1
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(Multiview Projection )
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1. Orthographic Projection
2. Six View Sketching and three View Sketching
3. Basic Lines and Planes
4. Projection Method
5. Sketching Techniques
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���� � �, � � ��� (Front View) � �� ��� (R. Side View) � ��� (Top View)
Multiview Projection Orthographic Sketching
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3. ��������-2E�'��)� 6 �.�'(The six standard views )
The six standard views 47�2K�23�
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1 �.�'�'.�ก�;�.�'���� (Front ก�; Rear)
2 �.�'/:�9�8�.�'M.�� (R Side ก�; L Side)
3 �.�';'9�8�.�'�5�� (Top ก�; Bottom)
3
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Three principle dimensionsof an object …
Width Depth
Height
Width
Hei
ght
Depth
Dep
th
… can be presented onlytwo in each view.
Adjacent view(s)is needed tofulfill the sizedescription.
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Front view Right side view
Top view
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
HeightWidth
Dep
th
History OBJECT FEATURESEdges are lines that represent the boundary
between two faces.
Corners Represent the intersection of two or
more edges.Edge
Corner
Edge No edge
No corner No corner
4
Surfaces are areas that are bounded by edges
or limiting element.
Limitingelement
is a line that represents the last visible
part of the curve surface.
Surface Surface Surface
LimitLimit
OBJECT FEATURES
A
B
PROJECTION OF POINT(S)
AF
BR
AT
BF AR
BT
AF AR
AT
BFBR
BT
Equaldistance
&�.' ����269;5�,�.&�S' 3 ��กTK8���')1. Normal Line (���<กD) �<=�������� ����� �ก����� �� ��D� 2 ��� �
2. Inclined Line (��������) �<=�������� ����� �ก����� �� ��D� 1 ��� �
3. Oblique Line (����������) �<=�������#� � ����� �ก����� �� �(����
(������������ �� ������� FRONT TOP RIGHT)
1. Basic Lines and Planes 1. Basic Lines and Planes
1. Normal Line (���<กD) �<=�������� ����� �ก����� �� ��D� 2 ��� �
A
B
AF BF BRAR
AT
BT
BR
AR
AF BF
AT
BT
True length
NORMAL LINETrue lengthPoint
Equallength
PROJECTION OF LINE
2. Inclined Line (��������) �<=�������� ����� �ก����� �� ��D� 1 ��� �
1. Basic Lines and Planes
5
AB
AF BF BRAR
AT
BT
INCLINED LINEForeshortened
BR
AR
AF
BF
Foreshortened
AT
BT
True length
A
Equallength
PROJECTION OF LINE
3. Oblique Line (����������) �<=�������#� � ����� �ก����� �� �(����
1. Basic Lines and Planes
A
AF
BF BR
AR
AT
BT
OBLIQUED LINE
Equallength
B
ForeshortenedForeshortened
Foreshortened
BR
AR
AF
BF
AT
BT
PROJECTION OF LINE
1. Normal Surface (��� �<กD) �<=���� ����� ������' กก����� �� ��D� 2 ��� �
2. Inclined Surface (��� ������) �<=���� ����� ������' กก����� �� ��D� 1 ��� �
3. Oblique Surface (��� ��������) �<=���� ����� ���#� ���' ก���#� �� �ก����� �� �(����
(������������ �� ������� FRONT TOP RIGHT)
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1. Basic Lines and Planes
1. Normal Surface (��� �<กD) �<=���� ����� ������' กก����� �� ��D� 2 ��� �
1. Basic Lines and Planes
BC
A
PROJECTION OF PLANE
BF AF,CF CRAR,BR
AT
CT
NORMAL PLANE
Equallength
EdgeEdge
True size
CR
AR,BR
AF,CF
BF
AT
BT
CT
BT
6
2. Inclined Surface (��� ������) �<=���� ����� ������' กก����� �� ��D� 1 ��� �
1. Basic Lines and Planes
BC
BF AF
CR
AR,BR
AT
CT
INCLINED PLANE
A
Equallength
BT
C
CF
Edge
CR
AR,BR
Foreshortened
BT
CT
AT
AF
CF
Foreshortened
BF
PROJECTION OF PLANE
3. Oblique Surface (��� ��������) �<=���� ����� ���#� ���' ก���#� �� �ก����� � � �(����
1. Basic Lines and Planes
3. Oblique Surface (��� ��������) �<=���� ����#� � ������' ก����� �ก����� � � �(����
1. Basic Lines and Planes
BF
AF
CR
AR
AT
CT
OBLIQUED PLANE
A
Equallength
BT
C
CF
B
BR
Foreshortened
CR
AR
BR
AF
BF CF
Foreshortened
AT
BT
CT
Foreshortened
PROJECTION OF PLANE 1. Basic Lines and Planes
7
s
s
s
Sketching Techniques Sketching Techniques
Projection Method
Dividers Scales
Projection Method
Miter Line
Projection Method PRECEDENCE OF LINE
Visibleline
Order ofimportance
Hiddenline
Centerline
8
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
Hidden line should join a visible line, except itextended from the visible line.
Correct
No !
Join
Leavespace
Correct No !
Hidden line should join a visible line, except itextended from the visible line.
Leavespace
Leavespace
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
Hidden line should intersect to form L and Tcorners.
Correct
No !
L T
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
Hidden arcs should start on a center line.
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
CENTER LINE PRACTICEIn circular view, short dash should cross at the intersections of center line.
For small hole, center line is presented as thin continuous line.
Center line should not extend between views.
Leave space Leave space
Leave the gap when centerline forms a
continuation with a visible or hidden line
Leavespace
Leavespace
Leavespace
Leavespace
Center line should always start and end with
long dash.
CENTER LINE PRACTICE