Multimedia Processing Techniques for Retrieving, Extracting, and … · 2018. 6. 14. · Multimedia...

Multimedia Processing Techniques for Retrieving, Extracting, and Accessing Musical Content

Stefan BalkeInternational Audio Laboratories Erlangen

PhD Defense

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Vision

HeadIn

HeadOut

© AudioLabs, 2018

Stefan BalkeMultimedia Processing Techniques for Retrieving, Extracting, and Accessing Musical Content

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Talk Outline

§ Retrieval of Musical Themes

§ Extraction of Predominant Musical Voices

§ Web-Based Technologies for Accessing Musical Content

Retrieval of Musical Themes

Beethoven, Op. 67Fate Motif

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A Dictionary of Musical ThemesHarold Barlow and Sam Morgenstern

© AudioLabs, 2018


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A Dictionary of Musical ThemesHarold Barlow and Sam Morgenstern

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A Dictionary of Musical ThemesDatasets

ImageImage§ H. Barlow, S. Morgenstern:

A Dictionary of Musical Themes§ 10,000 Themes from Western classical music

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MIDI/Text§ Electronic Dictionary of Musical Themes§ Corresponding MIDI files plus metadata

Symbolic Text


ImageImage§ H. Barlow, S. Morgenstern:


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MIDI/Text§ Electronic Dictionary of Musical Themes§ Corresponding MIDI files plus metadata

Image

AudioAudio§ Performances of the musical works

Symbolic Text


Image§ H. Barlow, S. Morgenstern:


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A Dictionary of Musical ThemesAudio-based Retrieval

Audio Collection

§ Cross-modalitySymbolic vs. audio data

§ TuningDeviations from standard tuning

§ TranspositionPlayed key vs. written key

§ TempoLocal & global tempo deviations

§ PolyphonyMonophonic query vs. polyphonic audio

§ Query: Musical theme

§ Goal: Retrieve audio recording

Musical Theme

[Balke16]

Challenges

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Stefan Balke


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A Dictionary of Musical ThemesRetrieval Pipeline

-1

1

0

Audio CollectionMusical Theme

Brahms, Hungarian DanceBeethoven, 5th Symphony

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Stefan Balke


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C

B

G

-1

0

Audio CollectionC

hrom

a

Time (s)

B

Chr

oma

Time (s)

C

G

1


Musical Theme

© AudioLabs, 2018Stefan Balke

Multimedia Processing Techniques for Retrieving, Extracting, and Accessing Musical Content13


C

B

G

-1

1

0

Audio Collection

Matching Function Cos

t

1

Time (s)

Chr

oma

B

Chr

oma

Time (s)C

G


Musical Theme




C

B

G

-1

1

0

Audio Collection


t

1

Time (s)

Chr

oma

B

Chr

oma

Time (s)C

G


Musical Theme




C

B

G

-1

1

0

Audio Collection


t

1

Time (s)

Chr

oma

B

Chr

oma

Time (s)C

G


Musical Theme




C

B

G

-1

1

0

Audio Collection


t

0

1

Time (s)

Chr

oma

0

B

Chr

oma

Time (s)C

G

Original Theme Repetition

Beethoven, 5th Symphony Brahms, Hungarian Dance

Musical Theme




C

B

G

Brahms, Hungarian Dance

-1

1

0

Audio Collection


t

0

1

Time (s)

Chr

oma

0

B

Chr

oma

Time (s)C

G

Original Theme Repetition

1. Beethoven Op. 672. Brahms, Hungarian Dance

Beethoven, 5th Symphony

Musical Theme

© AudioLabs, 2018

Stefan Balke


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A Dictionary of Musical ThemesRetrieval Experiment I

#Queries: 177 Themes #Database: 100 Tracks (~11 h)




Top-1 Top-20Baseline 45.2 76.8


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Stefan Balke


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+ Tuning 46.9 81.9


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Stefan Balke


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+ Tuning 46.9 81.9

+ Transposition 53.7 91.0


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Stefan Balke


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+ Tuning 46.9 81.9

+ Transposition 53.7 91.0

+ Query Length 68.4 93.2




A Dictionary of Musical ThemesRetrieval Experiment II

#Database: 1113 (~120 h)#Queries: 2046 Themes




Top-1 Top-20 Top-50Tuning + 10 s 18.3 29.2 46.1





Top-1 Top-20 Top-50Tuning + 10 s 18.3 29.2 46.1Transp. + Query Length *) 39.5 66.9 76.1

*) Results from a recent study together with Frank Zalkow.





Top-1 Top-20 Top-50Tuning + 10 s 18.3 29.2 46.1Transp. + Query Length *) 39.5 66.9 76.1+ Predominant Melody *) 61.2 81.8 86.7


*) Results from a recent study together with Frank Zalkow.

Extraction of PredominantMusical Voices

Solo VoiceEnhancement

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Stefan Balke


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Extraction of Predominant Musical Voices

Our Data-Driven Approach [Balke17]Estimate “monophonic” time-frequency representationfrom a “polyphonic” audio recording using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs).

Predominant Melody Extraction

1. Model-based approach [Salamon13, Bosch16]

2. Data-driven approach [Bittner15, Rigaud16, Bittner17]



DNN Training

4 5 6 7 8 9Time (s)

9

28

110

440

1760

8372

Freq

uenc

y(H

z)

8372

1760

440

110

28

94 5 6 7 8 9

Freq

uenc

y (H

z)

Time (s)4 5 6 7 8 9

Time (s)

9

28

110

440

1760

8372

Freq

uenc

y(H

z)4 5 6 7 8 9

Time (s)

TargetInput



DatasetWeimar Jazz Database (WJD)

§ 299 transcribed jazz solos of monophonic instruments

§ ca. 10 h of annotated music

Thanks to the Jazzomat research group: M. Pfleiderer, K. Frieler, J. Abeßer, and W.-G. Zaddach

© AudioLabs, 2018

Stefan Balke


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DNN Architecture

ReLU ReLU ReLU ReLUReLU

! ∶= Input, $ ∶=Output, % ∶= Target, & ∶= Loss

! $& = MSE(!, $)

120Dimensions: 120 120 120 120 120 120

§ Basic DNN with 5 fully-connected layers.

§ Training is applied layer-wise [Bengio06, Uhlich15].

W1, b1 W2, b2 W3, b3 W4, b4 W5, b5

[Balke17]

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Layer-Wise Training

§ Initialize weights and bias with

Linear Least Squares (LLS)

§ Train 600 epochs …

600

W1, b1

Epochs

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Layer-Wise Training

600 1200

W1, b1 W2, b2

Epochs

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Layer-Wise Training

600 1200 1800

W1, b1 W2, b2 W3, b3

Epochs

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Layer-Wise Training

600 1200 1800 2400

W1, b1 W2, b2 W3, b3 W4, b4

Epochs

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Layer-Wise Training

600

W1, b1 W2, b2

1200

W3, b3

1800

W4, b4

2400

W5, b5

3000

Epochs

© AudioLabs, 2018

Stefan Balke


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Qualitative Evaluation

4 5 6 7 8 9Time (s)

9

28

110

440

1760

8372

Freq

uenc

y(H

z)

8372

1760

440

110

28

94 5 6 7 8 9

Fre

quen

cy (

Hz)

Time (s)

4 5 6 7 8 9Time (s)

9

28

110

440

1760

8372

Freq

uenc

y(H

z)

4 5 6 7 8 9Time (s)

TargetInput Output

4 5 6 7 8 9Time (s)

© AudioLabs, 2018

Stefan Balke


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Predominant MelodyExtraction

Collection of PolyphonicMusic Recordings

MonophonicTranscription

RetrievalProcedure

vs.

Experiment: Jazz Music Retrieval



Experiment: Jazz Music RetrievalResults

Baseline Chroma-based matching [Mueller15]Melodia Quantized F0-trajectory [Salamon13]DNN

Query Duration (s)

Mea

nR

ecip

roca

lRan

k

Web-Based Technologies for Accessing Musical Content

< >

Audio

Score

Image

Text

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Technologies for Accessing Musical Content

T T

[Balke18]

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T T

[Balke18]

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T T

[Balke18]

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Stefan Balke


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T T

Retrieval Procedure

vs.

[Balke18]

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[Balke18]

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Audio

Symbolic

Image

Text

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