Ming Ding • Hanwen Luo

Multi-point Cooperative Communication Systems: Theory and Applications

4^ Springer 111 ****M L t L ' f 1 1 1 1 5 N^ftS!^' SHANGHAI )IAO TONG I

UNIVERSITY PRESS

Contents

1 Introduction 1 1.1 A Brief History of the International Mobile

Telecommunication Systems 1 1.2 The Future of Wireless Communication: The Enhanced

4G Network 4 1.2.1 Challenges in the Next Decade 4 1.2.2 Development Requirements 5 1.2.3 Key Technologies 5

1.3 Background of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 9 1.4 Scope of This Book 10 1.5 Book Outline 11 1.6 Conclusion 12 References 13

2 Related Work 17 2.1 Fundamentals of Wireless Digital Communication 17

2.1.1 What Form of Communication 18 2.1.2 How to Communicate 19 2.1.3 When/Where to Communicate 21

2.2 OFDM Technology 22 2.3 MIMO Technology 25

2.3.1 Capacity of a MIMO System 25 2.3.2 Space-Time Block Codes 30 2.3.3 Antenna Array Gain 31 2.3.4 MIMO-OFDM Technology 33

2.4 Relay Technology 34 2.4.1 Relaying Protocols 34 2.4.2 One-Way MIMO Relay Technology 38 2.4.3 Two-Way MIMO Relay Technology 41

2.5 Multiuser MIMO Technology 42 2.5.1 System Model 42

xi

Contents

2.5.2 MU MAC Model 43 2.5.3 MUBC Model 45 2.5.4 Duality of the MAC and BC Capacity Regions 46 2.5.5 MU MIMO Schemes in Practical Systems 48

2.6 CSI Feedback Technology 49 2.7 Survey of Multipoint Cooperative Communication Technologies 51

2.7.1 The First Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 53

2.7.2 The Second Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 55

2.7.3 The Third Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 56

2.7.4 The Fourth Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 59

2.7.5 The Fifth Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 61

2.7.6 The Sixth Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 62

2.7.7 The Seventh Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 65

2.7.8 The Eighth Category of Multipoint Cooperative Communication 70

2.8 Conclusion 76 References 77

The Sixth Category: Antenna Selection Technologies 85 3.1 Introduction 85 3.2 System Model and Existing Technologies 87

3.2.1 System Model 87 3.2.2 Existing Technologies 94

3.3 Greedy Antenna Selection Algorithms 96 3.3.1 Capacity Maximization for the System

with Double ZF Processing 96 3.3.2 Capacity Maximization for System with General Processing 99 3.3.3 MSE Minimization for the System with General Processing. 103

3.4 Simulation and Analysis 106 3.4.1 The Proposed DZF-GCM Algorithm 106 3.4.2 The Proposed GCM Algorithm 107 3.4.3 The Proposed GMM Algorithm 110

3.5 Conclusion 112 References 114

The Seventh Category: Advanced Interference Coordination 115 4.1 Introduction 115 4.2 System Model and Existing Technologies 116

4.2.1 System Model 116

Contents xiii

4.2.2 Existing Technologies 117 4.3 Advanced Interference Coordination Scheme 120

4.3.1 Overall Description of the Proposed Scheme 120 4.3.2 Implementation Details of the Proposed Scheme 120

4.4 Simulation and Analysis 131 4.4.1 Methodology of the System-Level Simulation 131 4.4.2 Simulation Parameters 134 4.4.3 Implementation Details in the Simulation 139 4.4.4 Numerical Results and Discussions 145

4.5 Conclusion 146 References 146

5 The Eighth Category: Joint Precoding with Ideal Backhaul 149 5.1 Introduction 149 5.2 System Model and Existing Technologies 151

5.2.1 System Model 151 5.2.2 Existing Technologies 152

5.3 Enhanced Single-Frequency Network Precoding Scheme 161 5.3.1 The Proposed AS-SFNP Scheme 161 5.3.2 Analytical Results for the Single-Antenna UE 164

5.4 Simulation and Analysis 172 5.5 Conclusion 182 References 183

6 The Eighth Category: Sequential and Incremental Precoding with Nonideal Backhaul 185 6.1 Introduction 185 6.2 System Model and Existing Technologies 187

6.2.1 System Model 187 6.2.2 Existing Technologies 191

6.3 Sequential and Incremental Precoding Scheme 195 6.3.1 Precoder Design for the Two-BS JT Network 195 6.3.2 Extension to the Multi-BS Scenario 199 6.3.3 The SIP Scheme with Codebook-based Feedback 199 6.3.4 Extension to the Multi-UE Scenario 201

6.4 Simulation and Analysis 201 6.4.1 Convergence of the SIP Scheme 202 6.4.2 Performance of the Mean of the Maximum

of Sub-stream MSE 203 6.4.3 Performance of Average BER 203 6.4.4 Performance of the Extended SIP Scheme 206 6.4.5 Performance with Codebook-based Feedback 209

6.5 Conclusion 215 References 215

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7 Coordinated Multipoint System 217 7.1 Introduction 217 7.2 Standardization Progress 218

7.2.1 The Failed Campaign of CoMP in LTE Release 10 218 7.2.2 CSI Feedback for Single-Cell MIMO in LTE Release 8/9/10 221 7.2.3 The Renewed Campaign of CoMP in LTE Release 11 228

7.3 CoMP Schemes in LTE Release 11 234 7.3.1 Downlink CoMP Transmission Schemes 234 7.3.2 Uplink CoMP Reception Schemes 236

7.4 Specification Works 237 7.5 Simulation and Analysis 237 7.6 Conclusion 239 References 239

8 Common Feedback Framework for Downlink CoMP 245 8.1 Introduction 245 8.2 Candidates of Common Feedback Framework 247

8.2.1 CFF Option Matrix 247 8.2.2 Discussions on CFF Options 249 8.2.3 Co-phase Versus Aggregated CQI 252

8.3 Performance Evaluation 254 8.3.1 Simulation Description 254 8.3.2 Performance Comparison 261

8.4 The Final Winner of CFF 265 8.5 Conclusion 268 References 269

9 Conclusion 275 9.1 Key Points of This Book 275 9.2 Toward the Future 279 9.3 Conclusion 280 References 280