48wU

†c‡qwQj †k‡i evsjv G †K dRjyj n‡Ki K…lK kÖwgK cvwU©, †bRvgx Bmjvg cvwU© 22wU, MYZš¿x `j 13wU Ges †LjvdZ-B-

iveŸvbx bvgK `jwU 1wU Avmb jvf K‡iwQj| ÿgZvmxb ivR‣bwZK `j gymwjg jxM m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c G wbe©vP‡b civf~Z nq; Zviv

†Kej 9wU Avmb jvf K‡i| gymwjg jxM gwš¿mfvi gyL¨gš¿x b~iæj Avgxbmn cÖfvekvjx 5 m`‡mï mK‡jB wbe©vP‡b civwRZ

nb| 304wU Avm‡b 1285 Rb cÖv_©x cÖwZØw›`¦Zv K‡ib| 228wU gymwjg Avm‡bi Rb¨ 986 Rb cÖv_©x, 30wU mvaviY Avm‡bi

Rb¨ 101 Rb cÖv_©x Ges 36wU Zdwmjx Avm‡bi Rb¨ 151 Rb cÖv_©x cÖwZØw›`¦Zv K‡ib| Agymwjg Avm‡bi cÖavb cÖwZØ› ¦x wQj

cvwK Ívb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖm, BDbvB‡UW cÖ‡MÖwmf cvwU© Ges Zdwmjx †dWv‡ikb| D‡jøL¨, gymwjg bvix‡ì Rb¨ msiwÿZ 9wU Avm‡b 37

Rb cÖv_©x cÖwZØw› ¦Zv K‡ib| GB 9wU Avm‡bi me¸‡jv‡Z hy³d«‡›Ui cÖv_©xiv weRqx nb| gymwjg Avmb ¸‡jv‡Z †fvU cÖ`v‡bi nvi

wQj 37.6%| ZrKvjxb mg‡qi AvšÍR©vwZK gvcKvwV‡Z †fvU cÖ`v‡bi GB nvi Kg n‡jI †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi AbMÖmiZv Ges

gwnjv †fvUvi‡ì iÿYkxj g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡Y GB nvi MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj| †K․kjMZ Kvi‡Y KwgDwb÷iv wb‡R‡ì `‡ji e¨vbv‡i

cÖPviYv bv Pvwj‡q hy³d«‡›Ui cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e cÖwZØw›`¦Zv K‡ib| wbe©vP‡b KwgDwb÷iv 15wU Avm‡b weRqx nq|

1954 mv‡ji 25 gvP© c~e© evsjvi Mfb©i †P․ayix Lv‡jKz¾vgvb miKvi MV‡bi Rb¨ hy³d«›U †bZv G †K dRjyj

nK‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| wZwb 3 GwcÖj miKvi MVb K‡ib, wKš‘ AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM‡K G‡Z kwiK K‡ib wb| GB wbe©vPb

c~e© evsjvi ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ_vMZ GwjU‡ì AvwacZ¨ Aemv‡bi m~Pbv K‡i| c~e© evsjvq ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv f~¯vgx‡ì nvZ

†_‡K AvBbwe`, mvsevw`K, wkÿK, eëmvqx Z_v wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K AvMZ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e b~Zb cÖR‡b¥i †ckvRxex

GwjU‡ì nv‡Z P‡j hvq| wbe©vwPZ m`m¨‡ì GKwU eo Ask wQj bevMZ, Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ZiæY Ges Zv‡ì miKvi I

ivRbxwZ m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv c~e© AwfÁZv wQj bv| †mKvi‡Y hy³d«‡›Ui weRq AwZ kxNªB Amvi cÖgvwYZ nq| AvIqvgx gymwjg



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jxM‡K Qvov miKvi MV‡bi d‡j d«‡›U GKwU m¼U m„wó nq Ges cÖavbgš¿x Aveyj Kv‡kg dRjyj nK eva¨ n‡q 15 †g Zvui

gwš¿mfv m¤úªmvwiZ K‡i AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, †kL gywReyi ingvb, Ave ym mvjvg Lvb

Ges nvwkgywÏb‡K Gi AšÍf©y³ K‡ib| H w`bB bvivqYM‡Äi Av`gRx cvUKj I KY©dzjx KvM‡Ri K‡j evOvwj I AevOvwj

kÖwgK‡ì g‡a¨ GK i³ÿqx msN‡l© cÖvq 1500 kÖwgK wbnZ nq| Gi Rb¨ KwgDwb÷ Kgx©‡ì `vqx Kiv nq Ges Zv‡ì

weiæ‡× †Kvb eë¯’v bv †bIqvq dRjyj nK miKvi‡K `vqx Kiv nq| 1954 mv‡ji 30 †g cvwK¯Ív‡bi MfY©i †Rbv‡ij †Mvjvg

†gvnv¤§` hy³d«›U gš¿x cwil` evwZj K‡i w`‡q kvmbZ‡š¿i 92 (K) aviv Rvixi gva¨‡g cÖ‡`‡k Mfb©‡ii kvmb cÖeZ©b K‡ib|

d«‡›Ui 1600 †bZv-Kg©x‡K AvUK K‡i †R‡j cvVv‡bv nq| Gi g‡a¨ cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì bewbe©vwPZ 30 Rb m`mÏ wQ‡jb|

4) 1958 mv‡ji mvgwiK kvmb

AvIqvgx jxM Aek¨ 1956 mv‡ji 30 AvM÷ ÿgZvq Av‡m| ZLb gyL¨gš¿x

nb AvZvDi ingvb Lvb| wKš‘ K‡qK gv‡mi g‡a¨B Zvu‡ì c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq| 1959

mv‡j mgMÖ cvwK Ív‡b mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi mgq wba©vwiZ n‡j evOvwj‡ì g‡a¨ wecyj

mvov †`Lv †`q| RbmsL¨vi 56 fvM evOvwj, AZGe GB wbe©vP‡bi djvdj wPšÍv K‡i

†K›`ªxq miKvi wbe©vPb evbPv‡ji loh‡š¿ wjß nq| GKB mg‡q mvgwiK evwnbx ÿgZv

`L‡ji †K․k‡j †K› ªxq miKv‡ii g‡aÏ we‡iva m„wó K‡i| GiB avivevwnKZvq

1958 mv‡ji 7B A‡±vei †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‥v›`vi gxR©v cvwK Ív‡b mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi

K‡ib| Zvi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc:

1956 mv‡ji msweavb evwZj

†K› ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil` †f‡½ †Ìqv AvZvDi ingvb Lvb

ivR‣bwZK `‡ji Kvh©µg wbwl× †NvlYv

†kL gywRemn †ek KÕRb †bZv‡K †R‡j †cÖiY

mKj †g․wjK AwaKvi †K‡o †bIqv|

cÖavb †mbvcwZ †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb‡K cÖavb mvgwiK kvmK wbhy³ Kiv|

5) AvBqye Lv‡bi ÿgZv `Lj

1958 mv‡ji 27-†k A‡±vei †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‥v›`vi gxR©v‡K DrLvZ I †`kZ¨v‡M eva¨

K‡i ÿgZv `L‡ji gva¨‡g wb‡R‡K †cÖwm‡W›U †NvlYv K‡ib| mvgwiK kvmb‡K `xN© ’vqx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ÿgZvq e‡m

Ò†g․wjK MYZš¿Ó bv‡g ¯cÖYxZ GKwU MYZvwš¿K c×wZ Pvjy K‡ib Ges wb‡Ri ÿgZv Av‡iv †cv³ K‡ib| 1963

mv‡j dvwZgv wRbœvni mv‡_ cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡i 61% †fv‡U wR‡Z wZwb cvwK Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nb| Zvi PvjyK…Z

eë ’vq c~e© cvwK Ívb I cwðg cvwK Ívb †_‡K †gvU 80 nvRvi wbe©vwPZ BDwbqb KvDwÝj m`m¨ wb‡q wbe©vPKgÐjx

MVb nZ| Zv‡ì †fv‡UB ivóªcwZ, RvZxq cwil` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nIqvi weavb ivLv nq| GwU

wQj c‡ivÿ wbe©vPb c×wZ| 1965 mv‡j 80 nvRvi m`‡mï †fv‡U wZwb †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nb| mvgwiK kvm‡bi

d‡j mKj ÿgZv †K› ªxf‚Z nq cwðg cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡ì nv‡Z| †mKvi‡Y c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZ mKj †ÿ‡Î •elg¨

Pig AvKvi aviY Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zvi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc:

wb‡R‡K cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK †NvlYv|

c~e© †NvwlZ 1959 mv‡ji wbe©vPb ’wMZ Kiv|

yb©xwZ I †PvivPvjvwb ~i Kivi A½xKvi|

ivR‣bwZK `‡ji Dci wb‡lavÁv envj ivLv|

†Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb



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6) c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ •elg¨mg~n

1947 mv‡j cvwK Ívb Rb¥ nIqvi ci cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ mgZv, mvg¨bxwZi Afve wQj| †mKvi‡Y c~e© evsjv me

w`K †_‡KB •el‡gï wkKvi nZ| †hgb:

A_©‣bwZK •elg¨

cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi mv‡_ c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi A_©‣bwZK •elg¨ wQj| †gvU RvZxq ev‡R‡Ui wmsnfvM eivÏ _vKZ cwðg

cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨| cvwK Ív‡bi g~j kvmK †Mvôx wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi| cvwK Ívb iv‡óªi mKj cwiKíbv cÖYxZ n‡Zv †K› ªxq

miKv‡ii mì `dZi cwðg cvwK Ívb †_‡K| †mLv‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kv‡bv cÖwZwbwa bv _vKvq c~e© cvwK Ívb b¨vh¨ AwaKvi

†_‡K ewÂZ n‡Zv, Pig A_©‣bwZK eÂbvi wkKvi n‡Zv| cwðgv kvm‡Kiv c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZ wegvZvm~jf AvPiY Ki‡Z

_v‡K| Rb¥jMœ †_‡K cvwK Ív‡bi wZbwU cÂgevwl©Kx cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq|

cÖ‡`k cÖ_g wØZxq Z…Zxq

cwðg cvwK Ívb 500 †KvwU iæwc 1350 †KvwU iæwc 63%

c~e© cvwK Ívb 113 †KvwU 950 †KvwU iæwc 36%

ivRavbx Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z †ewki fvM e¨q n‡Zv cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨|

cÖ‡`k cÖ_g (1956) wØZxq (1967)

KivwP 570 †KvwU iæwc 300 †KvwU iæwc (Bmjvgvev`)

XvKv 51.54 †KvwU 25 †KvwU iæwc

1947- 1970 mvj ch©šÍ •e‡`wkK mvnvh¨, idZvwb Avq Ges Avg`vwb e¨q

cÖ‡`k •e‡`wkK mvnvh¨ idZvwb Avq Avg`vwb e¨q

cwðg cvwK Ívb 73.4% 45.3% 68.9%

c~e© cvwK Ívb 26.6% 54.7% 31.1%

wkí KviLvbv cÖwZôvi †ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi KvuPvgvj m¯Ív n‡jI wkí KviLvbv †ewki fvM M‡o D‡VwQj cwðg

cvwK Ív‡b| c~e© cvwK Ív‡b wKQz wkí M‡o DV‡jI †m¸wji †ewki fv‡Mi gvwjK wQj cwðg cvwK Ívwb| d‡j wkí †ÿ‡Î c~e©

cvwK Ívb‡K wbf©ikxj _vK‡Z n‡Zv cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Ici| c~e© cvwK Ívb †_‡K ¯Y© ev †Kv‡bv cwigvY UvKv cqmv wb‡q

cwðg cvwK Ív‡b †h‡Z †Kv‡bv evuav wQj bv| wKš‘ cwðg cvwK Ívb †_‡K ¯Y© I UvKv cqmv c~e© cvwK Ív‡b Avbvi Ici

miKv‡ii wewa wb‡la wQj| G Kvi‡Y c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi gvbyl cvwK Ívb m¤ú‡K© nZvk n‡q c‡o Ges gvby‡li g‡b †ÿvf `vbv

euva‡Z ïiæ K‡i|

mvgwiK AmgZv

c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Ici cwðg cvwK Ívwb‡ì •elg¨g~jK kvm‡bi Ab¨Zg †ÿÎ wQj mvgwiK •elg¨| mvgwiK

evwnbx‡Z evOvwj‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj A‡bK Kg| 1956 mv‡j evOjv fvlv ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v cvIqvi AvM ch©šÍ

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cixÿvq evOvwj Qv‡Îi mvdj¨ wQj A‡bK Kg| 1955 mv‡ji GK wn‡m‡e †`Lv hvq, mvgwiK evwnbxi †gvU

2211 Rb Kg©KZ©vi g‡a¨ evOvwj wQj gvÎ 82 Rb| 1962 mv‡j d‡ib mvwf©‡m c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj gvÎ

20.8%| we‡`‡k 69 Rb ivóª ~‡Zi g‡a¨ 60 RbB wQj cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi| cÖ_g †_‡KB mvgwiK evwnbxi kxl©c` cvÄvweiv

`Lj K‡i †i‡LwQj| mvgwiK evwnbx wb‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †h †KvUv c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq Zv‡Z 60% cvÄvwe, 35% cvVvb

Ges gvÎ 5% cvwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Ab¨vb¨ Ask I c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ wQj| evOvwj‡ì `vwei gy‡L msL¨v wKQzUv

evo‡jI Zv wQj bMY¨| mk ¿ evwnbxi wewfbœ As‡k wbhy³ evOvwj Awdmviiv cÖhyw³MZ ev eë ’vcbvi c‡` wQ‡jb| Lye Aí

msL¨K evOvwj Awdmvi Av‡`k`vbKvix c` jv‡fi my‡hvM †c‡Zb| cwðg cvwK Ívwbiv wek¦vm KiZ evOvwjiv ckZzb ev

cvÄvex‡ì gZ mvnmx bq| 1966 mv‡j c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡b †M‡R‡UW Kg©KZ©v wQj 1338 Ges 3708 Rb Ges bb

†M‡R‡UW Kg©KZ©v wQj 26,310 I 82,944 Rb| 1966 mv‡j mvgwiK evwnbxi 17 Rb kxl© ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vi g‡a¨ gvÎ 1

Rb wQj evOvwj| G mgq mvgwiK Awdmvi‡ì g‡a¨ 5% wQj evOvwj| cvwK Ív‡bi †gvU 5 jÿ †mbvm`‡mï g‡a¨ evOvwj



Pag

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wQj gvÎ 20 nvRvi Rb A_©vr 4%| mvgwiK ev‡R‡Ui wmsn fvM e¨q n‡Zv cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨| AvBqye Lv‡bi

kvmbKv‡j †gvU ev‡R‡Ui 60% mvgwiK ev‡RU wQj| hvi †ewki fvM enb Ki‡Zv c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi ivR¯ Avq †_‡K A_P

c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZiÿvi cÖwZ wQj Pig Ae‡njv|

ivR‣bwZK AmgZv

RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q c~e© cvwK Ívb cvwK Ív‡bi e„nËi Ask nIqv m‡Ë¡I †`‡ki ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv cwðg cvwK Ívb

KzwÿMZ K‡i iv‡L| RbmsL¨vi wfwË‡Z ÿgZvi e›Ub c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi AbyK‚j nIqvq cwðg cvwK Ívb ÒGK BDwbU ZË¡Ó

bv‡g GK Awfbe aviYvi m~ÎcvZ K‡i, †hLv‡b mgMÖ cwðg cvwK Ívb GKwU cÖ‡`k wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| Gi GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨

wQj cvwK Ív‡bi c~e© I cwðg As‡ki †fv‡Ui fvimvg¨ Avbv| gRvi e¨vcvi nj evsjv‡`k ¯vaxb nevi ci cvÄve cÖ‡`k

cÖ Íve K‡i cvwK Ív‡b mivmwi RbmsL¨vi e›U‡bi wfwË‡Z †fvU AbywôZ †nvK, KviY cvÄvweiv wQj wmwÜ, ckZzb, evjyP ev

cvwK Ív‡bi Ab¨ †h‡Kvb †Mv‡Îi Zzjbvq msL¨vMwiô| G‡Kev‡i ïiæ †_‡KB cvwK Ív‡b kvm‡bi bv‡g lohš¿ ïiæ nq| Avi

GB loh‡š¿ g~j f~wgKv cvjb K‡i mvgwiK evwnbx| hLbB c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi †Kvb †bZv, †hgb LvRv bvwRgywÏb, †gvnv¤§` Avjx

e¸ov, A_ev †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv ©x cvwK Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wbe©vwPZ n‡Zb, ZLbB cwðg cvwK Ívbxiv †Kvb bv †Kvb

ARynv‡Z Zv‡ì c`Pz¨Z KiZ| bvbviKg Uvjevnvbv K‡i †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb 1958 mv‡j cvwK Ív‡bi kvmb ÿgZv `Lj

K‡i †bb Ges `xN© 11 eQi a‡i cvwK Ív‡b Zvi •¯iZvwš¿K kvmb Pvjy _v‡K| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvmK‡ì GB

A‣bwZK ÿgZv `Lj c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi g‡a¨ ~iZ¡ evwo‡qB P‡j|

wkÿv †ÿ‡Î •elg¨

wkÿv †ÿ‡ÎI evOvwjiv •el‡gï wkKvi n‡qwQj| cwðg cvwK Ívwbiv evOvwj‡ì wbiÿi ivLvi †K․kj Ae¨vnZ

†i‡LwQj Ges cwðg cvwK Ív‡b wkÿv we Ív‡ii e¨vcK cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj| evsjvi cwie‡Z© D y©‡K wkÿvi gva¨g

Kiv ev Aviwe fvlvq evsjv †jLvi loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wkÿv eë ’vq AvNvZ nvb‡Z †P‡qwQj| 1955-1967

mv‡ji g‡a¨ wkÿvLv‡Z †gvU eiv‡Ïi g‡a¨ cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ eivÏ wQj 2084 wgwjqb iæwc Ges c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨

wQj 797 wgwjqb iæwc| cvwK¯Ív‡bi 35wU e„wËi g‡a¨ 30wU e„wË wb‡q wQj cwðg cvwK Ívb gvÎ 5wU eivÏ wQj c~e©

cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨| c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi yB AÂ‡ji fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ wQj m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v| G AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ ag©

Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv w`K w`‡q cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi mv‡_ †Zgb wgj wQj bv| c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Awaevmx wQj †gvU Rb¨msLvi cÖvq

56%| evsjv fvlv I ms¯‥…wZ wQj nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv| Aci w`‡K 44% RbmsL¨vi cwðg cvwK Ív‡b wewfbœ fvlv, RvwZ I

ms¯‥…wZ we`¨gvb wQj| cÖ_‡gB Zviv evsjv fvlv‡K D‡”Q` Kivi †Póv K‡i Ges evsjv fvlv‡K Aviwe e‡Y© †jLvi lohš¿ ïiæ

K‡i| evOvwj ms¯‥…wZ‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q bRiæj-iex› ªbv_ Zv‡ì KweZv, m½xZ, mvwnZ¨ Ges bvU‡K| †mB evOvwj ms¯‥…wZ‡Z

AvNvZ nvbvi Rb¨ iex› ª m½xZ I iPbvewj wbwl× Kivi †Póv K‡i| c‡njv •ekvL cvjb‡K wn› y cÖfve e‡j D‡jøL K‡i

†mLv‡bI euvav `v‡bi †Póv K‡i| GB gnvb yB Kwe‡KI Zviv †Zgb g~j¨vqb K‡iwb|

7) QvÎ Av‡›`vjb

1962 mv‡j Ônvwg yi ingvb wkÿv KwgkbÕ wkÿv‡K GwjU †kÖYxi Dchy³ e‡j wkÿvi e¨q e„w× K‡i †`q|

Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© Abymv‡i wkÿv‡K jvfRbK Kivi Rb¨ A‣eZwbK wkÿv Aev¯Íe †NvlYv Kiv nq| hvi d‡j, wkÿv‡K

†g․wjK AwaKvi K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb `vbv evua‡Z _v‡K| cvwK Ív‡bi KvVv‡gvq evOvwj RvwZmËvi weKvk NUv Am¤¢e

we‡ePbv K‡i ZrKvjxb QvÎ mgv‡Ri †bZ…¯’vbxq K‡qKRb †Mvc‡b QvÎ‡ì msMwVZ Kivi cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡ib| evOvwj

RvZxqZvev‡` DØy× GB QvÎ msMV‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b Rbve wmivRyj Avjg Lvb, Rbve Ave yi iv¾vK Ges KvRx Av‡id

Avn‡g`| GB msMVb Ô¯vaxb evsjv wecøex cwil`Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| wkÿv ms‡KvPb bxwZi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjbiZ QvÎ

wgwQ‡ji Dci cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z 17B †m‡Þ¤i A‡b‡KB AvnZ nb Ges IqvwRDjøvn, †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv I eveyj wbnZ nb| QvÎ

mgv‡Ri 22 `dv `vwe‡K †K› ª K‡i 1963 mv‡ji 17B †m‡Þ¤i Ôwkÿv wèmÕ cvjb Dcj‡ÿ †`ke¨vcx ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o

I‡V| ivR‣bwZK `jmg~n I eyw×Rxex mgvR QvÎ‡ì GB Av‡›`vj‡b meiKg mg_©b wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡m|



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6 `dv t c~e© evsjvi gyw³ mb`

6 `dv iPbvi wfwË t

1947 mv‡j cvwK Ívb ¯vaxb n‡jI c~e© evsjv ZLbI civaxb wQj| cvwK Ívb m„wói ci †_‡KB cvwK Ívb †K› ªxq

miKvi c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi g‡a¨ •elg¨gyjK AvPi‡Yi myÎcvZ NUvq| cÖ_gZ, fvlvMZ •elg¨| A_©‣bwZK †ÿ‡Î †`Lv

hvq, •e‡`wkK gy`ªvi 70% c~e© cvwK Ívb †_‡K Avq n‡jI Dbœqb eivÏ †`qv n‡Zv gvÎ 30%| cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Dbœqb

Kivi Rb¨ †h •e‡`wkK FY †bqv n‡Zv †mUvI †kva n‡Zv c~e© cvwK Ívb †_‡K Avq Kiv UvKvq| GB AÂj †_‡KI hviv

†K›`ªxq ÿgZvi Askx`vi n‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì †KD wQ‡jb RvwZMZfv‡eB evOvwj we‡Ølx, Avevi †KD wQj b¨vh¨ wnm¨v Av`v‡q

Aÿg ev ewÂZ| Gfv‡e µ‡gB evOvwji eÂbvi cvjøv fvix n‡Z _v‡K| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Ly‡j hvq cwðg cvwK Ívb

we‡ivwaZvi yqvi| e¨vj‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q Pzqvbœ‡Z AvÂwjK ÿgZvi Mw`‡Z em‡jI RbM‡Yi †PvL dvuwK w`‡q cwðgviv †L‡j

hvq Zv‡ì †Mvcb †Ljv| wewfbœ NUbv cwiµgvq cZb N‡U RbM‡Yi iv‡qi, D`q nq mvgwiK RvšÍv AvBqye Lv‡bi|

AvBqy‡ei kvmbKv‡jB cvwK Ív‡bi c~e© I cwðg GB `ywU AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ GKbvMv‡o A_©‣bwZK •elg¨ Ges †mB mv‡_ ivóªxq

wel‡q cvwK Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiôZvi cÖwZ cwic~Y© Ae‡njv Ges GZÀÂ‡ji mvs¯‥…wZK HK¨ I mvgÄm¨ ÿzYœ Kivi evisevi

AccÖqv‡m c~e© cvwK Ívwb‡ì gb Mfxi nZvkvq fvivµvšÍ nq| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ïiæ‡Z cvwK Ív‡bi cÖ_g Lmov cwiKíbvi

NvUwZ wbiæc‡Y W. G mv‡`K I XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi K‡qKRb wkÿK GBme A_©‣bwZK wel‡q M‡elYv K‡ib| †mBme

M‡elYvi djvd‡j DwjøwLZ I wb‡`©wkZ K_v¸‡jvB c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MYcwil` I RvZxq cwil` m`m¨ 1956

mv‡jB MYcwil‡` Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb| c~e© cvwK Ívb A_©bxwZ mwgwZi m‡¤§j‡bI GB welq¸‡jv Dc¯’vwcZ I wek` Av‡jvPbv

n‡qwQj| KvMgvix m‡¤§j‡bI ¯vqËkvmb cÖ‡kœ c~e© cvwK Ívwb AvIqvgx jxM †bZviv Zv‡ì fvl‡YI GKB iKg Z_¨ I

cwimsL¨vb Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ZiæY wkÿK W. †ingvb †mvenvb lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †Mvov †_‡KB wewfbœ Z_¨

I DcvË †`wL‡q wewfbœ †jLvq GBme •el‡gï K_v Zz‡j a‡ib| ZLb †_‡KB c~e©vÂ‡ji cÖwZwU gvby‡li gv‡SB GB nZvkvi

cÖwZwµqv wQj ¯Ztù‚Z©| GB Am‡šÍv‡li welqwUB †kL gywRe eyS‡Z †c‡i miKv‡ii wbKU mywbw ©ófv‡e wKQz cÖ Ívebv

Dc¯’vc‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖqvmx nb| 1961 mv‡j †K› ªxq miKv‡ii wmGmwc Kg©KZ©v iæûj KzÏymI Zvi ev Íejä AwfÁZv †_‡K

c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Dci cwðgv cvÄvex kvmK‡ì †kvl‡Yi cy‡iv Z_¨ I cwimsL¨vbmn GKwU wbeÜ wj‡L †kL gywRe‡K w`‡j

wZwb †mUvi evsjv Abyev` Ô•el‡gï weiæ‡× jovBÕ wk‡ivbv‡g avivevwnKfv‡e B‡Ëdv‡K cÖKvk Kivi eë ’v K‡ib| GiB

avivevwnKZvq †kL gywRe MYcwil` I Rbmfvq GB welq¸wjB wewfbœ mg‡q Zvi e³…Zvq D‡jøL K‡ib|



Pag

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W. †ingvb †mvenvb byiæj Avwgb †gvnb wgqv nvwg`yj nK †P․. Avng` dRjyi ingvb

1965 mv‡ji fviZ-cvwK Ívb hy‡×i c‡i ZvmL›` Pzw³‡K (10 RvbyqvwiÕ66) †K›`ª K‡i cwðg cvwK Ívb Ry‡o

AvBqy‡ei weiæ‡× we‡`ªvnx g‡bvfve ZLb wQj Zz‡½| †mRb¨ AvBqye ZLb mviv‡`‡k mfv mgv‡ek K‡i †eovw”Q‡jb|

cÖwZ‡ewk fvi‡Zi m‡½ fv‡jv m¤ú‡K©i Avkvq c~e© cvwK Ívwbiv ZvmL›` Pzw³‡K ¯vMZB Rvwb‡qwQj| GiB avivevwnKZvq

Rvbyqvwi‡Z AvBqye Lvb evsjv‡`‡k G‡j mKj †bZv‡ì we‡klZ mv‡eK gyL¨gš¿x byiæj Avwgb, BDmyd Avjx †P․ayix (Ô†gvnb

wgqvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ), nvwg yj nK †P․ayix I †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi m‡½ •eV‡Ki eë ’v K‡ib| †kL gywRe Ab¨vb¨

†bZv‡ì‡K AvBqy‡ei Kv‡Q †ck Kivi Rb¨ GKwU Awfbœ `vwebvgv •Zwii Aby‡iva Rvbv‡jI Zviv AvcwË K‡i| wKš‘

B‡Zvg‡a¨ †kL gywRe Zvi Bbvi mv‡K©j [lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ïiæ †_‡KB ivR‣bwZK `‡ji †bZv Kg©x‡ì evB‡iI †kL gywR‡ei

GKwU Bbvi mv‡K©j wQj- m`m¨ wQj ZvRDwÏb Avng`, wmGmwc Kg©KZ©v Avng` dRjyi ingvb Ges K…wl Dbœqb

K‡c ©v‡ik‡bi cwiPvjK (dvBbvÝ) wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ iæûj KzÏym]-Gi mn‡hvwMZvq GKwU `vwebvgv cÖ ‘Z K‡ib Ges Ab¨vb¨

†bZv‡ì‡K AvBqy‡ei wbKU Dc¯’vc‡bi †P÷v Ki‡jI e¨_© nb| hvi d‡j †kL gywR‡ei Amn‡hvwMZvq AvBqy‡ei m‡½

GBme evOvwj †bZv‡ì Av‡cvlgyjK •eVK e¨_© nq| †kL gywR‡ei Bbvi mv‡K©‡ji PzovšÍ we‡kølY Ges Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jvi

mij Abymi‡Y ivR‣bwZKiæ‡c evOvwji cÖv‡Yi `vwe Ô6 `dvÕ cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j wm×v‡šÍ †cu․Qv hvq| cÖ_‡g mvZwU c‡q›U

_vK‡jI c‡i mßg c‡q›UwU ev` †`qv nq| †hLv‡b wQj ÔcÖv‡`wkK Mfb©i‡K wbe©vwPZ n‡Z n‡eÕ| †m mg‡qi BDbvB‡UW

e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi (RbZv e¨vsK) Kg©KZ©v Lvqiæj Kwe‡ii Awdm †_‡K UvBc Kiv‡bv n‡qwQj|

cÖKv‡k¨ 6 `dv t

1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i c‡i ZvmL›` Pzw³‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvBqy‡ei Mw` hLb boe‡o ZLbB cwðg

cvwK Ív‡bi cvÄvex †bZviv cwiw¯’wZ Av‡jvPbv Ges AvBqy‡ei KvQ †_‡K ivR‣bwZK myweav Av`vq I GKwU RvZxq miKvi

MV‡bi `vwe‡Z cÖavbZ cwð‡gi we‡ivax`jxq †bZv‡ì D‡`¨v‡M mKj we‡ivax`‡ji GKwU wbwLj cvwK Ívb RvZxq Kbdv‡iÝ

WvKv nq 1966 Gi †deªæqvwii 5 I 6 Zvwi‡L jv‡nv‡i| cwðgviv Dcjwä Ki‡jb, GB †cÖÿvc‡U c~e© cvwK Ívb‡KI m¤ú„³

Ki‡Z cvi‡j AvBqy‡ei Dci AwaK Pvc †`qv m¤¢e n‡e| cvÄvex‡ì Aby‡iv‡a B‡ËdvK m¤úv`K †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK

wgqvi ga¨¯’Zvq †kL gywRe †mB •eV‡K †hvM w`‡Z m¤§Z nb| G‡ÿ‡Î gvwbK wgqv •eV‡K †hvM †Ìqvi Rb¨ †kL gywRe‡K

ivwR Kiv‡jI †Kvb `vwe †ck Ki‡Z AbyrmvwnZ K‡ib| †h Kvi‡Y 6 `dv †NvlYvi c‡iI A‡bKw`b B‡ËdvK 6 `dv‡K

mg_©b †`qwb| Gw`‡K jv‡nv‡ii •eV‡K †hvM`v‡bi welqwU wbwðZ nIqvi c‡iB †kL gywRe Zvi AbyMZ QvÎjxM‡K †`qv

†Mvcb wb‡ ©k †gvZv‡eK QvÎjxM †K›`ªxq KwgwU GK ewa©Z mfvq GKB ai‡bi `vwe `vIqv m¤wjZ GKwU cÖ Íve cvm K‡i|

QvÎjx‡Mi GB mfvqB ÔcvwK Ív‡bi AvÂwjK •elg¨Õ kxl©K GKwU wbeÜ cvV I Av‡jvPbvq my¯úó n‡q D‡V AvÂwjK

•elg¨¸wj g„ y ì KlvKwl K‡i ~i Kiv hv‡e bv, GRb¨ c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì „p cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| GB wbeÜwU

cy¯ÍKvKv‡iI cÖKvwkZ nq Ges QvÎjxM mfvcwZ gvhnviæj nK evKx I mvaviY m¤úv`K Avãyi iv¾vK gyLe‡Ü wj‡Lb

Ôwewfbœ AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ Jcwb‡ewkK m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z RvZxq HK¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bqÕ| hwÌ †kL gywReyi ingvb AvIqvgx

jx‡Mi kxl© ’vbxq †bZv‡ì wb‡q m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ 4 †deªæqvwi jv‡nvi †c․uQvb, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †Kvb †bZvB

ZL‡bv 6 `dv wel‡q wKQzB Rvb‡Zb bv| ciw`b 5B †deªæqvwi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvwU‡Z HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve L¨vZ

jv‡nvi kn‡iB Av‡m †kL gywR‡ei †mB eûj KvswLZ w`b| Gw`bB †bRvgx Bmjvg `‡ji cÖavb †P․ayix †gvnv¤§` Avjxi

evmfe‡b AvIqvgx jxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvg, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvg I KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM †bZv‡ì wgwUs nq|



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mve‡R± KwgwUi mfvq wZwb m`¨ mgvß hy×Kvjxb mg‡q c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi wbivcËvmn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q Amnvq‡Z¡i wPÎ

Zz‡j a‡i ¯vqËkvm‡bi `vwe m¤wjZ HwZnvwmK Ô6 `dvÕ cÖ Íve †ck K‡ib Ges Zv m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡jvP¨m~wPi AšÍf©y³ Kivi

`vwe Rvbvb| 6 `dvq wea„Z `vwemg~n wbgœiƒc:

1) kvmbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv I iv‡óªi cÖK…wZ [jv‡nvi cÖ Ív‡ei wfwË‡Z msweavb iPbv K‡i cvwK Ívb‡K GKwU †dWv‡ik‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z

n‡e, †hLv‡b hy³ivóªxq eë ’vax‡b msm`xq c×wZi miKvi _vK‡e Ges cÖvßeq¯‥ bvMwiK‡ì †fv‡U wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡e|]

2) †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ÿgZv [†dWv‡ij/ †K› ªxq miKv‡ii nv‡Z ïay ywU welq _vK‡e, cÖwZiÿv I •e‡`wkK m¤úK©| Ab¨vb¨

me welh †dWv‡ik‡b AšÍfz©³ ivR¨mg~‡ni nv‡Z c~Y© ÿgZv _vK‡e|

3) gy ªv I A_© welqK ÿgZv [c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ ywU c„_K A_P mn‡R wewbgq‡hvM¨ gy ªv Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| hw`

Zv m¤¢e bv nq Zvn‡j mgMÖ cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii wbqš¿Yvaxb GKB gy ªveë ’v _vK‡e, GKwU †dWv‡ij

wiRvf© e¨vsK I ywU AvÂwjK wiRvf© e¨vsK _vK‡e| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK Ívb †_‡K cyuwR hv‡Z cwðg cvwK Ív‡b cvPvi

n‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi eë ’v m¤wjZ mywbw`©ó wewa msweav‡b mwbœweó Ki‡Z n‡e|]

4) ivR¯ Ki I ïé welqK ÿgZv [ yB AÂ‡ji •e‡`wkK gy ªv Av‡qi c„_K wnmve _vK‡e Ges AwR©Z •e‡`wkK gy`ªv

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6 `dvi ¸iæZ¡ t

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Z‡e wbtm‡›`‡n †kL gywR‡ei DÌvwcZ cÖ ÍvewU wQj we Í„Z I ev¯Íe KvVv‡gv m¤úbœ| 6 `dv `vexbvgv wQj ev¯ÍweKc‡ÿB c~e©

cvwK Ív‡bi `xN© w`‡bi jvwjZ b¨vh¨ AvPiY cÖvwßi †h․w³K `vex‡K Av_©-ivR‣bwZK ¯vqZ¡kvm‡bi mywbw`©ó `vex‡Z iæcvšÍ‡ii

AbyNUK gvÎ| G Kvi‡YB 6 `dv cvwK Ívwb ivRbxwZ‡Z GK bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i Avi †mB mv‡_ cvwK Ív‡bi ivRbxwZ‡Z c~e©

cvwK Ívb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GK bech©v‡qiI myPbv N‡U| †kL gywRei ingvb 6 `dv `vex Dc¯’vcb K‡i fvl‡Y e‡jb, ÔMZ

yB hyM a‡i c~e© evsjv‡K †hfv‡e †kvlY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi cÖwZKviK‡í Ges c~e© evsjvi †f․‡MvwjK ~i‡Z¡i K_v we‡ePbv K‡i

Avwg 6 `dv cÖ Íve DÌvcb KiwQ|Õ cieZ©x‡Z GB 6 `dv `vwe evOvwj RvwZi Ôgyw³i mb`Õ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|

mnvqK MÖš’mgyn t

1. 6ô †_‡K 9g-10g †kÖwYi †evW© eB 9. c~e© evsjvi mgvR I ivRbxwZ, KvgiæwÏb Avng`

2. ivRbxwZi wZbKvj, wgRvbyi ingvb †P․ayix 10. 150 †gvMjUzjx, evnvDwÏb †P․ayix

3. AvIqvgx jxM 1949-1971, k¨vgjx †Nvl 11. evsjvwcwWqv

4. evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q I GKRb cÖZ¨ÿ`k©xi fvl¨, †ingvb †mvenvb 12. DBwKwcwWqv

5. evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm 1830 †_‡K 1971, W. †gvnv¤§` nvbœvb 13. B›Uvi‡bU

6. evOvwji gyw³ msMÖvg I Avng` dRjyi ingvb, nvwQbv ingvb

7. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm 1947-1971, m¤úv`bvqt G Gd Gg mvjvnDwÏb Avng`, †gvbv‡qg miKvi, W byiæj Bmjvg gÄyi

8. Avgvi †`Lv ivRbxwZi cÂvk eQi, Aveyj gbmyi Avng`

Date post:	14-Jul-2016
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Muktijuddher Potovumi (1947-1966) by NH Ahmed Shamim

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