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Multi-Domained, Multi-Homed Mobile Networks
Mobile Platform Internet (MPI) http://www.multicasttech.com/mpi/
mailing list: [email protected]
Terry Davis – Boeing ([email protected])Will Ivancic – NASA Glenn ([email protected])
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Common Sectors
• Aviation
• Maritime
• Trains
• Trucking (Shipping)
• Automotive
• Others ???
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High Speed SatCom Network• Globally Available • Affected by Weather• Higher Bandwidth• High Latency• High Cost
Low Speed SatCom Network• Globally Available• Low Bandwidth• High Latency• Very High Cost• Redundant
High Speed LOS Network• Globally Available • High Bandwidth• Low Latency• Lower Security• Moderate Cost
High Speed Terrestrial• Not Available when Mobile • High Bandwidth• Low latency• Lower Cost
OperationsCommand and
Control
Mobile Network
How do you decide which path the data should take?How do you cause the network(s) to route the data via this path?
Destination Network(for Operations)
Destination Network(for Command & Control)
Internet
Entertainment
How Do You Select and Implement the Routing Path?
Destination Network(for Entertainment)
Low Rate VHF• Reliable• Low Latency
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Aviation Specific Issues• Safety of Life / Safety of Flight
– Time-Critical command and control for Air Traffic Control • Fast convergence time is essential!
• New radio link technologies are “uncertified” for Air Traffic Control / Air Operations Communications (ATC/AOC)
• Regulatory requirements force network design • Three independent network domains
– (required for regulatory, QoS, & security)– Passenger & In-Flight-Entertainment– Airline Operations– Air Traffic Control
• Service providers may be authorized to carry one, two, or all services.
• ATC will be a “closed network”• Multiple security and authentication architectures
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Airplane Communications
Aircraft ControlDomain
Aircraft ControlDomain
Airline InformationServices Domain
Airline InformationServices Domain
PassengerInfo. and EntertainServices
Domain
PassengerInfo. and EntertainServices
Domain
Passenger-ownedDevices
Passenger-ownedDevices
Air-GroundNetwork Interface
Air-GroundNetwork Interface
Air-GroundNetwork Interface
Control the AircraftControl the Aircraft Operate the AircraftOperate the Aircraft Inform/Entertain the PassengersInform/Entertain the Passengers
CLOSED DomainCLOSED Domain PRIVATE DomainPRIVATE Domain PUBLIC DomainPUBLIC Domain
Airport Network(e.g., Gatelink)
Passenger-accessed3rd Party Providers
Passenger-accessed3rd Party Providers
Airline-Approved3rd Party Providers
Airline-Approved3rd Party Providers
AirlineAirline
Air Traffic ServiceProviders
Air Traffic ServiceProviders
Air-GroundBroadband Network(e.g., INMARSAT)
Air-GroundDatalink Services(e.g., ACARS)
VHF / HF /SATCOM
WirelessLAN
SATCOM/Cellular
Aircraft
Aircraft ControlDomain
Aircraft ControlDomain
Airline InformationServices Domain
Airline InformationServices Domain
PassengerInfo. and EntertainServices
Domain
PassengerInfo. and EntertainServices
Domain
Passenger-ownedDevices
Passenger-ownedDevices
Air-GroundNetwork Interface
Air-GroundNetwork Interface
Air-GroundNetwork Interface
Control the AircraftControl the Aircraft Operate the AircraftOperate the Aircraft Inform/Entertain the PassengersInform/Entertain the Passengers
CLOSED DomainCLOSED Domain PRIVATE DomainPRIVATE Domain PUBLIC DomainPUBLIC Domain
Airport Network(e.g., Gatelink)
Passenger-accessed3rd Party Providers
Passenger-accessed3rd Party Providers
Airline-Approved3rd Party Providers
Airline-Approved3rd Party Providers
AirlineAirline
Air Traffic ServiceProviders
Air Traffic ServiceProviders
Air-GroundBroadband Network(e.g., INMARSAT)
Air-GroundDatalink Services(e.g., ACARS)
VHF / HF /SATCOM
WirelessLAN
SATCOM/Cellular
Aircraft
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In-Air Communication
• Multiple networks with varying criteria for utilizing different links– Aircraft Control Domain– Airline Information Services Domain– Passenger Information and Entertainment Services
Domain
• Often multiple links will be active to the same domain simultaneously.
• May need to have connectivity to 10 or more ISPs depending on what airports one flies into– Need to autonomously connect to service providers– Each airport controls the ISP contracts
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ISO Aeronautics Telecommunication Network (ATN) Island Routing Domain Confederation
ATN TRD ATN TRD
ATN Backbone RDC
ATN TRDATN ERD
ATN ERD
ATN Island RDCMobile RD
Mobile RDMobile RD
AnotherATN Island
ERD – End Routing DomainRD – Routing DomainRDC – Routing Domain ConfederationTRD – Transit Routing Domain
OSI IDRP Routing• Controlled topology to ensure rapid route prorogation
Routing Protocols requires ownership/coordination of infrastructure
• Injecting routes • Not deployed due to cost
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BGP/OSPF for Air Traffic ControlE-BGP requires configuration with each Autonomous Systems.
This is a scalability problem.
Mobile-1
BGP
Mobile-2
BGP
Mobile-N
BGP
BGP/OSPF
BGP/OSPF
BGP/OSPF
BGP/OSPF
OSPF
AREA 1
OSPF
AREA N
OSPF
AREA 0
Air Ground
If you don’t own the infrastructure, you
probably will not be allowed to inject routes!
This may work for ATC, but not for AOC or Passenger Services(AOC is a closed network and will not propagate routes to the world)
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Multiplexing at the Radio
MUXNEMO-1
HANEMO-1 Satellite
MUXNEMO-2
HANEMO-2 WiFi
MUXNEMO-3
HANEMO-3 VHF
ATCATC
AOCAOC
PassengerPassenger
If one requires a separate nemo router for each domain, then,
failure to Multiplex requires a radio for each interface!
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Antenna Systems
Note, this picture does not show:• Satellite links• Passenger service links• Gate links (WiFi)• Gate links (umbilical cord)
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SATCOM AERO-1
SATCOM AERO-HH
VHF Voice/DAT
A
HF Voice/DAT
A
GateLink
INMARSAT Swift 64
High-Rate Satellite
WiFi Max
Cellular
Future Links
Mobile Router
Operations LAN
(Avionics)
Communication and Display
Passenger Services
Air Traffic Managemen
t LAN
Sensor Controller (Optional Display)
NEM0-1 NEMO-2 NEMO-3
Mobile Network
1
Mobile Network
2
Mobile Network
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Multiplexing at the Router
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Global HAHA for NEMO
PrimaryHome Agent
SecondaryHome Agent
Secondary Home Agentprovides pseudo route optimizationwhich is useful over long distances
X
Beware of VPN tunnels.
If security is not considered up front, it may negate route optimization!
VPN Endpoint
VPN Endpoint
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Global HaHa• Draft allows for
– Distribute HAs at IP layer• HA to HA communications at layer 3 to get rid of home link in
configurations where it is not needed
– MIP proxy for local mobility management• to allow a mobile router to bind locally as it is roaming far away
from any of its own home agents
– Pseudo route optimization in the infrastructure
• No Security• Concerns
– How is routing accomplished to get to appropriate HA?– How many home agents will aviation need?– How fast can one switch to a new home agent?
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Monami6 for Aeronautics
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Multiple Links to Aircraft
• Failover for safety-of-life critical control traffic
• Separation of governmental control, airline corporate, and passenger network traffic– Differing priorities on same link– Differing link forwarding selection according to
policy
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High speed link
int2
int3
Routing Policy
Routing Policy
int1Low latency link
Reliable linkATC
ATCATC
ATC
AOC
AOCAOC
AOC
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATAP-DATAHome Agent
Policy-Based Routing, All Links Active
Mobile Router
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High speed link
int2
int3
Routing Policy
Routing Policy
int1Low latency link
Reliable linkATC
ATCATC
ATCAOC
AOC
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATAHome Agent
Policy-Based Routing, Critical Link Active
Mobile Router
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High speed link
int2
int3
Routing Policy
Routing Policy
Home Agentint1
Low latency link
Reliable link
ATC
ATC
ATC
AOC
AOCAOC
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATAP-DATA
Policy-Based Routing, Passengers Link Active
Mobile Router
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Multiple Care-of Addresses
• Some governments provide VHF/UHF air-to-ground network infrastructure
• Multiple commercial service providers for satellite and other links
• Removes potential single-point-of-failure for safety-of-life traffic
Multiple HAs
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Within Monami6 ...• Assume an aircraft has a NEMO MR with X links
and care-of addresses, and Y geographically distributed home agents – X*Y bidirectional tunnels
– But only a few active at one time
• At MR, downlink tunnel selection (CoA and HA pair) based on policy for traffic class of each packet
• At HA, uplink tunnel selection (CoA) based on policy
• Different security mechanisms for each tunnel based on policy
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Desires
• Multiple CoA option works for NEMO– GOOD based on draft-ietf-monami6-
multiplecoa-00
• Support use of flow binding option for NEMO HA-MR tunnel selection– draft-soliman-monami6-flow-binding-02 is
currently worded very mobile-node (not NEMO) centric, although seems to work well for NEMO too
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Recommendations / Desires
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Recommendations / Desires• Need Route Optimization for Large Mobile
Platforms that move over large geographical areas.– Global HAHA is a potential – Other proposals also should be considered
• Including work being done in IRTF MOBOPTS
• It is highly desirable to have multiple NEMOs in a single router (multi-domained nemos)– What are the security implications of this?
• Need to examine Security Architecture relative to mobility mechanisms– If we are not careful, security may undo route
optimization.– Ensure the IKEv2 and revised IPsec architecture are
considered
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Recommendations / Desires
• Aspects of MANET Autoconfiguration may be applicable to traditional routing for large mobile systems regarding the air/ground interface addressing.
• MONAMI6 currently appears to be handling the needs of large mobile platforms.
• It would be advantageous if the filtering mechanisms and policy-base routing for monami6 worked with a hybrid nemo/mip/traditional routing configurations.
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Non-IETF (?) Issues or Not?
• Automated access to networks – particularly access to radio systems (Internet Docking for Mobile Networks)
• Implementation solutions are a combination of architecture, protocol and policy. Is it appropriate to have an “Informational document” for large mobile platforms?
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Mobile Platform Internet (MPI)
• Web Page:– http://www.multicasttech.com/mpi/
• To Join to the mailing list, E-mail to: – [email protected]
