MULTICULTURALISM AND THE AMERICAN CREED

Competing Visions of Nationhood

Strategies of the Civil Rights Movement

Legal actionNon-violent direct

action Boycotting The sit-in Marches The student movement

Confrontation politics Freedom Rides Voter Registration

Violence Riots

Separation and Black Nationalism

“Black Power”

Brown v. Board of Education

“To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.”

~Chief Justice Earl Warren, 1954

“I don’t believe you can change the hearts of men with laws or decisions.”

Little Rock, Arkansas (1957)

Rosa Parks

“Ain’t gonna ride them buses no more

Ain’t gonna ride no moreWhy in the hell don’t the

white folk knowThat I ain’t gonna ride no

more.”

Martin Luther King Jr.

The “Sit-Ins”

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

The Freedom Rides

Birmingham, Alabama

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

“For years now I have heard the word ‘Wait!’ It rings in the ear of every Negro with a piercing familiarity. This ‘wait’ has almost always meant ‘never.’ We must come to see with the distinguished jurist of yesterday that ‘justice too long delayed is justice denied.’”

The March on Washington (1963)

The Free Speech Movement

Students for a Democratic Society

Civil Rights Act (1964), Voting Rights Act (1965)

The Watts Riot, 1965

Malcolm X

“Black Power”

“I am not going to beg a white man for anything I deserve. I am going to take it.”

~Stokely Carmichael

The Black Panther Party

“We make the statement, quoting from Chairman Mao, that Political Power comes through the Barrel of a Gun.”

~Huey Newton

The Weathermen

“[Our] goal is the destruction of U.S. imperialism and the achievement of a classless world…the most important task for us…is to creation of a mass revolutionary movement.”

Communal Living

Altamont

Kent State

“This should remind us all once again that when dissent turns to violence, it invites tragedy. It is my hope that this tragic and unfortunate incident will strengthen the determination of all the Nation's campuses—administrators, faculty, and students alike—to stand firmly for the right which exists in this country of peaceful dissent and just as strongly against the resort to violence as a means of such expression”

Gay Liberation

The Stonewall Riots

Second Wave Feminism