1. MultiView : Improving Trust in Group Video Conferencing through Spatial Faithfulness David Nguyen John Canny UC Berkeley ACM SIGCHI 2007 San Jose, CA April 28 May 3

2. Perspective Invariance 3. Perspective Invariance 4. Perspective Invariance Mona Lisa (the painting) Your viewing position Your Perspective/ Leonardo DaVincis Perspective 5. Perspective Invariance and Group Video Conferencing 2 1 3 C L R 2 1 3 6. 2 1 3 7. 2 1 3 8. Perspective Invariance and Group Video Conferencing 2 1 3 C L R 2 1 3 9. 2 1 3 10. 2 1 3 11. The Apprentice 12. Donald Accidentally Fires Entire Staff Video ConferenceSystem to Blame Youre Fired! 13. 14. Effects of Video Conferencing

Turn Taking

• (Vertegaal et al., 2000)

Cooperation

• (Bradner and Mark, 2002)

Persuasion

• (Bradner and Mark, 2002)

Deception

• (Bradner and Mark, 2002)

Trust

• (Bos et al., 2002)

15. Research Question How do spatial distortions affect trust formation between two meeting groups? Before that, we need a spatially faithful video conferencing system. 16. Our Approach 17. Our Approach 18. Our Approach Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 19. MultiView: Spatially Faithful Group Video Conferencing Cameras Projectors MultiView Display 20. 1 3 2 L R C 1 3 2 21. 1 3 2 22. 1 3 2 23. 1 3 2 L R C 1 3 2 24. 1 3 2 25. 1 3 2 26. Research Question How do spatial distortions affect trust formation between two meeting groups? 27. Trust Measure: DayTrader(Bos et al, 2002)

Daytrader is a measure of trust.

Daytrader is an Iterated Prisoners Dilemma (PD) Game with Noise

There were >30 rounds. In each round, groups were given 60 credits

They chose how much to investcooperativelyand how much to keepindividually

Cooperative investments had afluctuatingmarket (average 50%) and split evenly, regardless of initial cooperative investment by each team (teams only knew their earnings)

Every 5 rounds, a bonus is split between the two teams. The higher a teams earning, the bigger their share of the bonus

0 60 0 60 A B 60 105 60 90 90 45 45 105 Team A Investment Team B Investment 28. Does meeting through standard video conferencing affect trust formation when compared to face-to-face? Can we improve trust formation patterns by using a spatially faithful video conferencing system such as MultiView? 29. Experimental Conditions Face to Face MultiView Standard Video Conferencing 30. Experimental Design

N = 169 participants

• 110 females, and 59 males

• 156 students (20), 13 staff members (39)

• Formed 29 groups of 2 and 37 groups of 3

• Groups were randomly formed

31. Results: Overview 32. Results: Overall Trust Face-to-Face vs. non-Directional Video Conferencing, p