MUMM - Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models RBINS - Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences

http://www.mumm.ac.be/http://www.mumm.ac.be/

National North Sea Contingency Plan:the Shaping of Operational Arrangements

Thierry G. JACQUESThierry G. JACQUES

Marine Environmental Management SectionMarine Environmental Management Section

MUMMMUMM20062006

The Shaping of the PlanThe Shaping of the Plan

1.1. Setting the scene – the historySetting the scene – the history

2.2. Legal foundationsLegal foundations

3.3. Features of the response strategyFeatures of the response strategy

4.4. Operational arrangementsOperational arrangements

5.5. ConclusionsConclusions

65 km of coast

Dover Strait

Antwerp

Rotterdam, Hamburg

1. Setting the scene

The eighties: 19 accident alarmsThe eighties: 19 accident alarms 1981 1981 World DignityWorld Dignity 100,000 t crude100,000 t crude 1982 1982 JumpaJumpa containers, toxiccontainers, toxic 1982 1982 Saint AnthonySaint Anthony 38,000 t crude38,000 t crude 1982 1982 MolestaMolesta fuelfuel 1982 1982 BenetankBenetank 3,000 t heavy fuel3,000 t heavy fuel 1983 1983 SterlingSterling 55,000 t crude55,000 t crude 1984 1984 Mont-LouisMont-Louis nuclear reprocessednuclear reprocessed 1985 1985 StamyStamy fuelfuel 1985 1985 Contract VoyagerContract Voyager dangerous drumsdangerous drums 1986 1986 StaffortshireStaffortshire light petroleum gaslight petroleum gas 1987 1987 Herald of Free Ent.Herald of Free Ent. 5 dangerous lorries5 dangerous lorries 19871987 Olympic DreamOlympic Dream 2,100 t gasoline2,100 t gasoline 1987 1987 SkyronSkyron 137,000 t crude137,000 t crude 1988 1988 BorceaBorcea fuelfuel 1988 1988 Seafreight FariwaySeafreight Fariway 3 dangerous lorries3 dangerous lorries 1988 1988 Anna BroereAnna Broere 550 t acrylonitrile550 t acrylonitrile 1988 1988 WesteralWesteral dangerous containersdangerous containers 1989 1989 Paul RobesonPaul Robeson groundinggrounding 1989 1989 PerintisPerintis 5.8 t lindane5.8 t lindane

Mont Louis 1984: building awareness

•30 50-t cylinders of UF6

•just off limits, out of control

From passive to reactive:From passive to reactive: 1988 North Sea Plan approved

> 100 different chemicals

1987 HFE

British TrentBritish Trent(1993)(1993)

The nineties:The nineties:

29 accident alarms29 accident alarms

19901990 BussewitzBussewitz 14,000 t ammonia14,000 t ammonia 19901990 Thomas WeberThomas Weber 221 dangerous drums221 dangerous drums 19901990 VivaViva fuelfuel 19911991 TomisiTomisi fuelfuel 19911991 Globel LingGlobel Ling fuelfuel 19911991 Clipper ConfidenceClipper Confidence Pb concentrate, Cu, ZnPb concentrate, Cu, Zn 19911991 Grete TurkolGrete Turkol ethylbenzeneethylbenzene 19911991 British EskBritish Esk naphthanaphtha 19921992 JostelleJostelle fuelfuel 19921992 Atlantic CarrierAtlantic Carrier fuelfuel 19921992 NordfraktNordfrakt 3,252 t lead sulphide3,252 t lead sulphide 19921992 Long LinLong Lin fuelfuel 1992 1992 Amer FujiAmer Fuji fuelfuel…………

…… 19931993 Fleur de LysFleur de Lys fuelfuel 19931993 AlexandrosAlexandros fuelfuel 19931993 ZaphosZaphos 68,000 t condensate?68,000 t condensate? 19931993 SherbroSherbro bags pesticidesbags pesticides 19931993 HyazHyaz fuelfuel 19931993 British TrentBritish Trent 24,000 t gasoline24,000 t gasoline 19931993 AyaAya fuelfuel 19941994 ShoeburynessShoeburyness 90 M14 mines90 M14 mines 19941994 ElatmaElatma 1,378 t NH4 NO31,378 t NH4 NO3 19941994 Ming FortuneMing Fortune 38 t sodium chorate38 t sodium chorate 19951995 CarinaCarina oiloil 19951995 SpauwerSpauwer capsizal, oilcapsizal, oil 19971997 Bona FulmarBona Fulmar 7,000 t gasoline lost7,000 t gasoline lost 19971997 Mundial CarMundial Car oiloil 19971997 Vigdis KnutsenVigdis Knutsen oiletankeroiletanker 19991999 Ever DecentEver Decent containers toxiccontainers toxic

1994:1994:MUMM signs first oil recovery contractMUMM signs first oil recovery contractMUMM obtains first compensation for .be!MUMM obtains first compensation for .be!

2. The Legal Foundations2. The Legal Foundations

1987: 1987: law on the territorial sealaw on the territorial sea 1989:1989: new Bonn Agreementnew Bonn Agreement 1990-95: intl. concertation on the EEZ regime1990-95: intl. concertation on the EEZ regime 1990-96: continental shelf treaties (FR, UK, NL)1990-96: continental shelf treaties (FR, UK, NL) 1998:1998: law ratifying UNCLOSlaw ratifying UNCLOS 1999:1999: law on the EEZlaw on the EEZ

law on the marine environment:law on the marine environment:- Strict liability of the polluter- Strict liability of the polluter

- ex officio intervention o/b if needed- ex officio intervention o/b if needed

- compensation for environmental disruptions- compensation for environmental disruptions

The 2000’s: getting at it!The 2000’s: getting at it!

Buying oil combating equipmentBuying oil combating equipment Strict liability for remediationStrict liability for remediation

From reactive to offensiveFrom reactive to offensive

and operational!and operational!

3. Special features3. Special features

The driving force behind was Science PolicyThe driving force behind was Science Policy Five federal departments have authorityFive federal departments have authority Principles:Principles:

- Strict liability of the polluter- Strict liability of the polluter- compensation for environmental disruptions- compensation for environmental disruptions- - ex officioex officio intervention o/b if needed intervention o/b if needed

2005:2005: Coast Guard Coast Guard StructureStructure

(features and goals)(features and goals)

to maximize enforcement capabilitiesto maximize enforcement capabilities to pool resourcesto pool resources

(there is no dedicated response vessel)(there is no dedicated response vessel)

to co-ordinate in a single structureto co-ordinate in a single structure (good sense)(good sense)

to make the Environment central:to make the Environment central: NEBANEBA

4. The Operational 4. The Operational ArrangementsArrangements

1988: the North Sea Alarm Plan1988: the North Sea Alarm Plan– who is responsiblewho is responsible– how to alarm them and whenhow to alarm them and when– where to gowhere to go

… … but not what to do !but not what to do !

21.06.2005: 21.06.2005: oiled birdsoiled birds 21.01.2005: 21.01.2005: shore cleanupshore cleanup 10.08.2006:10.08.2006: operations at seaoperations at sea

Action at sea: the Action at sea: the philosophyphilosophy

The Fed. Dept. Env. takes the leadThe Fed. Dept. Env. takes the lead The Navy takes command at seaThe Navy takes command at sea MUMM evaluates impact (NEBA)MUMM evaluates impact (NEBA) Step by step development of the Step by step development of the

interventionintervention

Action at sea: the structureAction at sea: the structure

7 phases:7 phases:

alarmalarm assessmentassessment initial counter-initial counter-

mesuresmesures choice of strategychoice of strategy interventionintervention follow-upfollow-up debriefingdebriefing

3 scenarios:3 scenarios:

S1: danger of poll.S1: danger of poll.

S2: confirmedS2: confirmed

S3: majorS3: major

the assessmentthe assessment

Search for information in one Search for information in one locationlocation

Site-specific modelling Site-specific modelling (natural (natural processes, behaviour of the processes, behaviour of the pollutant)pollutant)

On scene monitoringOn scene monitoring Aerial guidanceAerial guidance

role of the scientistrole of the scientist(worse case scenario, scaling, monitoring (worse case scenario, scaling, monitoring methodology)methodology)

the strategic optionsthe strategic options Mechanical recoveryMechanical recovery Chemical dispersionChemical dispersion Mechanical dispersionMechanical dispersion Do nothing Do nothing (+ monitoring)(+ monitoring) RequisitionsRequisitions International assistanceInternational assistance

operations, methods, operations, methods, communications etc.communications etc.

How good are these plans?How good are these plans?

They are sound, professional instrumentsThey are sound, professional instruments

ButBut

they are coined to deploy existing meansthey are coined to deploy existing meansthey are typical they are typical Tier 1Tier 1

instrumentsinstruments

Tier 2Tier 2 (Rampenplan) and (Rampenplan) and Tier 3Tier 3 (internl.) (internl.) require further elaborationrequire further elaboration

OSC Support Staff& Advisors

Public AffairsSafetyHealthScienceEnvironmentTechnicalLegal

Deputy OSC

Operations Logistics Finance Planning

What do we miss?What do we miss?

Lead Agency Support Staff& Advisors

PublicAffairsSafetyScienceFinanceLogisticsOSC

OperationsArea 2

OperationsArea 3

OperationsArea 1

OperationsArea 4

OSCSupport Staff& Advisors

Public AffairsSafetyHealthScienceEnvironmentTechnicalLegal

Deputy OSC

Operations Logistics Finance Planning

What we miss

What do we miss to fulfill the needs of Tiers 2 What do we miss to fulfill the needs of Tiers 2 & 3?& 3?

The FutureThe Future Strong Strong technical supporttechnical support for the co-ordinators for the co-ordinators

OSC-AROSC-AR

IMO/OPRC contingency organizationIMO/OPRC contingency organization administrative, financial, legal supportadministrative, financial, legal support centralized logisticscentralized logistics organizational support for volunteersorganizational support for volunteers

2 oil-recovery vessels (inshore, offshore)2 oil-recovery vessels (inshore, offshore)

The alarm procedures are soundThe alarm procedures are sound We have a professional approachWe have a professional approach We have a We have a potentialpotential structure (Coast Guard) structure (Coast Guard) The IMO doctrine should be implementedThe IMO doctrine should be implemented The The opsops plans must be plans must be scaled upscaled up to Tiers 2 & 3 to Tiers 2 & 3 Technical advice must be made Technical advice must be made explicitexplicit in the in the

plansplans The pooling of resources must be made effective The pooling of resources must be made effective

to ensure the availability of specialized to ensure the availability of specialized vesselsvessels

5. Conclusions5. Conclusions

The EndThe End