Multi-Dimensional Modeling With BW

8/11/2019 Multi-Dimensional Modeling With BW

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Multi-Dimensional Modeling

with BWASAP FORBW ACCELERATORBUSINESSINFORMATIONWAREHOUSE

A background to the techniques used to

create SAP BW InfoCubesDocument Version 2.0

SAP (SAP America, Inc. and SAP AG) assumes n res!nsi"i#i$% &r errrs r missins in $'ese ma$eria#s.T'ese ma$eria#s are !rided as is* +i$'u$ a +arran$% & an% ind, ei$'er e-!ress r im!#ied, inc#udin "u$ n$ #imi$ed $, $'e im!#ied+arran$ies & merc'an$a"i#i$%, &i$ness &r a !ar$icu#ar !ur!se, r nn/in&rinemen$.SAP s'a## n$ "e #ia"#e &r damaes & an% ind inc#udin +i$'u$ #imi$a$in direc$, s!ecia#, indirec$, r cnse0uen$ia# damaes $'a$


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MULTI-DIMENSIONALMODELINGWITHBW

Table of ContentsMULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODELING WITH BW....................................................................................1

ASAP FORBW ACCELERATOR....................................................................................................................1

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................... .2

1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1

1.1 SOFTWARE2ERSIONSUPPORTE3...................................................................................................... 11.4 R EFEREN5ES......................................................................................................................................11.6 O2ER2IEW......................................................................................................................................... 1

2 FROM MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODEL TO INFOCUBE FIRST APPROACH....................5

4.1 THEGOA7SOFMU7TI/3IMENSIONA73ATAMO3E7S......................................................................... 84.4 SUB9E5TAREA...................................................................................................................................84.6 THERO7EOFTHEBW BUSINESS5ONTENT......................................................................................84.: BASI5MO3E7INGSTEPS................................................................................................................... ;

2.4.1 Step 1: Develop a complete understanding of the underlying business processes...................74.:.1.1 Rea!in "ene&i$s & BW:.6.:.4 Ta"#es &r E-$erna# Hierarc'ies........................................................................................................ 61:.6.:.6 7adin E-$erna# Hierarc'% 3a$a.....................................................................................................61:.6.:.: E-$erna# Hierarc'ies and In&5u"e Access.......................................................................................61

4..( Dimension #ables of an !nfoCube...........................................................................................2:.6.8.1 3e&inin 3imensin Ta"#es..............................................................................................................64:.6.8.4 5#umns & a 3imensin Ta"#e.........................................................................................................66:.6.8.6 7imi$a$ins.......................................................................................................................................66:.6.8.: 3imensins and Naia$in..............................................................................................................6::.6.8.8 7adin da$a in$ 3imensin Ta"#es.................................................................................................6::.6.8.; S!ecia# BW 3imensins...................................................................................................................6:

:.6.8.;.1 Pace$ 3imensin......................................................................................................................6::.6.8.;.4 Uni$D 5urrenc% 3imensin.........................................................................................................6:

:.6.8.C 3imensins +i$' n#% ne 5'arac$eris$ic (7ine I$em 3imensins)...................................................6:


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:.: FA5TTAB7E.................................................................................................................................... 6;4.4.1 "ultiple )act #ables...............................................................................................................%

4.4.2 )act #able *artitioning...........................................................................................................7

:.8 BW TERMINO7OG......................................................................................................................... 6@

5 MODELING ISSUES AND THE BW SCHEMA..............................................................................39

8.1 GRANU7ARIT.................................................................................................................................:>(.1.1 )act #ables and +ranularity...................................................................................................40

(.1.2 !mpacts on Storage.................................................................................................................41

(.1. !mpacts on *erformance.........................................................................................................41

8.4 7O5ATIONOF3EPEN3ENTATTRIBUTESINTHEBW S5HEMA........................................................:1(.2.1 *erformance and ,ocation of Dependent -ttributes..............................................................42

(.2.2 &nterprise Data arehouse and ,ocation of Dependent -ttributes.......................................42

(.2. Data ,oad and ,ocation of Dependent -ttributes..................................................................4

8.6 TRA5?INGHISTORINTHEBW S5HEMA.......................................................................................:6(..1 'istory and !nfoCube.............................................................................................................4

(..2 Slo/ly Changing Dimensions.................................................................................................448.6.4.1 Scenari I Re!r$ $'e da$a $ $da%s cns$e##a$in / Tda% is es$erda%.........................................:;

8.6.4.1.1 Scenari I 3escri!$in.............................................................................................................:;

8.6.4.1.4 Scenari I S#u$ins +i$' BW.................................................................................................. :C8.6.4.4 Re!r$ $'e da$a $ %es$erda%s cns$e##a$in as +e## /es$erda% is Tda%..........................................:=8.6.4.4.1 Scenari II 3escri!$in............................................................................................................:=8.6.4.4.4 Scenari II S#u$ins +i$' BW.................................................................................................8>

8.6.4.6 Scenari III Re!r$ $'e da$a $ $'e res!ec$ie cns$e##a$in/Tda% r es$erda%/............................848.6.4.6.1 Scenari III 3escri!$in...........................................................................................................848.6.4.6.4 Scenari III S#u$in +i$' BW................................................................................................86

8.6.4.: Scenari I2 Re!r$ n#% n da$a &r cns$e##a$ins a#id $da% and %es$erda% /Tda% and es$erda%/8:

8.6.4.:.1 Scenari I2 3escri!$in...........................................................................................................8:8.6.4.:.4 Scenari I2 S#u$in +i$' BW................................................................................................8:

(.. sage of #ime Scenarios.......................................................................................................(%

8.: MN R E7ATIONSHIPS....................................................................................................................... 8C(.4.1 ": elationships and the )act #able...................................................................................(7

(.4.2 ": elationships /ithin a Dimension..................................................................................(78.:.4.1 3esinin MN Re#a$ins'i!s usin $'e 3imensin Ta"#e................................................................8C8.:.4.4 3esinin MN Re#a$ins'i!s usin a 5m!und A$$ri"u$e.............................................................8@

8.8 FREUENT75HANGINGATTRIBUTES(STATUSATTRIBUTES)........................................................8@8.; INF7ATIONOF3IMENSIONS............................................................................................................. 8=8.C MU7TIP7EPRO5ESSREPORTINGS5ENARIOS...................................................................................8=

(.7.1 "ultiCubes..............................................................................................................................%0

(.7.2 *artitioning -ttributes............................................................................................................%

8.@ ATTRIBUTEORFA5T(?EFIGURE)................................................................................................;:8.= SAME5HARA5TERISTI5SE2ERA7TIMESINTHEMO3E7................................................................;88.1> ARTIFI5IA7?EFIGURES................................................................................................................;8

(.10.1 )actless )act tables................................................................................................................%(

(.10.2 Counting.................................................................................................................................%(

8.11 BIG3IMENSIONS............................................................................................................................. ;88.14 HIERAR5HIESINTHEBW S5HEMA................................................................................................. ;;(.12.1 'ierarchies /ithin a Dimension.............................................................................................%%

(.12.2 'ierarchies /ithin a "aster Data table of a Characteristic..................................................%7

(.12. &$ternal 'ierarchies...............................................................................................................%7


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Int#o$%&t'on

T'is dcumen$ !rides "acrund in&rma$in n $'e $ec'ni0ues used $ crea$e In&5u"es,

$'e mu#$i/dimensina# s$ruc$ures +i$'in SAP BW, and !rides sues$ins $ 'e#! $'ecus$mer in unders$andin +'en $ a!!#% $'e arius $ec'ni0ues aai#a"#e.

(" Soft)a#e *e#s'on S%++o#te$T'is dcumen$ a!!#ies $ BW 2ersin 4.>B r 'i'er.

2" Refe#en&esFr mre de$ai#ed in&rma$in n $'e SAP BW Arc'i$ec$ure !#ease re&er $ #he 3 DShitepaperand $ $'e !a!er'ierachies in 3.

," Oe#'e)BW ersin 4.> +as a mar s$e! in $'e e#u$in & $'e BW arc'i$ec$ure and &unc$ina#i$%.Ms$ im!r$an$ in $erms & arc'i$ec$ure +as $'e in$rduc$in & $'e ne+ BW O!era$ina#3a$a S$re (BW O3S).Note: The new BW ODS introduced with version 2.B is not to !e con"used with the ODS #$%er inversion &.2B. This #$%er h$s !een ren$'ed in (ersion 2.B $s Persistent St$)in) Are$ *PSA+.

T'e BW O3S is a mu#$i/#ee# #a%er in $'e BW da$a +are'use $'a$ &&ers $'e &unc$ina#i$% $s$re $'e resu#$s & da$a c#eansin and da$a $rans&rma$in !rcesses in $rans!aren$ $a"#esca##ed O3S O"ec$s. In s din $'e BW O3S &rms $'e 'is$rica# &unda$in & $'e da$a+are'use.

T ena"#e !rcess in$era$in, mu#$i!#e BW O3S O"ec$s can &eed $'er O3S O"ec$s rIn&5u"es. Business ru#es can "e a!!#ied in $'e in$era$in !rcess. T'e num"er & O3SO"ec$s in $'e in$era$in c'ain is n$ #imi$ed in BW.

T'e BW arc'i$ec$ure ra!'ic (see &i.>1, !.4) i##us$ra$es $'a$ In&5u"es s'u#d "e &unded n$'e in$era$in #a%er &r $ransac$ina# da$a in $'e BW O3S. Fur$'ermre $'e In&5u"es are#ined $ cmmn mas$er re&erence da$a #ca$ed in mas$er da$a $a"#es, $e-$ $a"#es, and(e-$erna#) 'ierarc'% $a"#es. T'us $'e BW in&ras$ruc$ure !rides $'e s$ruc$ure &r "ui#dinIn&5u"es &unded n a cmmn in$era$ed "asis. T'is a!!rac' a##+s &r !ar$ia# s#u$ins"ased n a "#ue!rin$ &r an en$er!rise/+ide da$a +are'use.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" (


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BW Info#.at'on A&&ess A#&0'te&t%#e

LegacyLegacy

ExternalExternalProviderProvider

Master DataMaster Data

EL ools

Meta Data

PSAPSA

B! O"erational Data StoreB! O"erational Data Store

#n$oCu%es#n$oCu%es

SchedulingScheduling MonitoringMonitoring ChangeChangeManagementManagement

ServiceServiceManagementManagement

BW,B%s'ness E1+lo#e#

,Web

,G#a+0'&al Use# Inte#f

SAP-Mo$els,A$an&e$ Plann'n/

,Ente#+#'se Man/e.,CRM

T0'#$ Pa#t3 Tools

4ODBC5 ODBO6

SAPSAPR/3R/3APOAPOCRMCRMBBPBBP

PSAPersistent Staging Area

SourceSystems

B! ODSBW Operational Data Store

#n$oCu%es End&'serData Access

(!"#$% &2'

A sim!#e e-am!#e

Sales rganisation *roduct rganisation #ime 5*!s

Sa#es 3e!ar$men$ Ma$eria# Gru! ear Sa#es Amun$Sa#es Persn Ma$eria# T%!e Mn$' Sa#es uan$i$%

Ma$eria# 3a%

A mu#$i/s$e! mu#$i/dimensina# ana#%sis +i## # #ie $'is1. S'+ me $'e Sa#es Amun$ "% Sa#es 3e!ar$men$ "% Ma$eria# Gru! "% Mn$'4. S'+ me $'e Sa#es Amun$ &r a s!eci&ic Sa#es 3e!ar$men$ < "% Ma$eria# "% Mn$'

Ana#%$ica# !rcessin & $'is $%!e is nrma##% dne usin In&5u"es.

An O3S/O"ec$ ma% sere $ re!r$ n a sin#e recrd (een$) #ee# suc' as

S'+ %es$erda%


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9" Bas'& Mo$el'n/ Ste+s#hese steps should be understood as a general approach. #o /hat e$tent they must becarried out depends on the actual situation and the e$perience of the pro6ect members

involved.

A&$er decidin n $'e su"ec$ area "ein dea#$ +i$', $'e "asic s$e!s $ im!#emen$in a SAPBW "ased s#u$in are (see &i.>6, !.;)

1.1. F)*#+ ), % +$#*#$% ) !,)$/0!),F)*#+ ), % +$#*#$% ) !,)$/0!),

3ee#! a cm!#e$e unders$andin & $'e under#%in "usiness !rcesses

(E.. crea$e an En$i$% Re#a$ins'i! Mde# J3iaramK & $'e "usiness mde#)T'e ERM as a &unc$in & $'e in&rma$in

2.2. F)*#+ ), 0,0!*0 ,%%+ - O%$*)/% /)% *)/%6!F)*#+ ), 0,0!*0 ,%%+ - O%$*)/% /)% *)/%6!

5rea$e a a#id sc'ema

Trans#a$e $'e ERM $ $'e M3M D S$ar sc'emaT'e M3M as a &unc$in & $'e ana#%$ica# !rcessin

3.3. B#! % +)#!), 0+ 0 0$ ) 0, !,%"$0% 00 70$%)#+%B#! % +)#!), 0+ 0 0$ ) 0, !,%"$0% 00 70$%)#+%

T'e sc'ema n $'e BW s$ae L $'e In&5u"es

Trans#a$e $'e M3M D S$ar sc'ema $ ne r mre In&5u"e sc'emas

Sales Re+ ID

L$stN$'eS$#esDe-

Mate#'al ID

$teri$# N$'e$teri$# T%-e

$teri$# /rou-

C%sto.e# ID

Custo'er N$'e

Cit%Re)ion

O""ice N$'e

T'.e Co$e ID

0e$r

Fisc$# 0e$r1u$ter

ounth

D$% o" the Wee

$teri$# 3D

S$#es Re- 3DTi'e Code 3D

Custo'er 3D

S$#es A'ount1u$ntit%

4nit Price

Time Dimension

Customer Dimension

Sales Org DimensionMaterial Dimension

FACT

$teri$# D3 3DOr)Str D3 3D

Ti'e Code 3D

....

1u$ntit%.....

S$#esRe- 3D

L$st N$'e

...Mate#'al DIM ID

$teri$# 3D

$tT%-e

Mate#'al ID

$t.descri-tion

$tT%-e

...

O#/St#" DIM ID

S$#esRe-

S$#esDe-

SalesDe+ ID

Address

...

Focus on analytical needs -

Overcome model complexity

Build the solution as a

part of an integrated

data arehouse

MDM! Star Schema

SA" B#

$%M

Focus on the structure of information

(!"#$% &3'


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(" S% 1 D%%) 0 *)/%% #,%$+0,!," ) % #,%$!," #+!,%++$)*%++%+

In $'is s$e! +e &cus n $'e structurestructure& in&rma$in

(" Ent't'es an$ t0e #elat'ons bet)een t0e.

T'ere are n s$ric$ ru#es n '+ $ dee#! a cm!#e$e unders$andin & $'e under#%in"usiness !rcess. Neer$'e#ess usin an E,! R%0!),+! M)%(ERM) is a d +a% &seein $'e re#ean$ "usiness "ec$s and $'eir re#a$ins'i!s. 3e!endin n $'e !ar$icu#arcircums$ances and $'e e-$en$ & !ersna# e-!erience, i$ +i## sme$imes "e su&&icien$ us$ $dra+ a diaram s'+in $'e en$i$ies and $'eir re#a$ins'i!s.

T#s #ie 2ISIO r Er+in r an% $'er mde#in $# are er% use&u# 'ere.

E-am!#es ma% "e $'e ms$ e&&icien$ means & !ridin an unders$andin & '+ $ a!!rac'a Mu#$i/3imensina# Mde# D S$ar sc'ema and een$ua##% a a#id BW im!#emen$a$in, and &in$rducin "asic $erms.

E.. I& $'e end/user descri"es 'is in&rma$in needs and su"ec$ area as,

Trac $'e !er&rmance & ma$eria#s +i$' res!ec$ $ cus$mers and sa#es !ersns;)

C%sto.e#

Sales T#ansa&t'on

Mate#'al

Mate#'al /#o%+

Sales Pe#son

Sales De+a#t.ent

3ntersection Entit%

(!"#$% &:'

!n the ne$t stage the customer is ased to be more precise and; in this case; determine that

additional details for material; customer and sales person are also re


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C%sto.e#

Mate#'al Sales Pe#son

Mate#'al /#o%+ Sales De+a#t.ent

Customer no

Customer name

City

Region

Material no

Material name

Material type

color

price

Material group noMaterial group name

....

Sales T#ansa&t'onDateCustomer no

Material no

Sales pers no

Amount

Quantity

Currency

Sales pers. no

Sales pers. name

.......

Sales dep. no

Sales dep. location.......

(!"#$% &8'

C%sto.e#

C't3

Re/'on

Mate#'al G#o%+

Sales o#$e#

P#'&e

Sales Pe#son

Sales De+t"

Sales De+t" Lo&"

Mate#'al

Mate#'al T3+eColo#

(!"#$% &9'

A&$er cm!#e$in $'ese s$e!s %u +i## 'ae a d idea a"u$ $'e "usiness $erms in#ed and'+ $'e re#a$ins'i!s "e$+een $'em are cn&iured. T'is !rides a d "asis &r amu#$idimensina# mde#.

2" Rea+'n/ benef'ts of BW:s B%s'ness Content

In SAP !rduc$/"ased scenaris $'e Business 5n$en$ In&Surces !ride a d "asis n+'ic' $ iden$i&% $'e en$i$ies, a$$ri"u$es and &ac$s (e% &iures) & $'e under#%in su"ec$ area.As BW !rides In&Surces rdered "% a!!#ica$ins, i$ is eas% $ iden$i&% $'e In&Surce(s)+'ic' cer(s) %ur su"ec$ area. I& $'e su"ec$ area is "ased n cus$mer/enera$eds$ruc$ures #ie 7IS and 5O/PA %u 'ae $ re&er $ $'ese s$ruc$ures. T'e resu#$ is nrma##% acm!#e$e se$ & en$i$ies and a$$ri"u$es. T'e re#a$ins'i!s can "e deried &rm $'e SAP !rduc$da$a mde# i& $'e% are n$ "ius.


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Een i& $'e s#u$in is n$ en$ire#% SAP !rduc$ "ased, r %u !#an $ mira$e a surce #eac%s%s$em $ RD6 &r e-am!#e in $'e &u$ure, $'e res!ec$ie In&Surces s'u#d "e cnsidered.

," S%2; C#eate a al'$ S&0e.a

T'is crucia# s$e! aims $ ercme mde# cm!#e-i$% "% &cusin n ana#%$ica# needs (see&i.1>).

Sales Re+ ID

L$stN$'e

S$#esDe-

Mate#'al ID

$teri$# N$'e

$teri$# T%-e

$teri$# /rou-

C%sto.e# ID

Custo'er N$'eCit%

Re)ion

O""ice N$'e

T'.e Co$e ID

0e$rFisc$# 0e$r

1u$ter

ounthD$% o" the Wee

$teri$# 3D

S$#es Re- 3D

Ti'e Code 3D

Custo'er 3D

S$#es A'ount

1u$ntit%

4nit Price

Time DimensionCustomer Dimension


FACT

Focus on analytical needs -

Overcome model complexity

MDM! Star Schema

$%M

(!"#$% 1&'

Oercmin mde# cm!#e-i$% in#es $'e crea$in & a sc'ema $'a$ is *)/$%%,+!% )$) % %,-#+%$ 0, % +)70$%.

4. T% M#!-D!/%,+!),0 M)% (MDM'

(Pu"#ica$ins "% Ra#!' ?im"a##, as re&erred $ "e#+, !ride $'e de$ai#s &r $'e mu#$i/dimensina# da$a mde#).C)/$%%,+!!! )$ % %,-#+%$is reac'ed "% raniin en$i$ies and a$$ri"u$es &rms$e! 1 $'a$ are arraned in a !aren$/c'i#d re#a$ins'i! (1N), in$ ru!s. T'ese ru!s areca##ed !/%,+!),+ and $'e mem"ers & $'e dimensins !/%,+!), 0$!#%+r0$!#%+.T'e s$rn en$i$ies de&ine $'e dimensins. Fr $'e end/user $'e a$$ri"u$es & a dimensinre!resen$ a s!eci&ic "usiness ie+ n $'e &ac$s (r e% &iures r ?PIs), +'ic' are deried&rm $'e in$ersec$in en$i$ies. T'e a$$ri"u$es & a dimensin are $'en ranied in a'ierarc'ica# +a% and $'e ms$ a$mic a$$ri"u$e $'a$ &rms $'e #eaes & $'e 'ierarc'% de&ines$'e "$0,#0$!& $'e dimensin. Granu#ari$% de$ermines $'e de$ai# & in&rma$in. T'ismde# is ca##ed M#!-D!/%,+!),0 M)% (MDM'. T'e Mu#$i/3imensina# Mde#, +'ere$'e &ac$s are "ased in $'e cen$er +i$' $'e dimensins surrundin $'em, is a sim!#e "u$e&&ec$ie cnce!$ $'a$ is easi#% recnied "% $ec'nica# resurces as +e## as "% $'e end/user.

5. T% S0$ S*%/0

T'e S0$ +*%/0 &&ers *)/$%%,+!!! )$ +)70$%. T'e S$ar sc'ema is $'e ms$!!u#ar +a% & im!#emen$in a Mu#$i/3imensina# Mde# in a re#a$ina# da$a"ase.Sn+ae sc'emas are an a#$erna$ie s#u$in a#$'u' BW In&5u"es are "ased n a S$arsc'ema, and a s'r$ in$rduc$in $ i$s main $erms and ca!a"i#i$ies +i## n+ "e ien 'ere.


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In a S$ar sc'ema, ne dimensin re!resen$s ne $a"#e. T'ese !/%,+!), 0%+surrund $'e0* 0%, +'ic' cn$ains $'e &ac$s (e% &iures), and are #ined $ $'a$ &ac$ $a"#e ia uni0uee%s, ne !er dimensin $a"#e. Eac' dimensin e% uni0ue#% iden$i&ies a r+ in $'easscia$ed dimensin $a"#e. Te$'er $'ese dimensin e%s uni0ue#% iden$i&% a s!eci&ic r+in $'e &ac$ $a"#e (see &i.11).

Star Schema

Sales Re+Sales Re+IDID

L$stN$'e

S$#esDe-

Mate#'al IDMate#'al ID

.$teri$# N$'e

.$teri$# T%-e

.$teri$# /rou-

C%sto.e#C%sto.e#IDID

Custo'er N$'e

Cit%

Re)ionO""ice N$'e

T'.e Co$e IDT'.e Co$e ID

0e$r

Fisc$# 0e$r

1u$ter.ounth

D$% o" the Wee2





S$#es A'ount

1u$ntit%

Time

Dimension

(Table)

Customer

Dimension

(Table)

Sales Org

Dimension

(Table)

Material

Dimension(Table)

FACT (Table)

(!"#$% 11'

T% ;% %%/%,+ ) 0 S0$ +*%/0 0$%

5en$ra# 0* 0%+i$' !/%,+!), 0%+s'$in && &rm i$ Fac$ $a"#es $%!ica##% s$re a$mic and area$e $ransac$in in&rma$in, suc' as

0uan$i$a$ie amun$s & ds s#d. T'e% are ca##ed 0*+ F0*+ are numeric a#ues & a nrma##% addi$ie na$ure Fac$ $a"#es cn$ain &rein e%s $ $'e ms$ a$mic !/%,+!), 0$!#% & eac'

dimensin $a"#e

Frein e%s $ie $'e &ac$ $a"#e r+s $ s!eci&ic r+s in eac' & $'e asscia$ed

dimensin $a"#es

T'e !in$s & $'e s$ar are dimensin $a"#es

3imensin $a"#es s$re "$' a$$ri"u$es a"u$ $'e da$a s$red in $'e &ac$ $a"#e and

$e-$ua# da$a

3imensin $a"#es are de/nrma#ied

T'e ms$ a$mic dimensin a$$ri"u$es in $'e dimensins de&ine $'e "$0,#0$!& $'e

in&rma$in, i.e. $'e num"er & recrds in $'e &ac$ $a"#e


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T% F0* T0% (&i.14)

C%sto.e#C%sto.e# St#eetSt#eet SalesPe#sSalesPe#s SalesRe/'onSalesRe/'on Mate#'alMate#'al Un'tUn't DateDateDate

Customer SalesPers Material Date Amount Quantity

des !mbh Meier Monitor "#$$$# $%%% &

Customer SalesPers Material Date Amount Quantity

des !mbh Meier Monitor "#$$$# $%%% &

des !mbh Meier Monitor "#$$$#

(!"#$% 12'

T'e "asic !rcess & ma!!in an ERM $ $'e M3MD S$ar sc'ema is s'+n n $'e #+in

ra!'ic (&i.16)

Sales Re+ ID

L$stN$'eS$#esDe-

Mate#'al ID


$teri$# /rou-

C%sto.e# ID

Custo'er N$'e

Cit%

Re)ion

O""ice N$'e

T'.e Co$e ID

0e$r

Fisc$# 0e$r

1u$ter

ounth

D$% o" the Wee

$teri$# 3D

S$#es Re- 3D

Ti'e Code 3D

Custo'er 3D

S$#es A'ount

1u$ntit%

4nit Price



FACT


16/73


G%,%$0 M0!," G#!%!,%+

Fac$ Ta"#e

A cen$ra# in$ersec$in en$i$% de&ines a Fac$ Ta"#e. An in$ersec$in en$i$% suc' as dcumen$num"er is nrma##% descri"ed "% &ac$s (sa#es amun$, 0uan$i$%), +'ic' &rm $'e nn/e%

c#umns & $'e &ac$ $a"#e. In &ac$, MN re#a$ins'i!s "e$+een s$rn en$i$ies mee$ eac'$'er in $'e &ac$ $a"#e, $'us de&inin $'e cu$ "e$+een dimensins

3imensins (Ta"#es)

A$$ri"u$es +i$' 1N cndi$ina# re#a$ins'i!s s'u#d "e s$red in $'e same dimensin suc'as ma$eria# ru! and ma$eria#.

T'e &rein / !rimar% e% re#a$ins de&ine $'e dimensins

Time

One e-ce!$in is $'e $ime dimensin. As $'ere is n crres!ndence in $'e ERM, $imea$$ri"u$es (da%, +ee, %ear) 'ae $ "e in$rduced in $'e M3M !rcess $ cer $'e

ana#%sis needs.

T'ese cnsidera$ins !ride a s$ar$in !in$ &r dimensin ana#%sis, "u$ addi$ina#cnsidera$ins +i## im!ac$ n $'e ru!in & $'e a$$ri"u$es and +i## "e discussed in de$ai##a$er.

=" S%,; C#eate an InfoC%be Des'+t'on

Bui#d $'e s#u$in +i$'in BW, res!ec$in ana#%$ica# needs, and as !ar$ & an in$era$ed da$a+are'use.Trans#a$in $'e M3MD S$ar sc'ema ($'e resu#$s & S$e! 1 and S$e! 4) in$ an In&5u"edescri!$in is & curse $'e $!ic & $'is !a!er and +i## "e ines$ia$ed in $'e #+inc'a!$ers in de!$'.An ini$ia# in$rduc$in is ien in $'e #+in ra!'ic (see &i.1:, !.1:)


17/73


T$0,+0% % MDM< S0$ S*%/0 !,) 0, I,)C#% D%+*$!!),

Sales Re+ ID

L$stN$'e

S$#esDe-

Mate#'al ID

$teri$# N$'e

$teri$# T%-e

$teri$# /rou-

C%sto.e# ID

Custo'er N$'e

Cit%

Re)ionO""ice N$'e

T'.e Co$e ID

0e$r

Fisc$# 0e$r

1u$terounth

D$% o" the Wee

$teri$# 3D

S$#es Re- 3D

Ti'e Code 3D

Custo'er 3D

S$#es A'ount1u$ntit%

4nit Price



FACT

MDM! Star Schema

SA" B#

$teri$# D3 3D

Or)Str D3 3DTi'e Code 3D

....

1u$ntit%.....

S$#esRe- 3D

L$st N$'e

...Mate#'al DIM ID

$teri$# 3D

$tT%-e

Mate#'al ID

$t.descri-tion$tT%-e

...

O#/St#" DIM ID

S$#esRe-S$#esDe-

SalesDe+ ID

Address

...

(!"#$% 14'

=. R%+#/%

In 'is " T'e 3a$a Ware'use T#i$


18/73


Sta# S&0e.a Bas'&s an$ Mo$el'n/ Iss%es

In $'e !reius c'a!$er +e in$rduced $'e S$ar sc'ema. As ms$ & $'e re#ean$ !r!er$ies &rmde#in derie direc$#% &rm $'ese sc'emas, +e +i## n+ 'ae a c#ser # $ $'em. Wes$ar$ +i$' $'e S$ar sc'ema as i$ is $'e &rce "e'ind $'e BW sc'ema and is a#s easier $

unders$and. T'ese "asics +i## a#s 'e#! %u $ dee#! a &undamen$a# unders$andin & $'emde#in !r!er$ies & $'e BW sc'ema "e&re $'a$ is discussed in $'e ne-$ c'a!$er. Weem!'asie $'a$ $'is c'a!$er discusses $'e S$ar sc'ema and n$ $'e BW sc'ema

1. H)7 T% S0$ S*%/0 W)$;+

H+ $'e resu#$ & a 0uer% is ea#ua$ed usin a S$ar sc'ema can "es$ "e s'+n $'ru' $'ise-am!#e (&i.18) I& +e need $'e #+in in&rma$in,

S)7 /% % +0%+ 0/)#, )$ *#+)/%$+ )*0% !, >N%7 ?)$;> 7! /0%$!0

"$)# >@@@> !, % %0$ >199=>

Star Schema


L$stN$'eS$#esDe-



$teri$# /rou-


Custo'er N$'eCit%

Re)ionO""ice N$'e


0e$rFisc$# 0e$r

1u$terounth

D$% o" the Wee





S$#es A'ount

1u$ntit%

TimeDimension

(Table)

CustomerDimension

(Table)

Sales Org

Dimension(Table)

MaterialDimension

(Table)

FACT (Table)

(!"#$% 15'

T'e ans+er is de$ermined in $+ s$aes

B$)7+!," % D!/%,+!), T0%+

Access $'e Customer Dimension #ableand se#ec$ a## recrds +i$' City Ne+

r

Access $'e "aterial Dimension #able and se#ec$ a## recrds +i$' "aterialgroup

Access $'e #ime Dimension #ableand se#ec$ a## recrds +i$' Aear 1==C

As a resu#$ & $'ese $'ree "r+sin ac$ii$ies, $'ere are a num"er & e% a#ues(Customer !Ds; "aterial !Ds; #ime Code !D), ne &rm eac' dimensin $a"#ea&&ec$ed.

A**%++!," % F0* T0%


19/73


Usin $'e e% a#ues ea#ua$ed durin "r+sin, se#ec$ a## recrds in $'e &ac$ $a"#e$'a$ 'ae $'ese a#ues in cmmn in $'e &ac$ $a"#e recrd e%.

2" Sta# S&0e.a Iss%esWi$' res!ec$ $ $'e !rcessin & a 0uer% and $'e desin & $'e S$ar sc'ema +e rea#ie $'a$

R%%*!," $%0 7)$ *0,"%+ !, % S0$ +*%/0

H+ rea#/+r#d c'anes are dea#$ +i$', i.e. '+ $'e di&&eren$ $ime as!ec$s are 'and#edis $'e ms$ im!r$an$ $!ic +i$' da$a +are'uses.

Star-I. T% $)% ) % 0* 0%

T'e S$ar sc'ema reec$s c'anes in $'e rea# +r#d< nrma##% "% addin r+s $ $'e&ac$ $a"#e. Mre !recise rea# +r#d< c'anes #ie Customer:C11< !urc'ase"aterialBBB< a$Day1==@>@>4< &r 1>> crea$es a ne+ recrd in $'e &ac$ $a"#e, +'ic' isiden$i&ied "% $'e cm"ina$in & e% a$$ri"u$es in $'e dimensin $a"#es. In $'is case$'e cus$mer num"er, ma$eria# I3 and $'e da% (&i.1;)

C0an/es 'n t0e #eal )o#l$ -> ne) #o)s 'n t0e fa&t table

Mate#'al/#o%+ Mate#'al

5 AAA

5 BBB

0 CCC

0 DDD

Mate#'al/#o%+ Mate#'al

5 AAA

5 BBB

0 CCC

0 DDD

Mate#'al C%sto.e# Da3 Reen%e

AAA 67&& &8898& &

BBB 67&2 &8898& &

CCC 67&2 &8898& &

DDD 67&2 &8898& &

BBB 9?(( (@@@2 (

Mate#'al C%sto.e# Da3 Reen%e

AAA 67&& &8898& &

BBB 67&2 &8898& &

CCC 67&2 &8898& &DDD 67&2 &8898& &

BBB 9?(( (@@@2 (

Mate#'al D'.ens'on Table

Fa&t Table

BBB 9?(( (@@@2 (

T#ansa&t'on #e&o#$

A$$ ne) #e&o#$

to fa&t table

C%sto.e# C%st/#o%+

67&&...........................

67&2...........................

C%sto.e# C%st/#o%+

67&&...........................

67&2...........................

Da3 Mont0 ea#

&8898& .....................

&88982 .....................

Da3 Mont0 ea#

&8898& .....................

&88982 .....................

C%sto.e# D'.ens'on Table T'.e D'.ens'on Table

A&&ess'n/ ne) #e&o#$

'n fa&t table

Star-II. T% $)% ) !/%,+!), 0%+T'ere are a#s c'anes "e$+een $'e a$$ri"u$e a#ues & a$$ri"u$es +i$'in $'e

same dimensin (e.. $'e ma$eria# n #ner "e#ns $ ma$eria# ru! "u$ $ma$eria# ru! Q). Usua##% $'ese c'anes ccur mre r #ess &re0uen$#% and in$'er% $'e% are $'ere&re ca##ed s#+#% c'anin dimensins


20/73


R%)$!,"

Star-III. Re!r$s can "e crea$ed "% accessin $'e dimensin $a"#es (mas$er da$are!r$in).

Star-IV. T'e S$ar sc'ema saes in&rma$in a"u$ een$s $'a$ did r did ,) 'a!!en

(e.. re!r$in $'e reenue &r $'e cus$mers in Ne+ r +i$'in a cer$ain $ime s!an+u#d s'+ $'e cus$mers $'a$ 'ae reenue, "u$ n$ $'e cus$mers $'a$ 'ae nreenue).

A""$%"0!),

Star-V.On#% $'e in&rma$in a$ $'e ranu#ari$% & $'e dimensin $a"#e e%s (ma$eria# I3,cus$mer I3, $ime cde I3, sa#es re! I3) need $ "e s$red $ mae an% desiredarea$ed #ee# & in&rma$in aai#a"#e.

Star-VI. Mre !recise#% an% summaried in&rma$in can "e re$rieed a$ run $ime i.e.as &ar as &unc$ina#i$% is cncerned, $'ere is n need $ s$re !re/ca#cu#a$edarea$ed da$a, "u$ +i$' #are (num"er & r+s) &ac$ $a"#es and D r #are

dimensin $a"#es, !re/ca#cu#a$ed area$es mus$ "e in$rduced &r !er&rmancereasns.

A$!#% R%0!),+!+ (H!%$0$*!%+'

In $'e S$ar sc'ema $'ere is ne (rea#) a$$ri"u$e (ms$ ranu#ar) as $'e uni0ueiden$i&ier & eac' dimensin $a"#e r+ inin $'e &ac$ $a"#e. T'e $'er a$$ri"u$es &a dimensin $a"#e are nrma##% !aren$s< & suc' iden$i&%in a$$ri"u$es, $'us $'e $erm'ierarc'%. Wi$' 'ierarc'ies numerus c'a##enes mus$ "e res#ed

Star-VII. NM re#a$ins'i! +i$'in a dimensin.T'ere is n sim!#e +a% $ 'and#e an NM re#a$ins'i! "e$+een $+ a$$ri"u$es +i$'ina dimensin $a"#e (suc' as ma$eria#s +i$' di&&eren$ c#rs). I& ma$eria# is $'e #+es$

#ee#, i$ is n$ !ssi"#e $ !u$ "$' ma$eria# and ma$eria# c#r in$ ne nrma# s$ardimensin $a"#e, as +e +u#d 'ae ne ma$eria# a#ue asscia$ed +i$' mu#$i!#ec#rs. As suc', ma$eria# is n #ner a uni0ue e%.

Star-VIII. N #ea& a$$ri"u$e a#ues.Aain $'ere is n eas% +a% $ 'and#e $ransac$ina# in!u$ $ a S$ar sc'ema +'ere $'e&ac$s are &&ered a$ di&&eren$ a$$ri"u$e #ee#s, +'ere"% $'e a$$ri"u$es "e#n $ $'esame dimensin. Fr e-am!#e, assume $'e a$$ri"u$es ma$eria# and ma$eria# ru!e-is$ in $'e same dimensin. Sme su"sidiaries can &&er $ransac$ina# da$a a$ma$eria# #ee# +'ereas $'ers can n#% &&er da$a a$ ma$eria# ru! #ee#. T'e resu#$in $'e #a$$er case is dimensin $a"#e r+s +i$' "#an r nu## a#ues &r $'e ma$eria#,

+'ic' des$r%s $'e uni0ue e% ma$eria#.Star-IX. Un"a#anced 'ierarc'ies

2er% &$en +e 'ae a$$ri"u$es in a dimensin +'ere a re#a$ins'i! e-is$s "e$+eensme a$$ri"u$e a#ues, +'ereas +i$' $'ers $'ere is nne. As $'e re#a$ins "e$+eena$$ri"u$e a#ues & di&&eren$ a$$ri"u$es +i$'in a dimensin &rm a $ree $'a$ +i## resu#$in !a$'s & di&&erin #en$'s &rm r$ $ #eaes, $'ese un"a#anced 'ierarc'ies +i##!rduce re!r$s +i$' dumm% 'ierarc'% $ree ndes.


21/73


T0% S!%+ 0, P%$)$/0,*%

Star-X. 3 n$ des$r% "r+sin !er&rmance. 3imensin $a"#es s'u#d 'ae are#a$ie#% sma## num"er & r+s (in cm!arisn $ $'e &ac$ $a"#e &ac$r a$ #eas$11> $ 14>).

S*%/0 M0!,%,0,*%Star-XI. T'ere are n #imi$a$ins $ $'e S$ar sc'ema +i$' res!ec$ $ $'e num"er &

a$$ri"u$es in $'e dimensin and &ac$ $a"#es, e-ce!$ $'e #imi$a$ins caused "% $'eunder#%in re#a$ina# da$a"ase.

Star-XII. F#e-i"i#i$% reardin $'e addi$in & c'arac$eris$ics and e% &iures $ $'esc'ema is caused "% !r!er$ies & re#a$ina# da$a"ases.

M%lt'-D'.ens'onal S&0e.as 'n BW

Based n e-!erience +i$' $'e S$ar sc'ema, $'e SAP BW sc'ema uses a mre s!'is$ica$eda!!rac' $ uaran$ee cnsis$enc% in $'e da$a +are'use and $ &&er sc'ema/"ased&unc$ina#i$% $ cer $'e end/users ana#%sis needs.5rea$in a a#id mu#$i/dimensina# sc'ema in BW means $'a$ %u a#+a%s 'ae $ "ear inmind $'e era## en$er!rise da$a +are'use re0uiremen$s and $'e s#u$in/s!eci&ic ana#%sisand re!r$in needs. Errrs in $'is area +i## 'ae a dee! im!ac$ n $'e s#u$in, resu#$in in!r !er&rmance r een an ina#id sc'ema.

(" Oe#'e)T'e ra!'ic s'+s a mu#$i/dimensina# BW sc'ema usin $'e e-am!#e &rm $'e !reiusc'a!$ers. On#% $'se !ar$s $'a$ are im!r$an$ as &ar as mde#in is cncerned are inc#uded(&i.1C).


22/73


FACT Ta&le

/ e ! ie t & / e ! ie t 2 / e !i e t :

B e ; i r &

/ e ! i e t : $

B e ; i r 2

R e ) i o n &

/ e ! i et 6 / e ! i et 3D

S$#esOr)>Di'ension>3DTi'e>Di'ension>3D

Custo'er>Di'ension>3D

S$#es A'ount

1u$ntit%

Material 'um&er

L$n)u$)e Code

Material 'um&er

L$n)u$)e Code

Mate#'al Na.e

Mate#'al Te1t TableMate#'alD'.ens'onID

Material 'um&er

Material Dimension Ta&le

Mate#'al Maste# Table

Material 'um&erMaterial 'um&er

Mate#'al T3+e

SalesRe+ Maste# Table

Sales%ep 'um&erSales%ep 'um&er

Sales DEP

Sales%ep 'um&er

L$n)u$)e Code

Sales%ep 'um&er

L$n)u$)e Code

SalesRe+ Na.e

SalesRe+ Te1t Table

Customer 'um&er

L$n)u$)e Code

Customer 'um&er

L$n)u$)e Code

C%sto.e# Na.e

C%sto.e# Te1t Table

C%sto.e# Maste# Table

Customer 'um&erCustomer 'um&er

C't3

Re/'onT'.eD'.ens'onID

0e$r

1u$terounthD$%

Time Dimension Ta&le

SalesO#/D'.ens'onID

Sales %ep 'um&er

SalesOrgSalesOrgDimensionDimension Ta&leTa&le

C%sto.e#D'.ens'onID

Customer 'um&er

Customer Dimension Ta&le

CustomerCustomer DimensionDimension

InfoCubeInfoCube

TimeTimeDimensionDimension

MaterialMaterial

DimensionDimension

SalesOrgSalesOrgDimensionDimension

O"sera$ins T'e cen$er & a mu#$idimensina# sc'ema in BW &rms $'e 0* 0%.

In BW $'e &ac$s & $'e &ac$ $a"#e are ca##ed ;% !"#$%+ (e.. sa#es amun$).

T'e &ac$ $a"#e is surrunded "% !/%,+!),+. A !/%,+!),cnsis$ & di&&eren$ $a"#e $%!es

D!/%,+!), T0%

In BW $'e a$$ri"u$es & $'e dimensin $a"#es are ca##ed *0$0*%$!+!*+ (e..ma$eria#).T'e me$a da$a "ec$ in BW $'a$ descri"es c'arac$eris$ics and a#s e% &iures(&ac$s) is ca##ed I,)O%*.

M0+%$ T0%+

M0+%$ D00 T0%

3e!enden$ a$$ri"u$es & a c'arac$eris$ic can"e s$red in a se!ara$e $a"#e ca##ed$'e M0+%$ D00 T0% &r $'e c'arac$eris$ic. In BW $'e% are ca##ed%$/!,))"0$!#%+ (e.. ma$eria# $%!e).

T%6 T0%+

Te-$ua# descri!$ins & a c'arac$eris$ic are s$red in a se!ara$e %6 0%. T'es%s$em runs in di&&eren$ #anuaes a$ a $ime.


23/73


E6%$,0 H!%$0$* T0%+

Hierarc'ies & c'arac$eris$ics r a$$ri"u$es may"e s$red in se!ara$e !%$0$*0%+. Fr $'is reasn $'ese 'ierarc'ies are named %6%$,0 !%$0$*!%+(e..s$andard cs$ cen$er 'ierarc'% &rm RD6/5O &r $'e c'arac$eris$ic cs$ cen$er).

Im!r$an$

#he use of the term hierarchy in 3 is a possible point of confusion. #he

normal understanding of hierarchy is defined as a se


24/73


M#!-D!/%,+!),0 S*%/0 !, BW

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste#

H'e#a#&0'es

H'e#a#&0'es

Maste#

SID Tables

Te1t

H'e#a#&0'es

Maste#

SID Tables

Te1t

H'e#a#&0'es

Maste#

SID Tables

Te1t

H'e#a#&0'es

Maste#

SID Tables

Te1t

H'e#a#&0'es

Maste#

SID Tables

Te1t

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste#

H'e#a#&0'es

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste#

H'e#a#&0'es

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste#

H'e#a#&0'es

D'.ens'on

Table

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste#

H'e#a#&0'es

D'.ens'on

Table

D'.ens'on

Table

D'.ens'on

Table

D'.ens'on

Table

H'e#a#&0'es

Maste#

SID Tables

Te1t

FACT

(!"#$% 19'

As %u can see, !in$er r $rans#a$in $a"#es ca##ed SID (Surra$e/I3) 0%+are used in $'eBW sc'ema $ #in $'e s#u$in/inde!enden$ mas$er $a"#es & $'e BW sc'ema $ In&5u"es.The )r$-hic shows $ si'-#i"ied version o" wh$t t%-es o" S3D t$!#es e?ist $nd their t$ss $re discussedin det$i# in the section on the S3D t$!#e.

," D'.ens'ons 'n a BW s&0e.aEar#ier +e in$rduced sme "asic ru#es in de&inin dimensins n $'e resu#$s & !rirana#%sis

A$$ri"u$es +i$' 1N cndi$ina# re#a$ins'i!s s'u#d "e s$red in $'e same !/%,+!),suc' as ma$eria# ru! and ma$eria#.

T'e &rein / !rimar% e% re#a$ins de&ine $'e dimensins.

Once a decisin n $'e mem"ers & a dimensin 'as "een made +e 'ae $ cnsider $'a$ a!/%,+!),in $'e BW sc'ema mi'$ cnsis$s & di&&eren$ !ar$s (&i.4>)


25/73


/ e !i et & / e !i et 2 / e !i et :

B e ; i r &

/ e ! i e t : $

B e ; i r 2

R e ) i o n &

/ e ! ie t 6 / e ! ie t 1 @1>>> 14 D 1===

BBB >1 @1>>> >= @1==@

BBB 1> @1==@ 14 @==== E

555 >1 @1>>> 14 @==== E

333 >1 @1>>> 14D==== E

Time 3e!enden$ A$$ri"u$e Mas$er 3a$a Ta"#e

($a"#e name DBI5DMa$eria#)

(!"#$% 23'

One im!r$an$ as!ec$ reardin mde#in mus$ "e em!'asied

T!/% D%%,%, A$!#%+ 0, #%$!,"

3urin a sin#e 0uer% e-ecu$in n#% ONE c'arac$eris$c a#ue L $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$ea#ue cns$e##a$in can "e addressedAddressin a s!eci&ic cns$e##a$in is dne ia $'e 0uer% e% da$e.T'e e% da$e is a#id &r a## $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e assinmen$s $'a$ are used in $'e 0uer%.

T summarie $'e #+in !in$s

T'ere is ne $ime de!enden$< c'ec "- &r eac' a$$ri"u$e in $'e a$$ri"u$e< $a" !ae

sec$in.

Time de!endenc% & an a$$ri"u$e a##+s %u $ ee! $rac n $'e c'anes er $ime & $'e

re#a$in & $'e c'arac$eris$ic and $'e $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e a#ues.

In $erms & $ec'nica# im!#emen$a$in, 7) /0+%$ 00 0%+e-is$ i& +e 'ae "$' nn/$ime de!enden$ and $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es. One mas$er da$a $a"#e s$res a## re#a$ins $ nn/$ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es (name &

$'e $a"#e DBI5DPinfob6ectnameand One $a"#e s$res re#a$ins $ $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es (name & $'e $a"#e

DBI5Dinfob6ectname.

T'e $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es mas$er da$a $a"#e 'as addi$ina# 3ATETO and

3ATEFROM s%s$em a$$ri"u$es. In 0ueries $'e di&&eren$ cns$e##a$ins are addressed usin$'e e% da$e (/ uer% !r!er$ies). T'e a#idi$% a$$ri"u$es are n$ aai#a"#e &r naia$in.

N$e T'e $a"#e names & BW "usiness cn$en$ In&O"ec$s s$ar$ +i$' DBI>D ...A c#ser # a$ $'e re!r$in !ssi"i#i$ies & $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es is ien in c'a!$er 8.

Im!r$an$

T'ere are ,) $%-*0*#0% 0""$%"0%+a$ $ime/de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e #ee#


30/73


=. C)/)#, A$!#%+

5'arac$eris$ics ma% n$ "e uni0ue i.e. an$'er a$$ri"u$e is necessar% $ a##+ $'e da$a $ "eaddressed. E-am!#e $'e In&O"ec$ >5OST5ENTER (cs$ cen$er) &&ered &rm RD6a!!#ica$ins is n#% uni0ue +i$' $'e In&O"ec$ >5OAREA (5n$r##in Area).Addi$ina# a$$ri"u$es can "e de&ined in $'e cm!und $a" !ae sec$in & In&O"ec$

main$enance.

2. T%6 T0%+

T'e $e-$ $a"#e & an In&O"ec$ & $%!e c'arac$eris$ic ee!s $'e descri!$ins & $'ec'arac$eris$ic a#ues. T'e e-is$ence & a $e-$ $a"#e and di&&eren$ descri!$in $%!es as s'r$,midd#e and #n $e-$ descri!$ins and #anuae de!endenc% can "e de&ined in $'e mas$er da$a$a" !ae sec$in.T'e $e-$ $a"#e, r "e$$er $'e descri!$in a$$ri"u$es, ma% "e de&ined as !/% %%,%,.T$0,+%$ $#%+ma% "e a!!#ied durin $e-$ da$a #ad.

3. SID T0%+

SI3 $a"#es !#a% an im!r$an$ r#e in #inin $'e da$a +are'use in&rma$in s$ruc$ures $ $'esu"ec$/rien$ed In&5u"es and O3S O"ec$s.

T s!eed u! access $ In&5u"es and $ a##+ an In&5u"e and O3S/O"ec$ inde!enden$mas$er da$a #a%ers, eac' c'arac$eris$ic and a$$ri"u$e is assined a SI3 c#umn and $'eir a#uesare encded in$ :/"%$e in$eer a#ues.N$eT'e a#ri$'m $ de$ermine a SI3 a#ue +rs &as$es$ i& $'e c'arac$eris$ic des n$ e-ceed $'enumerica# sie & nine as in $'is case $'e c'arac$eris$ic a#ues +i## "e $'e SI3. N $radi$ina#SI3 $a"#e 'as $ "e accessed as $'e c'arac$eris$ic r a$$ri"u$e a#ues crres!nd 11 $ $'eirSI3s.

1. I,)O%* %!,!!), 0, SID 0%+

T &&er !$ima# !er&rmance +i$' $'e arius sc'emas +i$' res!ec$ $ mas$er da$a access,$'ree di&&eren$ SI3 $a"#es mi'$ "e enera$ed.

SI3 $a"#es +i$' res!ec$ $ mas$er da$a

T'e $0!!),0 SID 0%+e n+ &rm ear#ier ersins, is a#+a%s enera$ed i& an

In&O"ec$ is n$ de&ined as a$$ri"u$e n#%< ($a" !ae enera#). T'is $a"#e is used i& $'eaccess $ an In&cu"e r O3S/O"ec$ uses a naia$ina# a$$ri"u$e r i& $'e access is ia ac'arac$eris$ic +i$'u$ a$$ri"u$es.

T'e ,),-!/% %%,%, 0$!#% SID 0%& a c'arac$eris$ic &r access ia nn/$ime

de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es.

T'e !/% %%,%, 0$!#% SID 0% & a c'arac$eris$ic &r access ia $ime

de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es.


31/73


E-am!#eSu!!sin $'e In&O"ec$ ma$eria#< 'as "$' nn/$ime de!enden$< and $ime de!enden$ D 4>).

1. M#!% 0* 0%+

Eac' In&5u"e 'as $+ &ac$ $a"#esT'e F-0* 0% +'ic' is !$imied &r #adin da$a, and $'e E-0* 0% +'ic' is!$imied &r re$riein da$a (&i.68).

M%lt'+le

Fa&t Tables

(F) F-Fact Table 'eui"(F) F-Fact Table 'euest *

(+) +-Fact Table 'eui"(+) +-Fact Table 'euest , *

() Dimension() Dimension

(!) time-in"e#en"ent-


($)($)time-"e#en"ent-

time-"e#en"ent-

(%) &tra"itional&(%) &tra"itional&

%%%%

!!

%%

$$

!!

%%

%%

%%

%

%

%%

%%

!! !!

%%

%%

%%%%

!!

%%

%%

E

F

(!"#$% 35'


41/73


B$' &ac$ $a"#es 'ae $'e same c#umns. T'e F/$a"#e uses "/$ree inde-es $'e E/Ta"#e uses"i$ma! inde-es e-ce!$ &r #ine i$em dimensins +'ere a "/$ree inde- is used.T'e In&5u"e cm!ressin &ea$ure mes $'e &ac$ recrds & a## se#ec$ed re0ues$s &rm $'e F/$ $'e E/&ac$ $a"#e. In din s $'e re0ues$/I3 & eac' &ac$ recrd is se$ $ er.T'e se!ara$in in$ $+ &ac$ $a"#es is &u##% $rans!aren$.

2. F0* 0% 0$!!),!,"

BW su!!r$s $'e !ar$i$inin & &ac$ $a"#es.Par$i$inin is a da$a"ase &ea$ure and in s'r$ means $'a$ ne $a"#e is s!#i$ in$erna##% in$seera# $a"#es, i$s !ar$i$ins. Par$i$ins & a $a"#e 'ae $'eir +n inde- areas $'a$ are $'ere&resma##er areas $'an $'e en$ire $a"#e +u#d 'ae. Te$'er +i$' $'e !ssi"i#i$% & in$erna##%s!#i$$in a nrma##% se0uen$ia# re0ues$ n $'e en$ire $a"#e in$ seera# !ara##e# re0ues$s &iredn di&&eren$ !ar$i$ins, $'is can s!eed u! a 0uer% sini&ican$#%.Par$i$inin is &u##% $rans!aren$.T !ar$i$in a $a"#e %u 'ae $ de&ine cri$eria $'a$ a##+ $'e da$a"ase enine $ decide +'ere

a s!eci&ic recrd 'as $ "e #aded and +'ere i$ +i## "e &und a&$er+ards.In BW $'e &ac$ $a"#e can "e ei$'er !ar$i$ined "% $'e In&O"ec$ >5A7MONTH i.e. ca#endar%ear and mn$', r "% >FIS5PER i.e. &isca# %ear and !erid (&i.6;).

Pa#t't'on'n/Fa&t Tables

(F) F-Fact Table 'eui"(F) F-Fact Table 'euest

(+) +-Fact Table 'eui"(+) +-Fact Table 'euest ,

() Dimension() Dimension



($)($)time-"e#en"ent-

time-"e#en"ent-

(%) &tra"itional&(%) &tra"itional&

%%%%

!!

%%

$$

!!

%%

%%

%%

%%

%%

%%

!! !!

!!

%%

%%

Pa&LeD'.ens'o

T'.eD'.ens'o

E

F

(!"#$% 3:'


42/73


Te$'er +i$' $'e en$ire a#ue rane &r $'e !ar$i$inin In&O"ec$ $'a$ %u +u#d e-!ec$and $'e !$ina# ma-ima# num"er & !ar$i$ins, $'e a#ue rane &r eac' !ar$i$in isde$ermined.N$e Par$i$inin is a da$a"ase &unc$ina#i$%. Hae a # a$ $'e OSS $ &ind u$ '+ and $+'a$ e-$en$ %ur da$a"ase !rider su!!r$s !ar$i$inin

Fr e-am!#e7e$ us assume +e +an$ $ !ar$i$in a &ac$ $a"#e usin >5A7MONTH. We +an$ $'ae da$a in ur &ac$ $a"#e s$ar$in &rm 1===>1


43/73


I/)$0,

I$ s'u#d aain "e n$ed $'a$ enera##% a$$ri"u$esD c'arac$eris$ics are sme$imes ca##eddimensins. T'is a !$en$ia# !in$ & misunders$andin as sa%in $'a$ $'e BW Sc'ema &&ers1; dimensins, $'ree & +'ic' are used in$erna##%, sunds er% #imi$ed. Usin $'is de&ini$in& a dimensin $'ere are ac$ua##% 16 4:@ dimensins !ssi"#e +i$' BW !#us $'e dimensins

de&ined "% $'e naia$ina# a$$ri"u$es.

4. M)%!," !++#%+ 0, % BW +*%/0

We +i## n+ # a$ $'e arius im!r$an$ mde#in issues &rm a $!ic/"ased !ers!ec$ie.E-!#ainin '+ $ im!#emen$ $'ese issues +i$' BW +i## im!re unders$andin & $'e BWsc'ema.Tr%in $ ma! rea# +r#d !rcesses, $'e #+in ra!'ic i##us$ra$es $'e cm!e$i$in &di&&eren$ in$eres$s $'a$ a#+a%s arise durin $'e desin !'ase. T'is e-!#ains +'% een sme &$'e #+in mde#in recmmenda$ins cn$radic$ eac' $'er. A d desin +i## a#+a%s"e a cm!rmise.

We +i## $'ere&re a#s #eae u$ $'e im!ac$s & mde#in, es!ecia##% n !er&rmance and iceersa (a#$'u' !#ease 'ae a#s 'ae a # a$ $'e acce#era$r Siin and Per&rmance


44/73


3. G$0,#0$!

An im!r$an$ resu#$ & $'e da$a mde#in !'ase is $'a$ $'e "$0,#0$!($'e #ee# & de$ai# &%ur da$a) is de$ermined. Granu#ari$% dee!#% inuences Re!r$in ca!a"i#i$ies

Per&rmance S!ace needed

7ad Time

u 'ae $ decide +'e$'er %u rea##% need $ s$re de$ai#ed da$a in an I,)C#%r +'e$'eri$ is "e$$er in an ODS )%*r een n$ s$red in %ur da$a +are'use a$ a##, "u$ accesseddirec$#% &rm %ur Surce s%s$em ia $! $#.T'ese decisins are decisins $'a$ d n$ n#% inuence %ur curren$ sc!e, "u$ $'e en$irea!!rac' $ and arc'i$ec$ure & %ur da$a +are'use.T'is $!ic is discussed in a s!ecia# !a!er.

1. F0* 0%+ 0, "$0,#0$!

2#ume is a cncern +i$' &ac$ $a"#es. H+ can $'e num"er & r+s & da$a in a &ac$ $a"#e "ees$ima$ed 5nsider $'e #+in

H+ #n +i## $'e da$a "e s$red in $'e &ac$ $a"#e

H+ ranu#ar +i## $'e da$a "e

T'e &irs$ is &air#% s$rai'$&r+ard. H+eer, $'e ranu#ari$% & $'e in&rma$in 'as a #areim!ac$ n 0uer%in e&&icienc% and era## s$rae re0uiremen$s. T'e ranu#ari$% & $'e &ac$$a"#e is direc$#% im!ac$ed "% dimensin $a"#e desin as $'e ms$ a$mic c'arac$eris$ic in eac'dimensin de$ermines $'e ranu#ari$% & $'e &ac$ $a"#e. Fr e-am!#e, #e$ us assume +e need $ana#%e $'e !er&rmance & u$#e$s and ar$ic#es. A$$ri"u$es e-is$ +'ic' descri"e

Ou$#e$

Recei!$s

Ar$ic#es

5us$mers

Time

7e$ us #imi$ ur ana#%sis $ ar$ic#es and $ime, and &ur$'er assume $'a$ 1,>>> ar$ic#es areru!ed "% 1> ar$ic#e ru!s. T $rac $'e ar$ic#e ru! !er&rmance n a +ee#% "asis

Granu#ari$% ar$ic#e ru!, +ee, and 6>> sa#es da%s a %ear (:8 +ees)1> :8 :8> recrds in $'e &ac$ $a"#e !er %ear due $ n#% $'ese $+ a$$ri"u$es i& a##ar$ic#es are s#d +i$'in a +ee

Granu#ari$% ar$ic#e, +ee, 6>> sa#es da%s a %ear (:8 +ees)1,>>> :8 :8,>>> recrds in $'e &ac$ $a"#e !er %ear due $ n#% $'ese $+ a$$ri"u$esi& a## ar$ic#es are s#d +i$'in a +ee

Granu#ari$% ar$ic#e, da%, 6>> sa#es da%s a %ear1,>>> 6>> 6>>,>>> recrds in $'e &ac$ $a"#e !er %ear due $ n#% $'ese $+a$$ri"u$es i& a## ar$ic#es are s#d +i$'in a da%


45/73


Granu#ari$% ar$ic#e, 'ur, 6>> sa#es da%s a %ear, 14 sa#es 'urs a da%8>> 6>> 14 1,@>>,>>> recrds in $'e &ac$ $a"#e !er %ear due $ n#% $'ese $+a$$ri"u$es i& n aerae 8>> ar$ic#es are s#d +i$'in an 'ur

Fina##%, assumin 8>> u$#e$s, $'ere +i## "e =>>,>>>,>>> recrds a %ear in $'e &ac$ $a"#e.

2. I/0*+ ), S)$0"%ui$e "ius#% ranu#ari$% direc$#% im!ac$s $'e s$rae s!ace needed. As i$ s$res $'e$ransac$in da$a, $'e &ac$ $a"#e is $'e #ares$ $a"#e in $'e In&5u"e. T'ere&re, es$ima$in $'esie & $'e &ac$ $a"#e !rides a ru' idea & $'e s!ace re0uired &r $'e In&5u"e.Fr eac' dimensin $a"#e a &ur/"%$e in$eer 3IM I3 (dimensin I3) is used, in cnunc$in+i$' $'e $'er 3IM I3s, $ !in$ $ $'e asscia$ed r+ & da$a in $'e &ac$ $a"#e. In addi$in,$'e #en$' & a## $'e e% &iures in $'e &ac$ $a"#e mus$ "e cnsidered

((N#/%$ ) DIM ID+' 4 ()0 %," ) 0 ;% !"#$%+'' ,#/%$ ) $%*)$+

I/)$0,

emember the three dimensions re


46/73


P0$%, A$!#%+ !, BW (&i.6=)

Mate#'al

Material Dimension

Mate#'al/#o%+

Mate#'al

D'.ens'on table

As a CharacteristicAs a Characteristic ((Mate#'al

Maste# table

As a 'avigationalAs a 'avigational!!

DisplayDisplayAttri&uteAttri&ute ((

Mate#'al

H'e#a#&03 tableAs a )ierarchyAs a )ierarchy((

(!"#$% 39'

T'e &reedm $ c'se "e$+een $'e di&&eren$ #ca$ins & de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es is ac$ua##%res$ric$ed as $'e re!r$in "e'air and !ssi"i#i$ies di&&er and de!end u!n $'e #ca$in.T'us $'e re!r$in needs ines$ia$ed durin $'e "#ue!rin$ !'ase & $'e !rec$ nrma##%de&ine $'e #ca$in & a de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e. T'is is discussed in de$ai# in $'e #+inc'a!$ers.

5. P%$)$/0,*% 0, )*0!), ) %%,%, 0$!#%+T'e re!r$in needs s'u#d uide %u in $'e decidin +'ere $ !u$ a de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e.T'ere is #i$$#e r n$'in $ "e said in $erms & !er&rmance $ &ar #ca$in a$$ri"u$es in anIn&5u"e dimensin $a"#e ins$ead in mas$er r 'ierarc'% $a"#es.

:. E,%$$!+% 00 70$%)#+% 0, )*0!), ) %%,%, 0$!#%+

Frm $'e !ers!ec$ie & $'e cm!an% da$a +are'use and aside &rm ana#%sis demands and!er&rmance issues, $'e #+in 'in$ s'u#d "e "sered Paren$ a$$ri"u$es s'u#d "e !#aced in mas$er $a"#es (/Naia$ina#D 3is!#a% A$$ri"u$es) r

desined as an e-$erna# 'ierarc'% $ minimie redundanc% and $ uaran$ee in$era$in in$'e da$a +are'use.

3a$a +are'usin s'u#d mean cn$r##ed redundanc% $ ac'iee a 'i' deree &in$era$in. Frm $'is !in$ & ie+, a## de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es s'u#d reside in mas$er $a"#es rin cases +'ere $'ere is n#% ne c'arac$eris$ic, in eac' dimensin $a"#e (see #ine i$emdimensin).


47/73


=. D00 )0 0, % )*0!), ) %%,%, 0$!#%+

Aside &rm ana#%sis demands, $'e #+in 'in$ s'u#d "e "sered 5'arac$eris$ics de#iered "% $ransac$in da$a #ad are nrma##% #ca$ed in dimensin

$a"#es (ru#e & $'um")

T'ere are di&&eren$ #ad !rcesses +i$'in BW cered "% di&&eren$ $%!es & In&Surces In&Surces &r $ransac$in da$a #ad $'a$ &i## $'e In&5u"es

In&Surces &r mas$er da$a #ad $'a$ &i## mas$er da$a $a"#es, $e-$ $a"#es and 'ierarc'%

$a"#esT'us dimensin $a"#es are main$ained durin $ransac$in da$a #ad +'ic' means $'a$ $ !u$ ac'arac$eris$ic in a dimensin $a"#e $'a$ is n$ de#iered &rm $ransac$in da$a #ad r $'a$cann$ "e sim!#% deried &rm $ransac$in da$a (#ie ca#endar %ear &rm da$e) meansaddi$ina# #u! & mas$er da$a $a"#es and $'us a cer$ain er'ead durin #ad $ime.

8. T$0*;!," !+)$ !, % BW +*%/0

We n+ $urn $ $'e ms$ im!r$an$ as!ec$ & da$a +are'usin !/%

9. H!+)$ 0, I,)C#%

T!/% 0, F0* T0%

5'anes er $ime are nrma##% $raced in $'e &ac$ $a"#e "% #adin $ransac$in da$a.

I$ is $'e $as & $'e &ac$ $a"#e $ $rac c'anes (e.. sa#es) "e$+een c'arac$eris$ics & di&&eren$dimensins.Fr e-am!#e

I& $'e ma$eria# EEE is !urc'ased "% cus$mer 146 n da% 1===>;6>, $'is sa#e +i## ccuras a ne+ r+ in $'e &ac$ $a"#e and main $'e e-is$ence & $'e ne+ re#a$ins'i! "e$+eenma$eria# AAA and cus$mer 146 and da$e 1===>;6>< isi"#e.

E%,+ 0 ! )**#$

T'e &ac$ $a"#e nrma##% re!r$s $'ins $'a$ did 'a!!en. T'ere is n eas% +a% $ re!r$ n$'ins $'a$ did n$ 'a!!en.

D!/%,+!), 0%+ 0, $%0 7)$ *0,"%+

5'anes in $'e re#a$ins'i! "e$+een $'e a#ues & $+ c'arac$eris$ics +i$'in a dimensin

$a"#e +i## "e $raced au$ma$ica##%. Fr e-am!#e, i& durin $'e $ransac$in da$a #ad a ne+a#ue cm"ina$in &r c'arac$eris$ics +i$'in ne dimensin $a"#e is de$ec$ed, a ne+ 3IM I3+i## "e assined &r $'is ne+ cm"ina$in and a r+ added $ $'e dimensin $a"#e re!r$in$'is ne+ cns$e##a$in. Addi$ina##% a r+ is added $ $'e &ac$ $a"#e +'ere $'is 3IM I3,amn $'ers, resides (&i.:>, !.::).


48/73


Fa&t Table

Mat-GR-SID Mat-SID Mat-DIM-ID

8& & &&&

8& 2 222

82 2 ===

82

82 6 666

@2

Mat-GR-SID Mat-SID Mat-DIM-ID

8& & &&&

8& 2 222 82 2 ===

82

82 6 666

@2 @2

Mat Mat-SID

AAA &

BBB 2

CCC

DDD 6

EEE .>=.1==@means se#ec$ mas$er recrds +i$' 3a$eT 6>.>=.1==@ and 3a$eFrm 6>.>=.1==@.

Hin$ 3e&ine a BW aria"#e $ a##+ e-i"#e re!r$s and ana#%sis (BE uer% Bui#der) +i$'

di&&eren$ e% da$es.

I/)$0,

#he ey date of a


56/73


(!"#$% 48'

A##+ ersins andD r en$ire 'ierarc'% $ime de!enden$ r een $ime/de!enden$ s$ruc$ures &re-$erna# 'ierarc'ies & $'e c'i#d c'arac$eris$ic (ma$eria#) (BW Admin WB In&O"ec$main$enance/ 'ierarc'ies).

T'e !aren$ a$$ri"u$e resides as a nde a$$ri"u$e & an e-$erna# 'ierarc'% in $'e 'ierarc'% $a"#e& $'e c'i#d c'arac$eris$ic (BW Admin WB In&O"ec$ main$enance/ 'ierarc'ies).

C),*#+!), - %+%$0 !+ )0

es$erda% is $da% a##+s %u $ cer $da% is %es$erda% si$ua$ins $ "u$ $'e $imede!endenc% a#+a%s means mre er'eads.

T'ere is n re!r$in n di&&eren$ c'arac$eris$icLa$$ri"u$e a#ue cns$e##a$ins +i$'in a sin#e0uer% e-ecu$in (scenari III).

I/)$0,

!f all dependent attributes of a characteristic are navigational 9time dependent or not or aredisplay attributes in the characteristicGs master data table or nodes 9time dependent or not

of an e$ternal hierarchy 9time dependent or not; then remember you have the option to

define this characteristic as a line item dimension.

S*%,0$!) III R%)$ % 00 ) % $%+%*!% *),+%0!),-)0 )$ %+%$0-

2. S*%,0$!) III D%+*$!!),

Yesterday or today or report the historical truth:

Re!r$ $'e da$a accrdin $ $'e cns$e##a$in & c'arac$eris$ics and a$$ri"u$e a#ues $'a$ +asa#id +'en $'e da$a ccurred.

E-am!#e &r Scenari IIIIn 1> 1==@ $'e assinmen$ & ma$eria# BBB< $ ma$eria# ru! < +as c'aned $


57/73


Constellation 23!31+

Mate#'al Mate#'al/#o%+

AAA 5

BBB 5

CCC 0

DDD 0

Constellation $%'"#+

Mate#'al Mate#'al /#o%+

AAA 5

BBB 0 4&0an/e$6

CCC 0

DDD 0

EEE 0 4ne)6

Reporting demands+

Mate#'al /#o%+ Re @5@ Re (5@

2 (

2 9

Re+o#t s0o)'n/ 0'sto#'&al t#%t0

,act Table

Mate#'al Date Reen%e

AAA @5(@@ &

BBB @5(@@ &

CCC @5(@@ &

DDD @5(@@ &

AAA (5(@@ &

BBB (5(@@ &

CCC (5(@@ &

DDD (5(@@ &

EEE (5(@@ &

(!"#$% 49'

T'is scenari is & in$eres$ i& %u +an$ re!r$s $'a$ $rac $'e rania$ina# c'anes ($ime

r+s), &r e-am!#e +i$' Human Resurces.

S*%,0$!) III S)#!), 7! BW

Yesterday or today or report the historical truth:

Pu$ $'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e & %ur c'arac$eris$ic as a c'arac$eris$ic in $'e same dimensin.

E-am!#e &r Scenari III L S#u$in (&i.8>)M0%$!0 "$)# 0+ *0$0*%$!+!* !, % /0%$!0 !/%,+!), 0%


58/73


Fa&t Table$t/r $t/rS3D

5 8&

0 82

MatG# T#a$'t'onal SID Table

$t/rS3D $teri$#S3D $tD33D

8& & &&&

8& 2 222

82 2 ===

82

82 6 666

82 <


59/73


E-am!#e &r Scenari I2In 1> 1==@ $'e assinmen$ & ma$eria# BBB< $ ma$eria# ru! < +as c'aned $


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M0%$!0 "$)# 0+ !/%-%%,%, ,0!"0!),0 0$!#% !, % /0%$!0 /0+%$ 0%

0, 0!!),0 0!! 0$!#%+ 0+) %!,% 0+ !/%-%%,%, ,0!"0!),0 0$!#%+

Fa&t Table

$t/r $t/rS3D

5 8&

0 82

MatG# T#a$'t'onal SID Table

$teri$#S3D $tD33D

& &&&

2 222

6 666

<


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11. U+0"% ) !/% +*%,0$!)+

As s'+n in $'e !reius c'a!$er BW su!!r$s a +ide rane & $ime scenaris. Summariin+'a$ +e #earned in $'e !reius sec$ins +e em!'asie

I$ is !ssi"#e $ incr!ra$e eac' $ime scenari +i$'in ne BW sc'ema.

U+!," !%$%, !/% +*%,0$!)+ !, 0 +*%/0 !,*$%0+%+ % )%,!0 0#% ) )#$+)#!),

I$ is unders$anda"#e $'a$ $'e end/user ma% +is' $ 'ae a## $'e $ime scenaris in $'e BWsc'ema L us$ in case.

I& $'is is s "u$ $'ere is n &undamen$a# us$i&ica$in &r $'is in $erms & in&rma$in needs,$'e end/user s'u#d "e +arned $'a$ 'e +i## !a% &r i$ in $'e #+in +a%s

He +i## #se $'e sim!#ici$% & $'e Mu#$i/3imensina# Mde# and mreer !rduce e-$raer'eads durin #adin and 0uer%in

W! %0* 0!!),0 !/% +*%,0$!) !, 0 BW +*%/0 % *)/%6! !+ !,*$%0+% 0,

7! ! % )%,!0 ) %$$),%)#+ 0, /!+%0!," K#%$!%+.A direc$ cnse0uence is

A!!),0 $0!,!," 0+ ) % ),% )$ 0 )* #+%$+ 0, )$ K#%$ 0#)$+ ) %60!,

% !%$%,*%+ %7%%, % !/% +*%,0$!)+ 0, )7 0, !, 7!* *0+%+ ) #+% %/.

Mreer e-!erience s'+s $'a$

T% 0#% ) % !+)$!*0 +$#*#$% !/!,!+%+ 7! !/% %+%*!0 7! +*%,0$!) II

S*%,0$!)+ I III 0$% 0$ % /)+ $%K#%, #+% +*%,0$!)+.

I&, n $'e $'er 'and, $'e end/user 'as a rea# need $ re!r$ usin di&&eren$ $ime scenaris $'e#+in ru#es 'ae $ "e "sered

W%, %+!",!," % +0/% 0$%, 0$!#% 0+ 0 *0$0*%$!+!* !, 0 !/%,+!), 0%

(+*%,0$!) III !+)$!*0 $#' 0, 0+ 0, ,0!"0!),0 0$!#% !, 0 /0+%$ 00

0% (0 )%$ +*%,0$!)+' $%/%/%$ 0 !, 0 BW +*%/0 % ,0!"0!),0 0$!#%

+)# 0% 0 !%$%, ,0/% $)/ !+ ,0/% !, % I,)O%* %!,!!), ) 0)!

/!+#,%$+0,!,"+.

O$'er+ise $'e same name +u#d "e re!ea$ed $+ice in $'e 0uer% "ui#der (BW Admin WBIn&O"ec$ main$enance/ a$$ri"u$es).

Fur$'ermre +e rea#ie $'a$ $'ere is an im!ac$ n !er&rmance +i$' cer$ain $ime scenaris


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E.. s'+ me $'e reenue & ar$ic#es $'a$ are n !rm$in in rein +u#d n$ re0uire $'a$$'e nrma##% #are ar$ic#e dimensin $a"#e "e accessed.

4. I,0!), ) !/%,+!),+

I$ mi'$ 'a!!en $'a$ %ur mu#$i/dimensina# mde# s'+s %u a #$ & sma##< dimensins.Sma##< in $'is reard means dimensins $'a$ +i## 'ae n#% ne r $+ c'arac$eris$ics,+'ere"% $'ese c'arac$eris$ics 'ae n#% a &e+ a#ues.Bear in mind $'e #+in

T'e #imi$a$ins +i$' res!ec$ $ $'e num"er & dimensins +i$'in a BW sc'ema.

T'e !ssi"#e er'ead !rduced durin 0uer% e-ecu$in "% 'ain $ in man%

dimensin $a"#es $ a #are &ac$ $a"#eA !ssi"#e s#u$in $ ercme $'ese

C)/!,!," +/0 !/%,+!),+ ) )%$*)/% !/%,+!), !,0!),

T'e BW sc'ema des n$ en&rce $'a$ n#% re#a$ed c'arac$eris$ics are "ru'$ in$ ne

dimensin $a"#e. T'is a##+s %u crea$e a dimensin ($a"#e) c##ec$in mre r #ess unre#a$edc'arac$eris$ics &rm sma##< dimensins.

u mus$ "sere $'a$ $'e num"er & e-!ec$ed cm"ina$ins & c'arac$eris$ics a#ues s'u#d& curse n$ "e $'e 5ar$esian !rduc$

An$'er as!ec$ is usa"i#i$% i.e. &r 0uer% au$'rs %u 'ae $ crea$e a meanin&u# dimensinname (#ie scenari dimensin


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O& curse i$ is !ssi"#e $ desin a mre a!!r!ria$e sc'ema &r $'e sin#e cu"e a!!rac'.T'is is discussed in $'e ne-$ c'a!$er.Usin $'e BW Mu#$i5u"e &unc$ina#i$% +e can use a s!ace/sain, "e$$er !er&rmin andmre $rans!aren$ a!!rac'.A Mu#$i5u"e is a ir$ua# cu"e $'a$ des n$ e-is$ !'%sica##% (&r mre de$ai#s cnsu#$ $'e BW

AWB 3cumen$a$in)SAP de&ines $'ree Basic In&5u"es, +'ic' sere as $'e in!u$ &r $'e Mu#$i5u"e de&ini$in.T'e #+in 'as $ "e "sered

On#% c'arac$eris$ics and naia$ina# a$$ri"u$es $'a$ re&erence $'e same In&O"ec$ can "e

dec#ared $ "e $'e same.

I& $'e same In&O"ec$ & $%!e e% &iure ccurs mu#$i!#e $imes %u 'ae $ decide

+'e$'er $ add $'e a#ues &rm $'e di&&eren$ cu"es r c'se ne e% &iure &rm necu"e. In sme scenaris $'e &irs$ !$in maes sense (&r e-am!#e Mu#$i5u"e & cun$r%/s!eci&ic "asic cu"es +i$' reenue da$a) +i$' $'er scenaris (e-am!#e ac$ua# and !#an)$'is +u#d "e nnsensica#.

T'e "es$ +a% $ 'and#e e% &iures is $ use a e% &iure In&O"ec$ ,) in di&&eren$

seman$ic cns$e##a$ins suc' as e% &iure T &r rdered 0uan$i$% in $'e rder cu"eand &r iniced 0uan$i$% in $'e iniced cu"e as $'is a##+s %u $ access mu#$i!#eIn&5u"es +i$'in ne 0uer%.

Wi$' $'is "acrund +e can crea$e $'ree In&cu"es (&i.8C)

ONUM CUS PROD ODAT SALP OQTY OPR#

1 C1 P1 1998 S1 5 100

2 C2 P1 1998 S2 10 200

3 C1 P2 1997 S3 4 130

4 C2 P2 1997 S2 8 150

4 C2 P2 1998 S2 -2 -40

ONUM CUS PROD DDAT D%LP DQTY DPR#

1 C1 P1 1998 D2 5 100

2 C2 P1 1999 D1 7 120

2 C2 P1 1999 D2 3 80

3 C1 P2 1998 D1 2 60

4 C2 P2 1998 D2 6 110

ONUM CUS PROD &DAT LP &QTY &PR#

1 C1 P1 1999 B1 5 100

2 C2 P1 1999 B1 10 200

3 C1 P2 1998 B2 4 130

Or"er-Cube

Delier.-Cube

/illing-Cube

(!"#$% 5='

X and "ased n $'ese Basic In&5u"es a Mu#$i5u"e, a 0uer% s'+in sa#es and de#iered0uan$i$%, +u#d # #ie $'is (&i.8@)


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PROD SQTY DQTY

P1 15 15

P2 10 8

(!"#$% 58'

3ri##in d+n $ sa#es!ersn +i## s'+ $'e #+in resu#$s (&i.8=)

PROD SALP SQTY DQTY

P1 S1 5

S2 10

unassigned 15

15 15

P2 S2 6

S3 4unassigned 8

10 8

(!"#$% 59'

T+ 0ueries are sen$ in !ara##e# $ $'e rder and de#ier% cu"e. T'e su"se0uen$ unin crea$es$'e resu#$ $a"#e (&i.;>).

SalesCube

/illingCube

SalesDelier/illing

Multi-Cube

Multi-Cube 2ueries

/asic-Cube 2ueries /asic-Cube 2ueries

DelierCube

/asic-Cube 2ueries


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15. P0$!!),!," A$!#%+

In $'e mde#in !'ase i$ &$en 'a!!ens $'a$ $'ere are dens & e% &iures (&ac$s) suc' asAc$ua# Sa#es D P#anned Sa#es D Frecas$ Sa#es D Bude$ Sa#es D P#anned Uni$s D Frecas$ Uni$sFur$'ermre ac$ua# and !#an e% &iures are nrma##% de&ined n di&&eren$ ranu#ar #ee#s

#ie Ac$ua# da$a n !rduc$ and dai#% #ee#

P#an da$a n !rduc$ ru! and mn$'#% #ee#

ues$in S'a## I in$rduce a## $'ese e% &iures in$ $'e &ac$ $a"#e & a sin#e In&5u"e

Ans+er Bearin in mind +'a$ +e discussed +i$' res!ec$ $ Mu#$i5u"e scenaris i$ des n$ mae

sense $ crea$e n/cu"es, ne &r eac' scenari. I$ maes sense $ $'in & $+ "asic re!r$in scenaris and $ crea$e $+ cu"es ne &r

ac$ua# sa#es and ne &r !#annin, &recas$s and "ude$s. T'is a#s $aes in$ accun$ $'e di&&eren$ ranu#ari$% #ee#s in $'e scenaris.

ues$in W'a$ +i## 'a!!en i& $'e users +an$ $ in$rduce a 6/mn$' &recas$, a ;/mn$' &recas$

Ans+er

T'in & !#an, "ude$ and &recas$ as a#ues & a c'arac$eris$ic named, &r e-am!#e,

a#ue $%!e< and #ca$ed in a se!ara$e dimensin ($a"#e) named, &r e-am!#e, scenari


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E,)$*!," % %6!+0,*% ) 0 0$!!), 0$!#%

5'arac$eris$ics $'a$ !ar$i$in $'e sc'ema #ie 2a#T%!e 'ae $ "e in eer% 0uer% and eer%!re/ca#cu#a$ed area$e

T'is can "e en&rced "% de&inin 2a#T%!e as uni0ue &r eac' ce##< in In&O"ec$ main$enance($a" !ae, E-!#rer).

Fur$'er adan$aes & !ar$i$inin a$$ri"u$es

E-$erna# 'ierarc'ies can "e de&ined er $'e !ar$i$inin c'arac$eris$ic

BW s$ain su!!r$s $'is &ea$ure as $'e u!da$e ru#es are de&ined &r eer% e% &iure &rm

$'e cmmunica$in s$ruc$ure & $'e In&Surce, ena"#in ne #are $ransac$ina# recrd+i$' man% e% &iures $ "e s!#i$ in$ man% recrds in $'e &ac$ $a"#e +i$' ne e% &iure.

T'us incr!ra$in "$' &ea$ures ($'e Mu#$i5u"e and a !ar$i$inin a$$ri"u$e) !ridessuccess&u# im!#emen$a$in (&i.;4)

3lan4Forecast..

DataCube

5ctual DataCube

3lan 6 5ctualMulti-Cube

Multi-Cube 2ueries

/asic-Cube 2ueries /asic-Cube 2ueries

(!"#$% :2'

1. A$!#% )$ 0* (;% !"#$%'

Usua##% i$ is 0ui$e "ius '+ $ dis$inuis' attributes andfacts. Bu$ $'ere +i## "e smea$$ri"u$es $'a$ +i## "e cn&usin. Prices are a d e-am!#e. On ne 'and, !rice descri"es $'e

ar$ic#e (as &r e-am!#e $'e manu&ac$urer a$$ri"u$e des), and i$ $'ere&re ma% seem $ "e#nin $'e mas$er da$a $a"#e

I,)O%*+ ) % ;% !"#$% 0+ 0$!#%+ !, 0 /0+%$ 00 0%

In$rducin a &rmu#ar aria"#e $'a$ addresses an a$$ri"u$e & $%!e e% &iure #ie !rice< in amas$er da$a $a"#e a##+s ca#cu#a$ins +i$'in 0ueries usin $'is &rmu#ar aria"#e (see3cumen$a$in)


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S)/%!/%+ ;% !"#$% 0$!#%+ /#+ % !,%"$0% !,) % 0* 0%

On $'e $'er 'and, !rice is cn$inuus er $ime and $'a$ means $'a$ i$ des n$ mae sense$ ca#cu#a$e discun$s n $'e "asis & sa#es amun$ and 0uan$i$% in a &ac$ recrd usin $'eac$ua# !rice &rm $'e mas$er da$a $a"#e as descri"ed a"e +i$' &ac$ recrds +'ic' are &re-am!#e ne %ear #d.

In $'is case $'e discun$ 'as $ "e ca#cu#a$ed durin #ad $ime in an u!da$e ru#e addressin$'e ac$ua# !rice ia #u! $ $'e mas$er da$a $a"#e.

In $erms & re!r$in, i$ can a#s "e & in$eres$ $ s$re a$$ri"u$e e% &iures addi$ina##% as ac'arac$eris$ic r an a$$ri"u$e & $%!e c'arac$eris$ic.

4. T!+ 7)# 0)7 ,0!"0!), ), $!*%+ #+!," %6%$,0 !%$0$*!%+.

5. S0/% *0$0*%$!+!* +%%$0 !/%+ !, % /)%

I$ ma% 'a!!en $'a$ %u &ind $'e same c'arac$eris$ic seera# $imes in %ur BW sc'ema "u$!#a%in a di&&eren$ r#e.

E-am!#eSa#es Em!#%ee, 3e#ier% Em!#%ee, Bi##in Em!#%ee5rea$e ne In&O"ec$ em!#%ee


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unbalanced hierarchy

(!"#$% :5'

A $%!ica# e-am!#e is a cs$ cen$er 'ierarc'% in +'ic' seera# (su"/) cs$ cen$ers "e#n $ne cs$ cen$er +'ic' i$se#& "e#n $ an$'er cs$ cen$er and s n. Suc' a 'ierarc'% 'as n&i-ed num"er & #ee#s as cs$ cen$ers usua##% crres!nd $ de!ar$men$s r ru!s +i$'in acm!an%, +'ic' mi'$ "e reranied in$ ne+ su"ru!s. T'us ne+ #ee#s mi'$ "ein$rduced, #d nes disa!!ear. T'e 'ierarc'% mi'$ "e dee!er a$ ne end (due $ a dee!er

'ierarc'ica# rania$in) and s'a##+er a$ $'e $'er.An$'er mar adan$ae & e-$erna# 'ierarc'ies in cm!arisn $ $'eir a#$erna$ies is $'a$ anIn&O"ec$ can 'ae seera# suc' 'ierarc'ies and a## $'ese can "e used +i$'in $'e same cu"e.Wi$' $'e a#$erna$ie a!!rac'es $'e same e&&ec$ cu#d n#% "e ac'ieed $'ru' di&&icu#$+r/arunds.

Per&rmance issues cnnec$ed $ $'is $%!e & 'ierarc'% are as #+s

T'ese 'ierarc'ies d n$ usua##% !er&rm as +e## as $'se mde#ed +i$'in dimensins.

T'e% usua##% !er&rm a$ #eas$ as +e## as $'e 'ierarc'ies "ased n naia$ina# a$$ri"u$es.

Pr"#ems can arise &r #are e-$erna# 'ierarc'ies +i$' man% $'usands & ndes and

#eaes. In $'a$ case i$ mi'$ "e "e$$er $ cnsider ne & $'e $+ a#$erna$ies.

T%!es & e-$erna# Hierarc'ies

2ersins andDr $ime de!endenc% & $'e +'#e e-$erna# 'ierarc'% s$ruc$ure (3a$eT,

3a$eFrm) / $'ere are $%-*0*#0% 0""$%"0%+a$ eac' #ee# een &r s!eci&ic ndea#ues !ssi"#e

Or (e-c#usie) $ime de!endenc% &r eac' e-$erna# 'ierarc'% nde ($ime/de!enden$

s$ruc$ure) / $'ere are ,) $%-*0*#0% 0""$%"0%+!ssi"#e.

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Multi-Dimensional Modeling With BW

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