Max Min Flammability 4 Toxicity 1 Body Contact 2 Reactivity 1 Chronic 0 0 = Minimum 1 = Low 2 = Moderate 3 = High 4 = Extreme Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of this SDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond.Blue = HealthRed = FireYellow = ReactivityWhite = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances) Multi Purpose Lube Mopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division) Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 4 Catalogue number: 49 Version No: 1.4 Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements Issue Date: 04/02/2017 Print Date: 04/02/2017 L.GHS.USA.EN SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION Product Identifier Product name Multi Purpose Lube Synonyms 0VU01463 0VU01463AB Other means of identification Not Available Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Relevant identified uses The use of a quantity of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in increased exposure and an irritating atmosphere developing. Before starting consider control of exposure by mechanical ventilation. Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party Registered company name Mopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division) Address 26311 Lawerence Avenue, Center Line Michigan 48015 United States Telephone 1-800-846-6727 Fax Not Available Website Not Available Email [email protected]Emergency phone number Association / Organisation Not Available Emergency telephone numbers 248-512-8002 Other emergency telephone numbers Not Available SECTION 2 HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION Classification of the substance or mixture CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS Classification Aspiration Hazard Category 1, Eye Irritation Category 2A, Gas under Pressure (Compressed gas), Flammable Gas Category 1 Label elements Continued...
Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of thisSDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond.Blue = HealthRed =FireYellow = ReactivityWhite = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances)
Multi Purpose LubeMopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division) Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 4
Catalogue number: 49Version No: 1.4Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements
Issue Date: 04/02/2017Print Date: 04/02/2017
L.GHS.USA.EN
SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION
Product Identifier
Product name Multi Purpose Lube
Synonyms 0VU01463 0VU01463AB
Other means ofidentification
Not Available
Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use
Relevant identified usesThe use of a quantity of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in increased exposure and an irritating atmosphere developing. Before startingconsider control of exposure by mechanical ventilation.
Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party
Registered company name Mopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division)
Address 26311 Lawerence Avenue, Center Line Michigan 48015 United States
The specific chemical identity and/or exact percentage (concentration) of composition has been withheld as a trade secret.
SECTION 4 FIRST-AID MEASURES
Description of first aid measures
Eye ContactIf this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
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Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
Skin Contact
If skin contact occurs:Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
For thermal burns:Decontaminate area around burn.Consider the use of cold packs and topical antibiotics.
For first-degree burns (affecting top layer of skin)Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running water or immerse in cool water until pain subsides.Use compresses if running water is not available.Cover with sterile non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth.Do NOT apply butter or ointments; this may cause infection.Give over-the counter pain relievers if pain increases or swelling, redness, fever occur.
For second-degree burns (affecting top two layers of skin)Cool the burn by immerse in cold running water for 10-15 minutes.Use compresses if running water is not available.Do NOT apply ice as this may lower body temperature and cause further damage.Do NOT break blisters or apply butter or ointments; this may cause infection.Protect burn by cover loosely with sterile, nonstick bandage and secure in place with gauze or tape.
To prevent shock: (unless the person has a head, neck, or leg injury, or it would cause discomfort):Lay the person flat.Elevate feet about 12 inches.Elevate burn area above heart level, if possible.Cover the person with coat or blanket.Seek medical assistance.
For third-degree burnsSeek immediate medical or emergency assistance.In the mean time:
Protect burn area cover loosely with sterile, nonstick bandage or, for large areas, a sheet or other material that will not leave lint in wound.Separate burned toes and fingers with dry, sterile dressings.Do not soak burn in water or apply ointments or butter; this may cause infection.To prevent shock see above.For an airway burn, do not place pillow under the person's head when the person is lying down. This can close the airway.Have a person with a facial burn sit up.Check pulse and breathing to monitor for shock until emergency help arrives.
Inhalation
If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR ifnecessary. Transport to hospital, or doctor.
Ingestion
If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. Observe the patient carefully. Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious. Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink. Seek medical advice. Avoid giving milk or oils. Avoid giving alcohol. If spontaneous vomiting appears imminent or occurs, hold patient's head down, lower than their hips to help avoid possible aspiration of vomitus.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
See Section 11
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
Any material aspirated during vomiting may produce lung injury. Therefore emesis should not be induced mechanically or pharmacologically. Mechanical means should be used if it is considerednecessary to evacuate the stomach contents; these include gastric lavage after endotracheal intubation. If spontaneous vomiting has occurred after ingestion, the patient should be monitored fordifficult breathing, as adverse effects of aspiration into the lungs may be delayed up to 48 hours.
for naphthalene intoxication: Naphthalene requires hepatic and microsomal activation prior to the production of toxic effects. Liver microsomes catalyse the initial synthesis of the reactive1,2-epoxide intermediate which is subsequently oxidised to naphthalene dihydrodiol and alpha-naphthol. The 2-naphthoquinones are thought to produce haemolysis, the 1,2-naphthoquinones arethought to be responsible for producing cataracts in rabbits, and the glutathione-adducts of naphthalene-1,2-oxide are probably responsible for pulmonary toxicity. Suggested treatment regime:
Induce emesis and/or perform gastric lavage with large amounts of warm water where oral poisoning is suspected. Instill a saline cathartic such as magnesium or sodium sulfate in water (15 to 30g). Demulcents such as milk, egg white, gelatin, or other protein solutions may be useful after the stomach is emptied but oils should be avoided because they promote absorption. If eyes/skin contaminated, flush with warm water followed by the application of a bland ointment. Severe anaemia, due to haemolysis, may require small repeated blood transfusions, preferably with red cells from a non-sensitive individual. Where intravascular haemolysis, with haemoglobinuria occurs, protect the kidneys by promoting a brisk flow of dilute urine with, for example, an osmotic diuretic such as mannitol. It may be usefulto alkalinise the urine with small amounts of sodium bicarbonate but many researchers doubt whether this prevents blockage of the renal tubules. Use supportive measures in the case of acute renal failure. GOSSELIN, SMITH HODGE: Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 5th Ed.
For acute or short term repeated exposures to xylene:Gastro-intestinal absorption is significant with ingestions. For ingestions exceeding 1-2 ml (xylene)/kg, intubation and lavage with cuffed endotracheal tube is recommended. The use ofcharcoal and cathartics is equivocal. Pulmonary absorption is rapid with about 60-65% retained at rest. Primary threat to life from ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure. Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes orpoor arterial blood gases (pO2 < 50 mm Hg or pCO2 > 50 mm Hg) should be intubated. Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines and cardiac monitors shouldbe established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improves clearance. A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax.
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Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of potential myocardial sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective bronchodilators (e.g.Alupent, Salbutamol) are the preferred agents, with aminophylline a second choice.
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX - BEIThese represent the determinants observed in specimens collected from a healthy worker exposed at the Exposure Standard (ES or TLV):
Determinant Index Sampling Time CommentsMethylhippu-ric acids in urine 1.5 gm/gm creatinine End of shift
2 mg/min Last 4 hrs of shift
SECTION 5 FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture
Fire Incompatibility Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result
Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters
Fire Fighting
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves in the event of a fire. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area. DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire. Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
See section 8
Environmental precautions
See section 12
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up
Minor Spills
Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately. Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment. Contain and absorb small quantities with vermiculite or other absorbent material. Wipe up. Collect residues in a flammable waste container.
Major Spills
Clear area of personnel and move upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. Stop leak if safe to do so. Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling. Neutralise/decontaminate residue (see Section 13 for specific agent). Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal. Wash area and prevent runoff into drains. After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using. If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.
SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE
Precautions for safe handling
Safe handling
Containers, even those that have been emptied, may contain explosive vapours. Do NOT cut, drill, grind, weld or perform similar operations on or near containers. Electrostatic discharge may be generated during pumping - this may result in fire. Ensure electrical continuity by bonding and grounding (earthing) all equipment. Restrict line velocity during pumping in order to avoid generation of electrostatic discharge (<=1 m/sec until fill pipe submerged to twice its diameter, then<= 7 m/sec). Avoid splash filling. Do NOT use compressed air for filling discharging or handling operations. Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked. DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils.
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Ingredient Material name TEEL-1 TEEL-2 TEEL-3
Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH
Avoid contact with incompatible materials. When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. Keep containers securely sealed when not in use. Avoid physical damage to containers. Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use. Use good occupational work practice. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
Other information
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Suitable containerPolyethylene or polypropylene container. Packing as recommended by manufacturer. Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
Storage incompatibility
Isopropanol (syn: isopropyl alcohol, IPA):forms ketones and unstable peroxides on contact with air or oxygen; the presence of ketones especially methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, 2-butanone) will acceleratethe rate of peroxidation reacts violently with strong oxidisers, powdered aluminium (exothermic), crotonaldehyde, diethyl aluminium bromide (ignition), dioxygenyl tetrafluoroborate(ignition/ ambient temperature), chromium trioxide (ignition), potassium-tert-butoxide (ignition), nitroform (possible explosion), oleum (pressure increased inclosed container), cobalt chloride, aluminium triisopropoxide, hydrogen plus palladium dust (ignition), oxygen gas, phosgene, phosgene plus iron salts(possible explosion), sodium dichromate plus sulfuric acid (exothermic/ incandescence), triisobutyl aluminium reacts with phosphorus trichloride forming hydrogen chloride gas reacts, possibly violently, with alkaline earth and alkali metals, strong acids, strong caustics, acid anhydrides, halogens,aliphatic amines, aluminiumisopropoxide, isocyanates, acetaldehyde, barium perchlorate (forms highly explosive perchloric ester compound), benzoyl peroxide, chromic acid, dialkylzincs, dichlorine oxide, ethylene oxide (possible explosion), hexamethylene diisocyanate (possible explosion), hydrogen peroxide (forms explosivecompound), hypochlorous acid, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, lithium aluminium hydride, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogentetraoxide (possible explosion), pentafluoroguanidine, perchloric acid (especially hot), permonosulfuric acid, phosphorus pentasulfide, tangerine oil,triethylaluminium, triisobutylaluminium, trinitromethane attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings reacts with metallic aluminium at high temperature may generate electrostatic charges
Xylenes:may ignite or explode in contact with strong oxidisers, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, uranium fluoride attack some plastics, rubber and coatings may generate electrostatic charges on flow or agitation due to low conductivity. Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between aromatic rings and strong oxidising agents. Aromatics can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds.
For alkyl aromatics:The alkyl side chain of aromatic rings can undergo oxidation byseveral mechanisms. The most common and dominant one is the attack by oxidationat benzyliccarbon as the intermediate formed is stabilised by resonancestructure of the ring.
Following reaction with oxygen and under the influence of sunlight, a hydroperoxide at the alpha-position to the aromatic ring, is the primary oxidation productformed (provided a hydrogen atom is initially available at this position) - this product is often short-lived but may be stable dependent on the nature of thearomatic substitution; a secondary C-H bond is more easily attacked than a primary C-H bond whilst a tertiary C-H bond is even more susceptible to attackby oxygenMonoalkylbenzenes may subsequently form monocarboxylic acids; alkyl naphthalenes mainly produce the corresponding naphthalene carboxylic acids.Oxidation in the presence of transition metal salts not only accelerates but also selectively decomposes the hydroperoxides.Hock-rearrangement by the influence of strong acids converts the hydroperoxides to hemiacetals. Peresters formed from the hydroperoxides undergoCriegee rearrangement easily.Alkali metals accelerate the oxidation while CO2 as co-oxidant enhances the selectivity.Microwave conditions give improved yields of the oxidation products.Photo-oxidation products may occur following reaction with hydroxyl radicals and NOx - these may be components of photochemical smogs.
Oxidation of Alkylaromatics: T.S.S Rao and Shubhra Awasthi:E-Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No. 1, pp 1-13 January 2007Propane:
reacts violently with strong oxidisers, barium peroxide, chlorine dioxide, dichlorine oxide, fluorine etc. liquid attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings may accumulate static charges which may ignite its vapours
SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Control parameters
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (OEL)
INGREDIENT DATA
Not Available
EMERGENCY LIMITS
Multi Purpose Lube Not Available Not Available Not Available Not Available
Ethylbenzene Not Available Not Available
n-Nonane Not Available Not Available
Xylene (mixed isomers) Not Available Not Available
Paraffin waxes (petroleum),hydrotreated
Not Available Not Available
Isopropanol Not Available Not Available
Petroleum gases, liquefied Not Available Not Available
Stoddard solvent Not Available Not Available
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Naphthalene Not Available Not Available
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Not Available Not Available
MATERIAL DATA
For liquefied petroleum gases (LPG):TLV TWA: 1000 ppm, 1800 mg/m3 (as LPG)ES TWA: 1000 ppm, 1800 mg/m3 (as LPG)OES TWA: 1000 ppm, 1750 mg/m3; STEL: 1250 ppm, 2180 mg/m3 (as LPG)IDLH Level: 2000 ppm (lower explosive limit)No chronic systemic effects have been reported from occupational exposure to LPG. The TLV-TWA is based on good hygiene practices and is thought to minimise the risk of fire or explosion.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=0.16 (hydrocarbon propellant)
For paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes a complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum fractions by solvent crystallisation:TLV TWA: 2 mg/m3 for naphthalene:Odour Threshold Value: 0.038 ppmThe TLV-TWA is thought to be low enough to prevent ocular toxicity but the margin of safety associated with the TLV for hypersusceptible individuals (with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasedefective erythrocytes) to naphthalene-induced blood dyscrasias is unknown. Individual sensitivity to inhaled naphthalene-induced haemotoxicity varies greatly with even small doses producingacute haemolysis in some.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=1.2E2 (NAPHTHALENE)
For n-nonane and isomers:Odour Threshold: 47 ppmInhalation of high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons produces central nervous system depression leading to coma with inhibition of deep tendon reflexes. The TLV-TWA is protective againstnarcotic effectsproduced at higher concentrations.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=4.3 (n-NONANE)
For white spirit:Low and high odour thresholds of 5.25 and 157.5 mg/m3, respectively, were considered to provide a rather useful index of odour as a warning property.The TLV-TWA is calculated from data on the toxicities of the major ingredients and is intended to minimise the potential for irritative and narcotic effects, polyneuropathy and kidney damageproduced by vapours.The NIOSH (USA) REL-TWA of 60 ppm is the same for all refined petroleum solvents. NIOSH published an occupational 'action level' of 350 mg/m3 for exposure to Stoddard solvent, assuming a10-hour work shift and a 40-hour work-week. The NIOSH-REL ceiling of 1800 mg/m3 was established to protect workers from short-term effects that might produce vertigo or other adverse effectswhich might increase the risk of occupational accidents. Combined (gross) percutaneous absorption and inhalation exposure (at concentrations associated with nausea) are thought, by some, tobe responsible for the development of frank hepatic toxicity and jaundice.Odour Safety Factor (OSF)OSF=0.042 (white spirit)Odour threshold: 0.25 ppm.The TLV-TWA is protective against ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation and is recommended for bulk handling of gasoline based on calculations of hydrocarbon content of gasoline vapour.A STEL is recommended to prevent mucous membrane and ocular irritation and prevention of acute depression of the central nervous system. Because of the wide variation in molecular weights ofits components, the conversion of ppm to mg/m3 is approximate. Sweden recommends hexane type limits of 100 ppm and heptane and octane type limits of 300 ppm. Germany does not assign avalue because of the widely differing compositions and resultant differences in toxic properties.Odour Safety Factor (OSF)OSF=0.042 (gasoline)For trimethyl benzene as mixed isomers (of unstated proportions)Odour Threshold Value: 2.4 ppm (detection)Use care in interpreting effects as a single isomer or other isomer mix. Trimethylbenzene is an eye, nose and respiratory irritant. High concentrations cause central nervous system depression.Exposed workers show CNS changes, asthmatic bronchitis and blood dyscrasias at 60 ppm. The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against the significant risk of CNS excitation, asthmaticbronchitis and blood dyscrasias associated with exposures above the limit.Odour Safety Factor (OSF)OSF=10 (1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE)
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:Class OSF DescriptionA 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals are aware by smell that the Exposure Standard (TLV-TWA for example) is being reached, even when distracted by working activitiesB 26-550 As 'A' for 50-90% of persons being distractedC 1-26 As 'A' for less than 50% of persons being distractedD 0.18-1 10-50% of persons aware of being tested perceive by smell that the Exposure Standard is being reachedE <0.18 As 'D' for less than 10% of persons aware of being testedfor ethyl benzene:Odour Threshold Value: 0.46-0.60 ppmNOTE: Detector tubes for ethylbenzene, measuring in excess of 30 ppm, are commercially available.Ethyl benzene produces irritation of the skin and mucous membranes and appears to produce acute and chronic effects on the central nervous system. Animal experiments also suggest the effectsof chronic exposure include damage to the liver, kidneys and testes. In spite of structural similarities to benzene, the material does not appear to cause damage to the haemopoietic system. TheTLV-TWA is thought to be protective against skin and eye irritation. Exposure at this concentration probably will not result in systemic effects.Subjects exposed at 200 ppm experienced transient irritation of the eyes; at 1000 ppm there was eye irritation with profuse lachrymation; at 2000 ppm eye irritation and lachrymation were immediateand severe accompanied by moderate nasal irritation, constriction in the chest and vertigo; at 5000 ppm exposure produced intolerable irritation of the eyes and throat.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=43 (ETHYL BENZENE)
for xylenes:IDLH Level: 900 ppmOdour Threshold Value: 20 ppm (detection), 40 ppm (recognition)NOTE: Detector tubes for o-xylene, measuring in excess of 10 ppm, are available commercially. (m-xylene and p-xylene give almost the same response).
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Xylene vapour is an irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and skin and causes narcosis at high concentrations. Exposure to doses sufficiently high to produce intoxication and unconsciousnessalso produces transient liver and kidney toxicity. Neurologic impairment is NOT evident amongst volunteers inhaling up to 400 ppm though complaints of ocular and upper respiratory tract irritationoccur at 200 ppm for 3 to 5 minutes.Exposure to xylene at or below the recommended TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the risk of irritant effects and to produce neither significant narcosis or chronic injury. An earlier skinnotation was deleted because percutaneous absorption is gradual and protracted and does not substantially contribute to the dose received by inhalation.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=4 (XYLENE)
Odour Threshold Value: 3.3 ppm (detection), 7.6 ppm (recognition)Exposure at or below the recommended isopropanol TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the potential for inducing narcotic effects or significant irritation of the eyes or upper respiratorytract. It is believed, in the absence of hard evidence, that this limit also provides protection against the development of chronic health effects. The limit is intermediate to that set for ethanol, which isless toxic, and n-propyl alcohol, which is more toxic, than isopropanolNOTE M: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.005% w/w benzo[a]pyrene (EINECS No 200-028-5). This note applies only tocertain complex oil-derived substances in Annex IV.European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up tothe latest ATPNOTE K: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.1%w/w 1,3-butadiene (EINECS No 203-450-8). - European Union (EU)List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up to the latest ATPNOTE P: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.01% w/w benzene (EINECS No 200-753-7). Note E shall also apply when thesubstance is classified as a carcinogen. This note applies only to certain complex oil-derived substances in Annex VI.European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up tothe latest ATP
Exposure controls
Appropriate engineeringcontrols
Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highlyeffective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection.The basic types of engineering controls are:Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard 'physically' away from the worker and ventilation that strategically 'adds' and'removes' air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must matchthe particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.
Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection.Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is essential to ensure adequate protection.An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations.Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying 'escape' velocities which, inturn, determine the 'capture velocities' of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air).0.25-0.5 m/s (50-100f/min.)
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low speed conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift, platingacid fumes, pickling (released at low velocity into zone of active generation)
0.5-1 m/s (100-200f/min.)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generation intozone of rapid air motion)
1-2.5 m/s (200-500f/min.)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial velocity into zone of very high rapidair motion).
2.5-10 m/s (500-2000f/min.)
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the squareof distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference todistance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction ofsolvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extractionapparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Personal protection
Eye and face protection
Safety glasses with side shields.Chemical goggles.Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing oflenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class ofchemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should bereadily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removedat the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSHCurrent Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]
Skin protection See Hand protection below
Hands/feet protectionWear chemical protective gloves, e.g. PVC. Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, e.g. Rubber
Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the: 'Forsberg Clothing Performance Index'. The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the computer-generated selection: Multi Purpose Lube
Material CPI
BUTYL C
BUTYL/NEOPRENE C
HYPALON C
NAT+NEOPR+NITRILE C
NATURAL RUBBER C
NATURAL+NEOPRENE C
NEOPRENE C
NEOPRENE/NATURAL C
NITRILE C
NITRILE+PVC C
PE/EVAL/PE C
PVA C
PVC C
PVDC/PE/PVDC C
TEFLON C
VITON C
* CPI - Chemwatch Performance IndexA: Best SelectionB: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersionC: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersionNOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove, a finalselection must be based on detailed observation. -* Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis, factors such as'feel' or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice of gloves which might otherwisebe unsuitable following long-term or frequent use. A qualified practitioner should be consulted.
Respiratory protection
Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in areas ofunknown vapour concentrations or oxygen content. The wearer must be warned toleave the contaminated area immediately on detecting any odours through therespirator. The odour may indicate that the mask is not functioning properly, that thevapour concentration is too high, or that the mask is not properly fitted. Because ofthese limitations, only restricted use of cartridge respirators is consideredappropriate.
SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
Appearance Text
Physical state Compressed Gas Relative density (Water = 1) 0.80
Odour Not AvailablePartition coefficient
n-octanol / waterNot Available
Odour threshold Not AvailableAuto-ignition temperature
(°C)Not Available
pH (as supplied) Not AvailableDecomposition
temperatureNot Available
Melting point / freezingpoint (°C)
Not Available Viscosity (cSt) < 14
Initial boiling point andboiling range (°C)
Not Available Molecular weight (g/mol) Not Available
Flash point (°C) 16 Taste Not Available
Evaporation rate Not Available Explosive properties Not Available
Flammability HIGHLY FLAMMABLE. Oxidising properties Not Available
Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not AvailableSurface Tension (dyn/cm or
mN/m)Not Available
Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Volatile Component (%vol) 86
Vapour pressure (kPa) Not Available Gas group Not Available
Solubility in water (g/L) Not Applicable pH as a solution (1%) Not Available
Vapour density (Air = 1) >1 VOC g/L Not Available
Chemwatch: 9-338217
Catalogue number: 49
Version No: 1.4
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SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Reactivity See section 7
Chemical stability Product is considered stable and hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Possibility of hazardousreactions
See section 7
Conditions to avoid See section 7
Incompatible materials See section 7
Hazardous decompositionproducts
See section 5
SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Information on toxicological effects
Inhaled
Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of theindividual.Limited evidence or practical experience suggests that the material may produce irritation of the respiratory system, in a significant number of individuals,following inhalation. In contrast to most organs, the lung is able to respond to a chemical insult by first removing or neutralising the irritant and then repairingthe damage. The repair process, which initially evolved to protect mammalian lungs from foreign matter and antigens, may however, produce further lungdamage resulting in the impairment of gas exchange, the primary function of the lungs. Respiratory tract irritation often results in an inflammatory responseinvolving the recruitment and activation of many cell types, mainly derived from the vascular system.The acute toxicity of inhaled alkylbenzenes is best described by central nervous system depression. As a rule, these compounds may also act as generalanaesthetics.Systemic poisoning produced by general anaesthesia is characterised by lightheadedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness,drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting and sensations of heat, cold or numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness andrespiratory depression and arrest. Cardiac arrest may result from cardiovascular collapse. Bradycardia, and hypotension may also be produced.Inhaled alkylbenzene vapours cause death in animals at air levels that are relatively similar (typically LC50s are in the range 5000 -8000 ppm for 4 to 8 hourexposures). It is likely that acute inhalation exposure to alkylbenzenes resembles that to general anaesthetics.Alkylbenzenes are not generally toxic other than at high levels of exposure. This may be because their metabolites have a low order of toxicity and are easilyexcreted. There is little or no evidence to suggest that metabolic pathways can become saturated leading to spillover to alternate pathways. Nor is thereevidence that toxic reactive intermediates, which may produce subsequent toxic or mutagenic effects, are formedAcute effects from inhalation of high concentrations of vapour are pulmonary irritation, including coughing, with nausea; central nervous system depression -characterised by headache and dizziness, increased reaction time, fatigue and loss of co-ordinationCentral nervous system (CNS) depression may include nonspecific discomfort, symptoms of giddiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects,slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may result in respiratory depression and may be fatal.A significant number of individuals exposed to mixed trimethylbenzenes complained of nervousness, tension, anxiety and asthmatic bronchitis. Peripheral bloodshowed a tendency to hypochromic anaemia and a deviation from normal in coagulability of the blood. Hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from 10 to 60 ppm.Contamination of the mixture with benzene may have been responsible for the blood dyscrasias.High concentrations of mesitylene vapour (5000 to 9000 ppm) caused central nervous system depression in mice. Similar exposures of pseudocumene alsoproduced evidence of CNS involvement.Concentratednonane vapours may cause irritation of the nose and throat, headache,drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, nausea, tremors, incoordinationanddifficulty in breathing. Very high concentrations may cause unconsciousness anddeath.Exposure to white spirit, in a controlled inhalation study using volunteers either at rest or during exercise, (1000 or 2500 mg/m3 for 30 minutes) produced alinear relationship between alveolar and arterial concentrations of the individual solvent components. Pulmonary absorption of the aliphatics ranged from46-59%, whilst that of aromatic ranged from 58-70%. Although systemic absorption was greater during exercise, the proportion of circulating aliphatic toaromatic components decreased with increased activity. Exposure to 2500 - 5000 mg/m3 produces nausea and vertigo.The odour of isopropanol may give some warning of exposure, but odour fatigue may occur. Inhalation of isopropanol may produce irritation of the nose andthroat with sneezing, sore throat and runny nose. The effects in animals subject to a single exposure, by inhalation, included inactivity or anaesthesia andhistopathological changes in the nasal canal and auditory canal.
Inhalation of naphthalene vapour has been associated with headache, loss of appetite and nausea. Other conditions associated with exposure to the vapourinclude optic neuritis, corneal injury and kidney damage. Animals exposed to aerosols of a refined commercial solvent mixture consisting primarily ofmono-methylated naphthalenes, exhibited dyspnoea. When animals were exposed to this mixture for 27 daily one-hour exposures over a 35-day period, theyshowed dyspnoea, listlessness, prostration and marked salivation. Weight loss was evident in mice but not in other species. Pathological changes occurred inthe lungs, liver and skin. Pulmonary changes consisted mainly of oedema, bronchopneumonia, emphysema, and thickening of the parabronchiolar alveolarsepta. Haematology did not identify significant changes.
Headache, fatigue, lassitude, irritability and gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, anorexia and flatulence) are the most common symptoms of xyleneoverexposure. Injury to the heart, liver, kidneys and nervous system has also been noted amongst workers. Transient memory loss, renal impairment, temporaryconfusion and some evidence of disturbance of liver function was reported in three workers overcome by gross exposure to xylene (10000 ppm). One workerdied and autopsy revealed pulmonary congestion, oedema and focal alveolar haemorrhage. Volunteers inhaling xylene at 100 ppm for 5 to 6 hours showedchanges in manual coordination reaction time and slight ataxia. Tolerance developed during the workweek but was lost over the weekend. Physical exercise mayantagonise this effect. Xylene body burden in humans exposed to 100 or 200 ppm xylene in air depends on the amount of body fat with 4% to 8% of total absorbedxylene accumulating in adipose tissue.Xylene is a central nervous system depressant. Central nervous system (CNS) depression may include nonspecific discomfort, symptoms of giddiness,headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects, slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may resultin respiratory depression and may be fatal.
Ingestion
Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration of vomit into the lungs with the risk of haemorrhaging, pulmonary oedema, progressing to chemical pneumonitis;serious consequences may result.Signs and symptoms of chemical (aspiration) pneumonitis may include coughing, gasping, choking, burning of the mouth, difficult breathing, and bluishcoloured skin (cyanosis).Following ingestion, a single exposure to isopropyl alcohol produced lethargy and non-specific effects such as weight loss and irritation. Ingestion ofnear-lethal doses of isopropanol produces histopathological changes of the stomach, lungs and kidneys, incoordination, lethargy, gastrointestinal tractirritation, and inactivity or anaesthesia.Swallowing 10 ml. of isopropanol may cause serious injury; 100 ml. may be fatal if not promptly treated. The adult single lethal doses is approximately 250 ml.The toxicity of isopropanol is twice that of ethanol and the symptoms of intoxication appear to be similar except for the absence of an initial euphoric effect;gastritis and vomiting are more prominent. Ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.There is evidence that a slight tolerance to isopropanol may be acquired.
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Ingestion of naphthalene and its congeners may produce abdominal cramps with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, profuse perspiration, listlessness,confusion, and in severe poisonings, coma with or without convulsions. Irritation of the urinary bladder may also occur (presumably due to the excretoryproducts of naphthalene metabolism) and produce urgency, dysuria, and the passage of brown or black urine with or without albumin or casts. These effectsmay disappear within a few days and have not been associated with haemolysis which is a prominent finding in naphthalene poisoning. Severe naphthalenepoisoning in humans produces haemoglobinuria, methaemoglobinaemia, the production of Heinz bodies and death. Methaemoglobinemia produces a form ofoxygen starvation (anoxia). Symptoms include cyanosis (a bluish discolouration skin and mucous membranes) and breathing difficulties. Symptoms may not beevident until several hours after exposure. At about 15% concentration of blood methaemoglobin there is observable cyanosis of the lips, nose and earlobes.Symptoms may be absent although euphoria, flushed face and headache are commonly experienced. At 25-40%, cyanosis is marked but little disability occursother than that produced on physical exertion. At 40-60%, symptoms include weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, increasingly severe headache, ataxia, rapidshallow respiration, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy and stupor. Above 60% symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, tachycardiaor bradycardia, and convulsions. Levels exceeding 70% may be fatal. In those who survive haemotoxic effects, life-threatening acute renal failure, secondary torenal blockade, occurs. The acute lethal dose of naphthalene is estimated to be between 5 and 15 grams, although certain susceptible individuals have diedafter ingestion of a total dose of 2 grams. Hypersusceptibility, based on congenital deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, has beenidentified and is more common amongst Asians, Arabs, Caucasians of Latin ancestry and American and African blacks; males in particular are sensitive.
Skin Contact
Repeated exposure may cause skin cracking, flaking or drying following normal handling and use.
Limited evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material either produces inflammation of the skin in a substantial number of individualsfollowing direct contact, and/or produces significant inflammation when applied to the healthy intact skin of animals, for up to four hours, such inflammationbeing present twenty-four hours or more after the end of the exposure period. Skin irritation may also be present after prolonged or repeated exposure; this mayresult in a form of contact dermatitis (nonallergic). The dermatitis is often characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling (oedema) which mayprogress to blistering (vesiculation), scaling and thickening of the epidermis. At the microscopic level there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer ofthe skin (spongiosis) and intracellular oedema of the epidermis.
The liquid may be miscible with fats or oils and may degrease the skin, producing a skin reaction described as non-allergic contact dermatitis. The material isunlikely to produce an irritant dermatitis as described in EC Directives .The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition511ipa
Workers sensitised to naphthalene and its congeners show exfoliative dermatitis. Hypersensitivity, with positive patch tests, has been demonstrated in certainindividuals. Percutaneous absorption is apparently inadequate to produce acute systemic reactions, except in new-born babies. Tests with a refined commercialliquid grade of methylnaphthalene (MN), placed under a patch for 48 hours on human skin produced slight to moderate reactions. In rabbits, a single dermalexposure to MN produced loss of appetite (anorexia). Repeated application of the refined commercial grade of MN to rabbit skin at 1-4 mg/kg/day for up to 21days produced severe skin irritation and necrosis. Anorexia, moderate weight loss and fatalities were also recorded. Pathological changes in one animal wereidentified in the liver, stomach, heart, bone marrow, spleen, thyroid and thigh muscle. In another animal there was moderate hyperplasia of the bone marrow andthyroid. Photosensitisation has been recorded amongst workers exposed to naphthalene. An abnormal adverse reaction to ultraviolet (UV) and/or visibleradiation results in sun-burn like responses or oedematous, vesiculated lesions or bullae.Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this materialEntry into the blood-stream through, for example, cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine theskin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
Eye
Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/or may produce significantocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimental animals.Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis);temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.Isopropanol vapour may cause mild eye irritation at 400 ppm. Splashes may cause severe eye irritation, possible corneal burns and eye damage. Eye contactmay cause tearing or blurring of vision.
Exposure to naphthalene and its congeners has produced cataracts in animals and workers. In one study, eight of twenty-one workers, exposed to naphthalenefor 5-years, showed opacities of the lens.
Chronic
Long-term exposure to the product is not thought to produce chronic effects adverse to health (as classified by EC Directives using animal models);nevertheless exposure by all routes should be minimised as a matter of course.Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying with cracking, irritation and possible dermatitis following.On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed by at least one classification body that the material may produce carcinogenic ormutagenic effects; in respect of the available information, however, there presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactory assessment.Prolonged or repeated contact with xylenes may cause defatting dermatitis with drying and cracking. Chronic inhalation of xylenes has been associated withcentral nervous system effects, loss of appetite, nausea, ringing in the ears, irritability, thirst anaemia, mucosal bleeding, enlarged liver and hyperplasia.Exposure may produce kidney and liver damage. In chronic occupational exposure, xylene (usually mix ed with other solvents) has produced irreversible damageto the central nervous system and ototoxicity (damages hearing and increases sensitivity to noise), probably due to neurotoxic mechanisms.Industrial workers exposed to xylene with a maximum level of ethyl benzene of 0.06 mg/l (14 ppm) reported headaches and irritability and tired quickly. Functionalnervous system disturbances were found in some workers employed for over 7 years whilst other workers had enlarged livers. Xylene has been classed as a developmental toxin in some jurisdictions.Small excess risks of spontaneous abortion and congenital malformation were reported amongst women exposed to xylene in the first trimester of pregnancy. Inall cases, however, the women were also been exposed to other substances. Evaluation of workers chronically exposed to xylene has demonstrated lack ofgenotoxicity. Exposure to xylene has been associated with increased risks of haemopoietic malignancies but, again, simultaneous exposure to other substances(including benzene) complicates the picture. A long-term gavage study to mixed xylenes (containing 17% ethyl benzene) found no evidence of carcinogenicactivity in rats and mice of either sex.Long term or repeated ingestion exposure of isopropanol may produce incoordination, lethargy and reduced weight gain.
Repeated inhalation exposure to isopropanol may produce narcosis, incoordination and liver degeneration. Animal data show developmental effects only atexposure levels that produce toxic effects in the adult animals. Isopropanol does not cause genetic damage in bacterial or mammalian cell cultures or inanimals.
There are inconclusive reports of human sensitisation from skin contact with isopropanol. Chronic alcoholics are more tolerant of systemic isopropanol thanare persons who do not consume alcohol; alcoholics have survived as much as 500 ml. of 70% isopropanol.
Continued voluntary drinking of a 2.5% aqueous solution through two successive generations of rats produced no reproductive effects.NOTE: Commercial isopropanol does not contain 'isopropyl oil'. An excess incidence of sinus and laryngeal cancers in isopropanol production workers hasbeen shown to be caused by the byproduct 'isopropyl oil'. Changes in the production processes now ensure that no byproduct is formed. Production changesinclude use of dilute sulfuric acid at higher temperatures.In a two-year inhalation study, groups of mice were exposed at 0, 10 or 30 ppm naphthalene, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 103 weeks. Female mice showed anincrease of pulmonary alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas at 30 ppm. There was no increase in the incidence of tumours in male mice. Naphthalene inhalation wasassociated with an increase in the incidence and severity of chronic inflammation, metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium, and hyperplasia of the respiratoryepithelium in the nose, and chronic inflammation of the lungs of both sexes.
Multi Purpose Lube TOXICITY IRRITATION
Chemwatch: 9-338217
Catalogue number: 49
Version No: 1.4
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#551benztrimeth#55petrol[2] Not Available
Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified dataextracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances
Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity
Skin Irritation/Corrosion Reproductivity
Serious EyeDamage/Irritation
STOT - Single Exposure
Respiratory or Skinsensitisation
STOT - Repeated Exposure
Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard
Legend: – Data available but does not fill the criteria for classification – Data available to make classification
– Data Not Available to make classification
SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Toxicity
Ingredient Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source
Not Available Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
Legend:Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity 3. EPIWIN Suite V3.12 -Aquatic Toxicity Data (Estimated) 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) -Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data
Harmful to aquatic organisms. For 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene:Half-life (hr) air : 0.48-16Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 0.24-672Half-life (hr) H2O ground : 336-1344Half-life (hr) soil : 168-672Henry's Pa m3 /mol: 385-627Bioaccumulation : not significant1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is a volatile organic compound (VOC) substance. As a VOC, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene can contribute to the formation of photochemical smog in the presence of otherVOCs. Environmental fate:Transport: ,1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene volatilises rapidly from surface waters as predicted by a Henry's law constant of 5.18 x 10-3 (vapor pressure, 2.03 mm Hg). The volatilisation half-life from amodel river is calculated to be 3.4 hours. The chemical also volatilises from soils, however, based on an estimated Koc of 472, moderate adsorption to soils and sediments may occur Transformation/PersistenceAir - Degradation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in the atmosphere occurs by reaction with hydroxyl radicals Reaction also occurs with ozone but very slowly (half life, 8820 days) In the atmosphere, twoestimates of the half-life are approximately 6 hours and, in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, 0.5 days Soil - Volatilisation is the major route of removal of 1,2,4- trimethylbenzene from soils; although, biodegradation may also occur Due to the high volatility of the chemical it is unlikely to accumulatein soil or surface water to toxic concentrationsWater - Because of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene's water solubility and its vapor pressure of 2.03 mm Hg, the chemical will rapidly volatilise from surface waters Biodegradation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene occurred with inoculums from both seawater and ground water Various strains of Pseudomonas can biodegrade 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Biota - The estimated bioconcentration factor (439) and high volatility of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene indicates that bioaccumulation of the chemical will not be significantEcotoxicity:Fish LC50 (96 h): fathead minnow 7.72 mg/lNo stress was observed in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout, fingerling) or Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey, larvae) at 5 mg/L for 24 hours Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h): 3.61 mg/lCancer magister (dungeness crab) LC50 996 h): 5.1 mg/l1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic organisms; acute toxicity values fall within the range of greater than 1 mg/L and 100 mg/L. LC50 values for specific aquaticorganisms range from approximately 5 to 8 mg/L which is orders of magnitude greater than any measured concentration in seawater (0.002 - 0.54 microgram/L) The high concentrations requiredto induce toxicity in laboratory animals are not likely to be reached in the environment. Within an aromatic series, acute toxicity increases with increasing alkyl substitution on the aromatic nucleus. For example, there is an increase in toxicity as alkylation of the naphthalene structureincreases. The order of most toxic to least in a study using grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) was dimethylnaphthalenes > methylnaphthalenes>naphthalenes.Studies conclude that the toxicity of an oil appears to be a function of its di-aromatic and tri-aromatic hydrocarbons, which includes three-ring hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene.The heavier (4-, 5-, and 6-ring) PAHs are more persistent than the lighter (2- and 3-ring) PAHs and tend to have greater carcinogenic and other chronic impact potential. PAHs in general aremore frequently associated with chronic risks. These risks include cancer and often are the result of exposures to complex mixtures of chronic-risk aromatics (such as PAHs, alkyl PAHs,benzenes, and alkyl benzenes), rather than exposures to low levels of a single compound.Anthrcene is a phototoxic PAH . UV light greatly increases the toxicity of anthracene to bluegill sunfish. . Benchmarks developed in the absence of UV light may be under-protective, and biologicalresources in strong sunlight are at more risk than those that are not.For isopropanol (IPA):log Kow : -0.16- 0.28Half-life (hr) air : 33-84Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 130Henry's atm m3 /mol: 8.07E-06BOD 5: 1.19,60%COD : 1.61-2.30,97%ThOD : 2.4BOD 20: >70% * [Akzo Nobel]Environmental FateBased on calculated results from a lever 1 fugacity model,IPA isexpected to partition primarily to the aquatic compartment (77.7%) with theremainder to the air (22.3%). IPA has been shown tobiodegrade rapidly in aerobic,aqueous biodegradation tests and therefore, would not be expected to persist inaquatic habitats. IPA is also not expected to persist in surface soils due torapidevaporation to the air. In the air, physical degradation will occurrapidly due to hydroxyradical (OH) attack. Overall, IPA presents a low potential hazardto aquatic or terrestrial biota.IPA is expected to volatilise slowly from water based on acalculated Henry’s Law constant of 7.52 x 10 -6 atm.m 3 /mole. The calculatedhalf-life for the volatilisation from surface water (1 meterdepth) ispredicted to range from 4 days (from a river) to 31 days (from a lake).Hydrolysis is not considered a significant degradation process for IPA.However, aerobic biodegradation of IPA hasbeen shown to occur rapidly undernon-acclimated conditions, based on a result of 49% biodegradation from a 5 dayBOD test. Additional biodegradation data developed using standardized
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testmethods show that IPA is readily biodegradable in both freshwater and saltwatermedia (72 to 78% biodegradation in 20 days).IPA will evaporate quickly from soil due to its high vaporpressure (43 hPa at 20°C), and is not expected to partition to the soil basedon a calculated soil adsorption coefficient (log Koc) of 0.03.IPA has the potential to leach through the soil due to its lowsoil adsorptionIn the air, isopropanol is subject to oxidation predominantly byhydroxy radical attack. The room temperature rate constants determined byseveral investigators are in good agreement for the reactionof IPA withhydroxy radicals. The atmospheric half-life is expected to be 10 to 25 hours,based on measured degradation rates ranging from 5.1 to 7.1 x 10 -12 cm3/molecule-sec, and an OHconcentration of 1.5 x 106 molecule/cm3 , which is a commonlyused default value for calculating atmospheric half-lives. Using OHconcentrations representative of polluted (3 x 106 ) and pristine (3x 105 )air, the atmospheric half-life of IPA would range from 9 to 126 hours,respectively. Direct photolysis is not expected to be an importanttransformation process for the degradation of IPA.Ecotoxicity:IPA has been shown to have a low order of acute aquatic toxicity.Results from 24- to 96-hour LC50 studies range from 1,400 to more than 10,000mg/L for freshwater and saltwater fish andinvertebrates. In addition, 16-hourto 8-day toxicity threshold levels (equivalent to 3% inhibition in cell growth)ranging from 104 to 4,930 mg/L have been demonstrated for variousmicroorganisms.Chronic aquatic toxicity has also been shown to be of low concern,based on 16- to 21-day NOEC values of 141 to 30 mg/L, respectively, for afreshwater invertebrate. Bioconcentration of IPA inaquatic organisms is notexpected to occur based on a measured log octanol/water partition coefficient(log Kow) of 0.05, a calculated bioconcentration factor of 1 for a freshwaterfish, and theunlikelihood of constant, long-term exposures.Toxicity to PlantsToxicity of IPA to plants is expected to be low, based on a 7-daytoxicity threshold value of 1,800 mg/L for a freshwater algae, and an EC50value of 2,100 mg/L from a lettuce seed germination test.For xylenes :log Koc : 2.05-3.08Koc : 25.4-204Half-life (hr) air : 0.24-42Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 24-672Half-life (hr) H2O ground : 336-8640Half-life (hr) soil : 52-672Henry's Pa m3 /mol: 637-879Henry's atm m3 /mol: 7.68E-03BOD 5 if unstated: 1.4,1%COD : 2.56,13%ThOD : 3.125BCF : 23log BCF : 1.17-2.41Environmental FateTerrestrial fate:: Measured Koc values of 166 and 182, indicate that 3-xylene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilisation of p-xylene is expected to be important from moist soilsurfaces given a measured Henry's Law constant of 7.18x10-3 atm-cu m/mole. The potential for volatilisation of 3-xylene from dry soil surfaces may exist based on a measured vapor pressure of8.29 mm Hg. p-Xylene may be degraded during its passage through soil). The extent of the degradation is expected to depend on its concentration, residence time in the soil, the nature of the soil,and whether resident microbial populations have been acclimated. p-Xylene, present in soil samples contaminated with jet fuel, was completely degraded aerobically within 5 days. In aquifer studiesunder anaerobic conditions, p-xylene was degraded, usually within several weeks, with the production of 3-methylbenzylfumaric acid, 3-methylbenzylsuccinic acid, 3-methylbenzoate, and3-methylbenzaldehyde as metabolites. Aquatic fate: Koc values indicate that p-xylene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water. p-Xylene is expected to volatilise from water surfaces based on the measured Henry's Lawconstant. Estimated volatilisation half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. BCF values of 14.8, 23.4, and 6, measured in goldfish, eels, and clams,respectively, indicate that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. p-Xylene in water with added humic substances was 50% degraded following 3 hours irradiation suggesting that indirectphotooxidation in the presence of humic acids may play an important role in the abiotic degradation of p-xylene. Although p-xylene is biodegradable and has been observed to degrade in pond water,there are insufficient data to assess the rate of this process in surface waters. p-Xylene has been observed to degrade in anaerobic and aerobic groundwater in several studies; however, it is knownto persist for many years in groundwater, at least at sites where the concentration might have been quite high. Atmospheric fate: Most xylenes released to the environment will occur in the atmosphere and volatilisation is the dominant environmental fate process. In the ambient atmosphere, xylenes are expected to exist solelyin the vapour phase. Xylenes are degraded in the atmosphere primarily by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, with an estimated atmospheric lifetime of about 0.5 to 2 days.Xylenes' susceptibility to photochemical oxidation in the troposphere is to the extent that they may contribute to photochemical smog formation.According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and from its vapour pressure, p-xylene, is expected to exist solely as a vapour in the ambientatmosphere. Vapour-phase p-xylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 16hours. A half-life of 1.0 hr in summer and 10 hr in winter was measured for the reaction of p-xylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. p-Xylene has a moderately high photochemicalreactivity under smog conditions, higher than the other xylene isomers, with loss rates varying from 9-42% per hr. The photooxidation of p-xylene results in the production of carbon monoxide,formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-methylbenzylnitrate, m-tolualdehyde, 4-nitro-3-xylene, 5-nitro-3-xylene, 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 6-nitro-2,4-dimethylphenol,2,6-dimethylphenol, and 4-nitro-2,6-dimethylphenol.Ecotoxicity:for xylenesFish LC50 (96 h) Pimephales promelas 13.4 mg/l; Oncorhyncus mykiss 8.05 mg/l; Lepomis macrochirus 16.1 mg/l (all flow through values); Pimephales promelas 26.7 (static)Daphnia EC50 948 h): 3.83 mg/lPhotobacterium phosphoreum EC50 (24 h): 0.0084 mg/lGammarus lacustris LC50 (48 h): 0.6 mg/l
for naphthalene:Environmental fate:Naphthalene released to the atmosphere may be transported tosurface water and/or soil by wet or dry deposition. Since most airbornenaphthalene is in the vapor phase, deposition is expected to bevery slow(about 0.04–0.06 cm/sec). It has been estimated that about 2–3% of naphthaleneemitted to air is transported to other environmental media, mostly by dry deposition.Naphthalene in surface water may volatilise to the atmosphere. Therate of volatilization also depends upon several environmental conditions,including temperature, wind velocity, and mixing rates ofthe air and watercolumns.Log octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) for naphthalenerange from 3.29 to 3.37 and log organic carbon coefficients (Koc) range from2.97 to 3.27. The reported experimentally determined logKoc is 3.11. Based on the magnitude of these values, it is expected that only a smallfraction (<10%) of naphthalene in typical surface water would be associatedwith particulate matter. Thus,naphthalene discharged to surface waters wouldremain largely in solution, with smaller quantities being associated withsuspended solids and benthic sediments.Naphthalene is easily volatilized from aerated soils and isadsorbed to a moderate extent (10%) . The extent of sorption depends on theorganic carbon content of the soil, with rapid movementexpected through sandysoils. The estimated soil adsorption coefficient for naphthalene in a soil with<0.6% organic carbon is 1.8 . Because it adsorbs to aquifer material,naphthalene's passagethrough groundwater will be somewhat retarded. However,sorption of naphthalene to aquifer materials with low organic carbon content(<0.03%) may be enhanced by the presence of nonioniclow-polarity organics,such as tetrachloroethene, commonly found at hazardous waste sites. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for naphthalene have been measured and calculatedfrom the Kow,Koc, or water solubility. The values reported for log BCF rangefrom 1.6 to 3, indicating moderate bioconcentration in aquatic organisms.Naphthalene is reported to be rapidly eliminated frominvertebrates when theorganisms are placed in pollutant-free water, and naphthalene is readilymetabolized in fish . Based on the magnitude of the Kow, bioaccumulation in thefood chain is notexpected to occur. However, naphthalene exposure of cows andchickens could lead to the presence of naphthalene in milk and eggs.Limited data were located on transport and partitioning ofmethylnaphthalenes in the environment. The respective vapor pressures (0.054and 0.068 mmHg), water solubilities (25.8 and 24.6 mg/L),and Henry's lawconstants (3.60x10-4 and 4.99x10-4 atm-m3/mol) for 1-methylnaphthalene and2-methylnaphthalene are of similar magnitude to these properties fornaphthalene. Thus, it is likely thatloss of methylnaphthalenes from ambientwater occurs by volatilization. Based on the magnitude of log Kow for1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene (3.87 and 3.86, respectively) and theexperimental log Koc for 2-methylnaphthalene (3.93) , thesechemicals may partition similarly to naphthalene in environmental media and areexpected to be slightly mobile to immobile in soils. LogBCFs calculated for2-methylnaphthalene range from 2 to 2.8 and measured log BCFs for1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in oysters ranged from 2.7 to 4.1.Methylnaphthalenes arealso metabolised and excreted rapidly by fish andshellfish when they are removed from polluted waters.The most important atmospheric removal process for naphthalene isreaction with photochemicallyproduced hydroxyl radicals. The major products of this reactionare 1- and 2-naphthol and 1- and 2-nitronaphthalene. Naphthalene also reactswith N2O5, nitrate radicals, and ozone in theatmosphere and photolysis isexpected to occur. Methylnaphthalenes also react with hydroxyl radicals.The reported rate constants are 5.30x10-11 and 5.23x10-11 cm3/molecule-secfor1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively. Based on anatmospheric hydroxyl radical concentration of 1x10 6/cm3, the correspondingatmospheric half-lives are 3.6 and 3.7hours. Reactions of1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene with N2O5 radicals have half-livesof 24 and 19 days, respectively. These chemicals also react withatmospheric ozone.Naphthalene and methylnaphthalenes are degraded in water byphotolysis and biological processes. The half-life for photolysis ofnaphthalene in surface water is estimated to be about 71 hours, butthehalf-life in deeper water (5 m) is estimated at 550 days. The half-lives forphotolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene were estimated at 22and 54 hours, respectively.
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Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air
Ingredient Bioaccumulation
Ingredient Mobility
Biodegradation of naphthalene is sufficiently rapid for it to be adominant fate process in aquatic systems. Data on biodegradation of naphthalenein biodegradability tests and natural systemssuggest that biodegradationoccurs after a relatively short period of acclimation. Methylnaphthalenes arebiodegraded under aerobic conditions after adaptation. The highest degradationrates werereported in water constantly polluted with petroleum.Naphthalene biodegradation rates are about 8–20 times higher insediment than in the water column above the sediment. Methylnaphthalenesbiodegrade more slowly. Reported half-lives insediments were 46 weeks for1-methylnaphthalene and ranged from 14 to 50 weeks for 2-methylnaphthalene.In soils, biodegradation potential is important to biologicalremediation of soil. Studies on biodegradation of PAHs suggest that adsorptionto the organic matter significantly reduces thebioavailability formicroorganisms, and thus the biodegradability, of PAHs, including naphthalene.Biodegradation is accomplished through the action of aerobic microorganisms anddeclinesprecipitously when soil conditions become anaerobic. Studies indicatethat naphthalene biodegrades to carbon dioxide in aerobic soils, withsalicylate as an intermediate product. Abioticdegradation of naphthaleneseldom occurs in soils. The behavior of 1-methylnaphthalene in sandy loam wasvery similar to that of naphthalene. 1-Methylnaphthalene was easily volatilisedfromaerated soil, and the biodegradation half-life averaged between 1.7and 2.2 days.Ecotoxicity:Acute toxicity data on naphthalene are available for several fishspecies (freshwater and marine). If low reliable data (too old, static test,nominal concentrations) are excluded, 96h LC50 valuesrange from 1.8 to 7.8mg/L. Comparable results were obtained with other vertebrates (amphibians).From chronic toxicity tests, a precise NOEL is not clearlydetermined. A NOEC of 0.12 mg/L was observed in a 40 days test on juvenile pinksalmon, but 50% mortality at 0.11 mg/L was calculated fortrout fry exposedduring hatching.Several data are also available for invertebrates, showing 48hEC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 24 mg/L. Also in this case, higher figures mustbe taken with care due to nominal concentrations.Chronic data on freshwater invertebrates are methodologicallyunclear or questionable.On algae too, data available are obtained with hardly comparablemethodological approaches. 50% photosynthesis reduction was observed at 2.8mg/L in 4 hours experiments.QSAR predictions using equations for narcosis give resultsconsistent with experimental short-term data on fish daphnia and algae.For propane:Environmental FateTerrestrial fate:: An estimated Koc value of 460 determined from a log Kow of 2.36 indicates that propane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilisation of propane from moist soilsurfaces is expected to be an important fate process given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.07x10-1 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 7150 mm Hg, and water solubility, 62.4mg/L. Propane is expected to volatilise from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Using cell suspensions of microorganisms isolated from soil and water, propane was oxidised toacetone within 24 hours, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil and sediment. Aquatic fate: The estimated Koc value indicates that propane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment. Volatilisation from water surfaces is expected based upon an estimatedHenry's Law constant. Using this Henry's Law constant volatilisation half-lives for a model river and model lake are estimated to be 41 minutes and 2.6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 13.1using log Kow suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. After 192 hr, the trace concentration of propane contained in gasoline remained unchanged for both a sterilecontrol and a mixed culture sample collected from ground water contaminated with gasoline. This indicates that biodegradation may not be an important fate process in water. Atmospheric fate:: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and vapour pressure, propane is expected to exist solely as a gas in theambient atmosphere. Gas-phase propane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days,calculated from its rate constant of 1.15x10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C. Propane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to besusceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains. It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal. In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first. Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
Chemwatch: 9-338217
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Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options. Consult State Land Waste Authority for disposal. Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site. Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.
SECTION 14 TRANSPORT INFORMATION
Labels Required
Marine Pollutant NO
Land transport (DOT): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Sea transport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code
Not Applicable
SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION
Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture
Federal Regulations
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
Legend:Y = All ingredients are on the inventoryN = Not determined or one or more ingredients are not on the inventory and are not exempt from listing(see specific ingredients in brackets)
SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION
Other information
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee usingavailable literature references.The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or othersettings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.
Definitions and abbreviations
PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted AveragePC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure LimitIARC: International Agency for Research on CancerACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial HygienistsSTEL: Short Term Exposure LimitTEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。
Chemwatch: 9-338217
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Version No: 1.4
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IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health ConcentrationsOSF: Odour Safety FactorNOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect LevelLOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect LevelTLV: Threshold Limit ValueLOD: Limit Of DetectionOTV: Odour Threshold ValueBCF: BioConcentration FactorsBEI: Biological Exposure Index
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