Murder in the Name of Honour

7/25/2019 Murder in the Name of Honour

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HONOUR KILLINGS 1

Murder in the Name of Honour: A Study of Honour Killings

Sierra !ose"h

Innisdale Se#ondary S#hool


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HONOUR KILLINGS $

%a&le of 'ontents

1 (efinition))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g*

11 +asi# (efinition))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g*1$ ,i#tims and Moti-e))))))))))))))))))))))))"g*1* Methods))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g.

1. Honour Killings -s (omesti# ,iolen#e))))))))))))))))"g.

1/ 'ategori0ing Generali0ing)))))))))))))))))))))"g/$ Signifi#an#e))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g2

* +a#3ground)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g4

. 56"ert))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g17/ Role of 'ontrol))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g1*

2 Logi# of 5-il)))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g1.

8 'ase Studies))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g12

81 UK))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g128$ 9a3istan))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g$1

8* %ur3ey))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"g$*

4 International Organi0ation))))))))))))))))))))))"g$/41 United Nations)))))))))))))))))))))))))"g$/

4$ Honour +ased ,iolen#e Aarness Netor3))))))))))))))"g$/

4*Iranian and Kurdish ;omen


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HONOUR KILLINGS *

1. Definition

1.1 Basic Definition

%o die in the name honour is thought to &e no&le> &ut to 3ill in the name of honour is a #rime

%his is not the -ie of all "eo"le %he honour of the family or #ommunity #an &e so im"ortant

that it outeighs the im"ortan#e of someone es"e#ially a girl

or oman> ho is "er#ei-ed to ha-e &rought dishonour on the family@ ?(efinition of honour

3illing@> $712B Cor the "ur"ose of this "a"er> honour 3illings ill &e inter#hangea&le ith

murder

Honour &ased -iolen#e is moti-ated &y the need or "er#e"tion of the need to "rote#t> defend or

restore one are sometimes marriedE the marriage may e-en &e the moti-e for the 3illing> F hoe-er

&eing single ill not sto" these murders ;hile many fa#tors go into hy a "erson may &e#ome a

-i#tim of this #rime> some of the fa#tors that "ut a oman more at ris3 are if she unem"loyed>

illiterate andor li-ing in im"o-erished #onditions ?9reliminary e6amination of soE#alled

honour 3illings< in 'anada@> $71/B

%he reasons a "erson may &e#ome a -i#tim of an honour 3illing are &ountiful and -ary amongst

the religions and #ultures Some e6am"les of hy a girl may &e murdered are if they>

refuse to #o-er their hair> their fa#es> or their &odies or a#t as their familys domesti#

ser-ant ear ma3eu" or ;estern #lothing #hoose friends from another religion date

see3 to o&tain an ad-an#ed edu#ation refuse an arranged marriage see3 a di-or#e from a

-iolent hus&and marry against their "arents ishes or &eha-e in ays that are


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HONOUR KILLINGS .

#onsidered too inde"endent> hi#h might mean anything from dri-ing a #ar to s"ending

time or li-ing aay from home or family@ 'hesler> $77=B

%hese are only some of the reasons that ha-e &een identified as the moti-e of the 3iller

1.3 Methods

%he methods used to 3ill the -i#tim -ary de"ending on situation %he num&er of -i#tims> lo#ation

and moti-e of the 3iller are fa#tors that may influen#e the ay the -i#tim is murdered In a study

of honour 3illings in North Ameri#a and 5uro"e> some of the most #ommon methods ere

sta&&ing> shooting> throats #ut and strangulation Some methods are not as #ommon &ut are

3non to &e used in honour 3illing #ases %hese in#lude: &eing &urned to death> stoned> &eaten

and immolated %hese are not the only methods &ut they are among the #ommon 'hesler> $77=B

In another study> it as shon that /*J of -i#tims in orldide #ases ere tortured &efore they

ere 3illed %his means they died in agony> not instantly Also> this means more than half of

-i#tims died sloly> in "ain %hese methods of torture range from &eing ra"ed> &urned or stoned

to death andor &eing sta&&ed many times &efore death 'hesler> $717B

1.4 Honour Killings vs Domestic Violence

Honour 3illings differ signifi#antly from domesti# -iolen#e murders in many ays It is a

mis#on#e"tion that the to may &e #onfused or sit#hed ith ea#h other %he differen#es are

a&undant and im"ortant in #hara#teri0ing the 3illing %he three main fa#tors that se"arate

domesti# -iolen#e from honour 3illings are: "lanning> family #om"li#ity and stigma

?9reliminary e6amination of soE#alled honour 3illings< in 'anada@> $71/B

;hile domesti# -iolen#e murders are often ui#3ly #ommitted ithout "lanning or

#onsideration> honour 3illings ta3e mu#h more time to &e e6e#uted Cirst> the -i#tim may &e

stal3ed or threatened for months &efore the a#tual 3illing %hey may &e arned if they #ontinue

to a#t in a #ertain ay> death ill follo %he murder ill &e "lanned out intri#ately> from the

method to #o-ering u" the #rime %here is often e-en a "lan on hat to do if the -i#tim gets

aay %hese "lans are "ut together &y 3illers and a##om"li#es %hese a##om"li#es may do the

stal3ing or ma3ing sure the #rime goes as "lanned 'hesler> $77=B


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HONOUR KILLINGS /

(omesti# -iolen#e murders are #ommitted &y one "erson> a honour 3illings in-ol-e multi"le

"eo"le %here is the hands on< 3iller ho deli-ers the fatal tas3 In most #ases> the "er"etrator of

these #rimes are men from the -i#tim un#les> &rothers> #ousin and e-en a grandfather Along ith these 3illers> there are also

a##om"li#es %his is here e-en more mem&ers of the family may get in-ol-ed> e-en female

ones Mothers> sisters> aunts and grandmothers may hel" to "lan the e6e#ution and "lay a "art in

"ro-iding a sense of safety to the -i#tim &efore luring them to their death 'hesler> $71/B

In some #ommunities> hen an honour 3illing is #ommitted the 3iller is not fa#ed ith any

negati-e stigma from their family or #ommunity %he la in some #ountries> in#luding 9a3istan>

"er"etrators ill not &e "rose#uted &e#ause the la allos the -i#tim they ill &e forgi-en and then fa#e no

"unishment Kristof> $712B

1.5 Categoriing! "eneraliing

;hile it is easy to #ategori0e #ertain #rimes to "arti#ular #ountries> religion or ethni# grou"s>

these generali0ations are not alays a##urate Honour 3illings ha-e roots in many regions of the

orld &ut re#ent #ases #an &e found in many #ountries around the orld> in#luding Afghanistan>

'anada> 5gy"t> India> 9a3istan> United Kingdom and the United States %his "ra#ti#e is also

found among multi"le religions su#h as Islam> Hinduism> 'hristianity> !udaism and Si3hism'hesler> $717B %he most infamous #ountries for honour 3illings are 9a3istan> a Muslim

maDority #ountry and India> a Hindu maDority #ountry %hese religions along ith Si3hism

a##ount for most honour 3illings hoe-er it needs to &e remem&ered that this #rime is not

limited to #ertain #ountries and religions 'hesler> $71$B


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HONOUR KILLINGS 2

2. #ignificance

Honour &ased -iolen#e and #rimes are a glo&al issue No #ountry or region is e6#luded from

in#idents in-ol-ing su#h #rimes Honour &ased -iolen#e is defined as ?a -iolent #rime or in#ident

hi#h may ha-e &een #ommitted to "rote#t or defend the honour of the family or #ommunity@?Honour &ased -iolen#e@> $71/B Honour &ased -iolen#e #an also &e moti-ated &y the need or

"er#e"tion of the need to restore one as stated earlier %his moti-e is the one most

#ommon in honour 3illing #ases

%he United Nations 9o"ulation Cund estimates there are />777 -i#tims of honour 3illings ea#h

year orldide %hat means e-ery day> 1* omen are 3illed around the orld in the name of

honour ?5nding -iolen#e against omen and girls@> $712B Hoe-er> this num&er may &e

reasona&le for the #ountry of 9a3istan alone> not orldide %he glo&al num&er for honour3illings is most li3ely underestimated ea#h year due to the in#orre#t num&er of #ases re"orted

Many #ases go unre"orted or are falsely re"orted as sui#ides ?9reliminary e6amination of soE

#alled honour 3illings< in #anada@> $71/B

;hen this glo&al issue as thrust into the s"otlight> a#ademi#s res"onded in a ritten form>

amongst other formats ?International s#holars are riting from &a#3grounds in #riminology>

so#iology> "sy#hology> omen 5nglish> history> "oli#ing and la hile

"ositioning their e6"ertise to ma3e sense of soE#alled honour 3illings< in theory> "oli#y and"ra#ti#e@ AuDla> $71/B 9eo"le from all dis#i"lines ere #oming together to understand this

e"idemi# It is not an isolated issue s"e#ifi# to one study> as it is not isolated to a s"e#ifi# nation

or religion

%he -i#tims of this #rime> usually omen> li-e in fear If they do one thing rong> they #ould "ay

the ultimate "ri#e> ith their life %heir li-es are ruled &y this fear %hey are afraid of their on

fathers and &rothers> the "eo"le ho should only &ring lo-e and su""ort into their li-es %he

-i#tims #annot feel safe ithin their on homes> on -illages> and their on li-es %hey fear the"ossi&le 3illers &ut #annot do anything a&out it ;hen "oli#e for#es turn a &lind eye and the

go-ernment sim"ly let the murderer go ithout "unishment> the "otential -i#tims lose faith in

so#iety %here is nohere to turn for hel" %hese -i#tims are &eing o""ressed %housands of li-es

are lost ithout a single media "ost> li-es sli""ing aay ithout a single #ry %his #annot

#ontinue ?5uro"e gra""les ith honor 3illings $77.B


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HONOUR KILLINGS 8

Honour 3illings are only a &ran#h of -iolen#e and dis#rimination of omen Many issues fall

under the um&rella of this to"i#> &ut honour 3illings are one of the most e6treme &e#ause they are

fatal (is#rimination against omen is "resent in ea#h #ountry> Dust in different forms In these

nations> the go-ernment institutions fail the -i#tims and the #riminal go un"unished a##ordingly

If these #rimes #ontinue to &e sim"ly &rushed off or ignored> they ill only get orse It is the

res"onsi&ility of the go-ernment to u"hold the rights and freedoms of omen so they need not

li-e in fear %his res"onsi&ility also in#ludes the need to "re-ent> "rote#t and "ro-ide a resolution

for all "eo"le F no matter their se6> age> status or relation ?Im"unity for domesti# -iolen#e>

honour 3illings< #annot #ontinue@> $717B


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HONOUR KILLINGS 4

3. Bac$ground

It is sometimes diffi#ult to get a true histori#al -ie on honour &ased -iolen#e &e#ause the a#tion

of su#h #rimes ould ha-e &een #o-ered u" If the family or #ommunity ere to 3ill someone

&e#ause of shameful a#t> they ould not ant to remem&er or re#ord hat &rought su#hdishonour to them %he &est ay to study honour &ased -iolen#e and honour 3illings through

history are through the las> "ra#ti#es and e-ents that dire#ted &y the moti-e or ere influen#ed

&y honour Histori#al o-er-ie> ndB

Honour 3illings ha-e ta3en "la#e sin#e the an#ient Roman times In these Roman times the

senior male of the household> thepater familias> as gi-en the right to 3ill an unmarried yet

se6ually a#ti-e daughter or an adulterous ife In medie-al 5uro"e> early !eish la #ondoned

honour &ased #rime hen an adulterous ife and her "artner ere "unisha&le to death &y stoning?9reliminary e6amination of soE#alled honour 3illings< in 'anada@> $71/B

Honour &ased -iolen#e #an also &e seen in histori#al "ra#ti#es and e-ents (ueling to "ro-e a

man &ut they e6isted at a "oint in history ?9reliminary e6amination of soE

#alled honour 3illings< in 'anada@> $71/B

'urrently> honour 3illings are most "rominent in some #ountries that ha-e a Muslim maDority

"o"ulation %his in#ludes #ountries li3e 9a3istan> Iran and Afghanistan 9a3istan is one of the

most infamous #ountries for this #rime It as estimated that 1>777 #ases ere re"orted ea#h year

&ut the num&ers are truly mu#h higher Hoe-er> in the Hindu maDority #ountry of India>

honour 3illings are a #ommon o##urren#e as ell In India> the amount of #ases is in#reasing>

shoing a rise in this #rime 'hesler> $71$B

Hoe-er> neither of these religions o"enly #ondone murder for honour 56"erts and s#holars

ensure that the sa#red te6t in Islami# religion> the ur


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HONOUR KILLINGS =

%his issue should not &e generali0ed to one #ountry or religion Histori#al roots #an &e tra#ed to

regions su#h as Latin Ameri#a> 5uro"e> the Middle 5ast and South Asia Honour 3illings #an &e

found all o-er the orld and a#ross many religions %hough the most "rominent religious grou"s

today are Muslim and Hindu> there ha-e &een re"orted #ases in 'hristian> !eish and Si3h

grou"s#ommunities ?9reliminary e6amination of soE#alled honour 3illings< in 'anada@> $71/B

In $77$ and $77.> the UN de#ided to try to end honour 3illings and honourErelated #rimes At a

meeting at %he Hague> the home of the UN in $77.> UK la

enfor#ement offi#ers announ#ed "lans to reo"en and ree6amine "re-ious murder #ases to

understand if they ere honour murders %his as the first real ste" toards a resolution and not

mu#h #ame from it Honour 3illings are still ram"ant in many "arts of the orld 'hesler> $717B


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HONOUR KILLINGS 17

4. %&'ert

9hyllis 'hesler is an Ameri#an riter ho is -ery edu#ated on many glo&al issues She is a

retired "rofessor of "sy#hology at the Uni-ersity 'ollege of Ne or3 She is a retired

"sy#hothera"ist and #ourtroom e6"ert itness as ell She is a legendary and "ra#ti#ing feministand riter ?+iogra"hy@> $712B

5arlier in her #areer> 'hesler #oEfounded multi"le netor3s and asso#iations to hel" omen

%hese in#lude> %he Asso#iation for ;omen in 9sy#hology> %he National ;omen terrorism and other glo&al #on#erns Her most

famous &oo3s in#lude: ;ith 'hild: A (iary of Motherhood Mothers on %rial: %he +attle for

'hildren and 'ustody ;omans Inhumanity to ;oman ;omen of the ;all: 'laiming Sa#red

Ground at !udaisms Holy Site %he Ne AntiESemitism %he (eath of Ceminism: ;hats Ne6t in

the Struggle Cor ;omens Creedom An Ameri#an +ride in Ka&ul and Li-ing History: On the

Cront Lines for Israel and the !es %he one &oo3 that rea#hed the largest audien#e is ;omen

and Madness hi#h has sold $/ million #o"ies %his &oo3 has &een deemed a landmar3 feminist

#lassi# It as re-ieed as ? Intense> ra"id> &rilliant A "ioneer #ontri&ution to the femini0ationof "sy#hiatri# thin3ing and "ra#ti#e ;orldide

%rends in Honor Killings> Are Honor Killings Sim"ly (omesti# ,iolen#e and Hindu -s Muslim

Honor Killings %hese studies ere highly influential to the studying and understanding of this

e"idemi#

%he first study> ;orldide %rends in Honor Killings as "u&lished in S"ring of $717 %his study

do#umented the differen#es &eteen the to "rominent ays an honour 3illing ould &e

#ommitted %he study analy0ed 18$ in#idents ith $*7 honour 3illing -i#tims 5nglish language

media sour#es ere used to gain the information needed to #om"are #ases %he #ases ere then


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HONOUR KILLINGS 11

#ategori0ed &y "la#e of origin> North Ameri#a> 5uro"e and the Muslim ;orld< E &y hi#h she

means Muslim maDority #ountries ** of the #ases #ame from North Ameri#a> 28 from 5uro"e

and 1*7 from the Muslim ;orld and &y "er#entage 3illed

&y family of origin> family "osition F daughtersister> ifegirlfriends or other> "arental

"arti#i"ation> multi"le "er"etrators> multi"le -i#tims> tortured and moti-e F ?too estern@ or

?se6ually im"ro"riety@ She then #al#ulated the num&ers for a orldide -ie %his information

as e-aluated in fi-e ta&les 5ntire 9o"ulation> ;omen Only All Ages> Cemales $/ ears of Age

and ounger> Cemales 14 ears of Age and ounger and $2 ears of Age and Older %his study

as in#redi&ly hel"ful in #om"aring the statisti#s &eteen the different regions In reading this

study> the mis#on#e"tion of honour 3illings Dust o##urring in Muslim maDority #ountries or Dust in

the Middle 5ast as #learly shon to &e unfounded 'hesler> $717B

%he se#ond study> Are Honor Killings Sim"ly (omesti# ,iolen#e as "u&lished in s"ring of

$77= %his study #hallenged the thought that a domesti# -iolen#e murder and an honour 3illing

#ould &e mista3en for the other %he first ta&le of this study is #alled> the #hara#teristi#s of

honour 3illings and domesti# -iolen#e It dis"layed the differen#es &eteen the to #rimes

#learly and #on#isely %he se#ond ta&le shoed North Ameri#an Honor Killings &oth su##essful

and attem"ted %he third ta&le do#umented 5uro"ean Honor Killings In these ta&les they

do#umented the -i#tim age> year and lo#ation of #ase> "er"etrators< name and origin>

moti-e and method %hrough these details and e6am"les> the #rime of honour 3illings is

differentiated from the a#t of domesti# -iolen#e 'hesler> $77=B

%he third study> Hindu -s Muslim Honor 3illings as "u&lished in summer $71$ %his "a"er

as set out to "ro-ide e-iden#e that honour 3illings are not Dust an Islam issue Honour 3illings

o##ur in other religions> the ne6t maDority &eing Hinduism %he "a"er #enters around ho the

honour 3illings in these to religions may ha-e signifi#ant differen#es &ut are essentially of the

same nature Another as"e#t of the re"ort is the a#tions ta3en &y the most infamous #ountries for

Muslim and Hindu honour 3illings F 9a3istan and India> res"e#ti-ely It s"ea3s to ho the

so#iety and go-ernment in these #ountries ha-e res"onded to this e"idemi# 'hesler> $71$B

Ms'hesler


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HONOUR KILLINGS 1$

Cor immigrants ho are from a #ountry or &elong to a religion that is infamous for honour

3illings> they must &e arned that these a#ti-ities ill not &e tolerated in their ne #ountry 'lear

go-ernment arnings that honour 3illing #ases ill &e "rose#uted> along ith the "er"etrators

and a##om"li#es need to &e "re-alent 'hesler> $717B

An institution that should &e "ut into "la#e to ensure the safety of threatened girls and omen are

shelters s"e#ifi#ally #atering to honour 3illing #ases ;ith multilingual staff that are

a""ro"riately trained> the "otential -i#tims ould &e mu#h safer %his #ould also entail a "rogram

similar to the federal itness "rote#tion "rogram so intended targets ould &e a&le to #ontinue

their li-es> not #onstantly in fear of their li-es &eing disru"ted &y an honour 3illing attem"t

'hesler> $717B

Religious edu#ation ill &e -ery im"ortant as ell It is #onstantly stated that Islam does not#ondone honour 3illings> that there is no message in their sa#red te6t> the ur that allos this

-iolen#e %hese religions must &e taught and inter"reted #orre#tly so no one #an hide &ehind their

&eliefs Religious leaders must o"enly say F ith no ualifi#ation F that the murder of these

omen is not right> that it is against their religion 'hesler> $77=B


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HONOUR KILLINGS 1*

5. (ole of Control

On a #ase to #ase &asis> the "er"etrator of the honour 3illing has the #ontrol in this situation

%hey are almost alays stronger and older than the -i#tim> gi-ing them a "hysi#al ad-antage

right from the &eginning %hese "er"etrators hold all the #ontrol during this 3illing Hoe-er>hen "ossi&le> the family ill #hoose a male under the age of eighteen so that if they are #aught

and "rose#uted> the senten#e ill &e lighter and shorter ?9reliminary e6amination of soE#alled

honour 3illings< in 'anada@> $71/B

On a larger s#ale> the go-ernment essentially has the #ontrol It is mo-ed don toard "oli#e

for#es> &ut is still under the rule of the go-ernment Hoe-er> the go-ernment does not alays

use this #ontrol In #ountries li3e 9a3istan and India> the go-ernment ould turn a &lind eye

toards the notion of honour 3illings %he go-ernment and "oli#e ill not offer "rote#tion forthe -i#tims or "otential -i#tims %he -i#tims are left in a state of "oerlessness hen their

go-ernment is meant to "ro-ide them ith safety &ut only let their "eo"le die ,aidya> $712B

Sharmeen O&aidE'hinoy> the dire#tor of the Os#ar inning do#umentary> A Girl in the Ri-er:

%he 9ri#e of Corgi-eness des#ri&ed the role of #ontrol ell In an inter-ie after her Os#ar in>

she des#ri&ed ho she anted to>

)e6"lore honour 3illings and ho it has nothing to do ith religion or #ulture> &ut it

really has to do ith "atriar#hy and #ertain rules In a "atriar#hal so#iety> and you get a

shift and the &alan#e of "oer #hanges> that $712B

%he "atriar#hal so#iety #ontrols the omen until they &e#ome -i#tims of a&use> and in this #ase>

murder %he #ulture "la#es an em"hasis on male su"eriority and regard omen as less than

human %his ma3es the murder of these omen easier to understand and #o"e ith In the eyes of

the 3iller> honour is more im"ortant than the life of a oman ?9reliminary e6amination of soE

#alled honour 3illings< in 'anada@> $71/B


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HONOUR KILLINGS 1.

). *ogic of %vil

%he logi# of e-il is a #on#e"t that a""lies to this issue %his #on#e"t e6"lores ho &ehind e-ery

a#tion> no matter ho horrifi#> there are #lear and rational ideas %here are "erfe#tly sane reasons

hy an a#t ould &e #ommitted ;hile "ersonally it may not &e agreea&le> this #on#e"t allosthe -ie and understanding of another "ers"e#ti-e

%he 3illers in these #ases are trying to "rote#t their honour In some #ultures> honour is in#redi&ly

im"ortant It is> also> a family matter It does not matter ho one handles themsel-es &e#ause

their a#tions refle#t u"on the entire grou" A father ho attem"ted to 3ill his daughter in the

name of honour as inter-ieed after &eing ta3en to Dail and e6"lained the #on#e"t of honour> ?

She too3 aay our honor>< Masood said from his Dail #ell If you "ut one dro" of "iss in a

gallon of mil3> the hole thing gets destroyed %hat No> I ill3ill you myself $712B

Masood attem"ted to 3ill his daughter> Sa&a after she fell in lo-e against her family then

dis"osed of her &ody in the ri-er Hoe-er> that is not hat ha""ened Sa&a had flin#hed hen

the gun as fired and the shot did not #ause any damage her &rain> it sim"ly tore through the left

side of her fa#e She sur-i-ed and struggled out of the ri-er to hel" hi#h too3 her to a hos"italAfter re#o-ering> Sa&a &egan her uest to "rose#ute her father and un#le Her Dourney and story

as do#umented in the re#ent Os#ar inning do#umentary> A Girl in the Ri-er: %he 9ri#e of

Corgi-eness Kristof> $712B

%his story is Dust one of the thousands that o##ur in 9a3istan alone ea#h year %he 3illers truly

&elie-e they are hel"ing themsel-es and their family hen they 3ill a mem&er of their family

%he "eo"le are so o&sessed ith the #on#e"t of honour that the true eight of the #rime they

ha-e #ommitted is not felt or reali0ed %his #annot #ontinue to Dust &e &rushed off as a "art of#ulture or religion Until these 3illings are regarded #rimes and "eo"le are "unished> more li-es

ill &e lost Ali> $712B

%he go-ernment "lays a large role in regards to the issue of honour -iolen#e and honour 3illing

In some #ountries> li3e 'anada> honour 3illings are "rose#uted and guilty "arties ill &e


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HONOUR KILLINGS 1/

"unished a##ordingly %his as not alays the ay it as in 'anada On#e there as a rise in

these #rimes> the go-ernment informed ne immigrants from #ountries here honour 3illings

may &e a more often o##urren#e> that 'anada ould not tolerate ?) s"ousal a&use> honour

3illings>< female genital mutilation or other genderE&ased -iolen#e@ 'hesler> $717B

In other #ountries> li3e 9a3istan> the go-ernment ould> originally not do mu#h against this

#rime ;hile some senior offi#ials ould denoun#e the "ra#ti#e of honour 3illing it yielded little

results of #om&ating the issue %he go-ernment has &egun initiati-es to stiffen the "unishment

for &eing asso#iated ith these murders and to "rote#t omen> many times> &ut little

im"ro-ements has &een shon 'hesler> $71$B


16/41

HONOUR KILLINGS 12

+. Case #tudies

+.1 ,nited Kingdom

In the do#umentary entitled +ana0: A Lo-e Story the #hannel Cuuse re#ounts the story of

+ana0 Mahmod> a ellE3non #ase of an honour 3illing in the UK Her #ase as so "o"ular that

it got made into the do#umentary +ana0: A Lo-e Story< released in $71$ +ana0 as a 1=EyearE

old girl ho defied her family> &y falling in lo-e and as 3illed &e#ause of it +ana0 and her

family fled Ira as refugeesand

li-ed in London> United Kingdom She li-ed ith her "arents

and her si&lings> one &rother and four sisters Groing u" as diffi#ult for +ana0 as she tried to

&alan#e the #ulture and Islami# religion of her home and &irth #ountry ith the orld around her

Many of the more traditional -alues ere &rought o-er ith the family and the young girls had to

ada"t to these #ultural as"e#ts Some #urrent trends li3e nail "olish and "erfume ould not &etolerated and some traditions li3e female #ir#um#ision ere still "ra#ti#ed in their home

;hen +ana0 as only 18 she got married Arranged marriages ere #ommon amongst

her family and #ommunity so hen she rea#hed an age a""ro"riate from her "arent

a marriage as arranged %he main "ur"ose of these marriages ere to &uild the status of the

family Ali> a man ho had Dust immigrating from Ira> as #hosen and soon the to ere

married +ana0 mo-ed in ith her hus&and and his family> hi#h is hat often ha""ens for the

young omen

Hoe-er> her hus&and as anything &ut good +ana0 tried to &e an e6#ellent ife &ut

ith small errors and different -alues> the marriage &e#ame dangerous Ali a&used her

emotionally> -er&ally> and se6ually In $77/> she ent to the "oli#e to ma3e a statement of the

#rimes #ommitted A -ideo of the statement as re#orded and as one of the main footage

sour#es for the do#umentary In the -ideo> she re"orts the a&use> the degradation she fa#ed>

multi"le ra"es and threats of death Her hus&and se"arated her from any family and friends so it

as easier to ta3e ad-antage of her Ali also made +ana0 lie a&out any inDuries she ould suffer%he orst of hi#h resulted in memory loss after &eing 3i#3ed in the head She e-entually &egan

to do#ument the terri&le en#ounters in a diary> sometimes riting and sometimes ta3ing "hotos

Hoe-er> Ali found the diary and destroyed it Also> in this re"ort> +ana0 #onfessed her &elief

that she as &eing folloed She re#ogni0ed the a#tion and some of the fa#es of the men that


17/41

HONOUR KILLINGS 18

ere trailing her She e-en said that if anything ere to ha""en to her> it ould &e &e#ause of

those "eo"le

+ana0 ent &a#3 to her unsafe house and tried to &e a &etter ife &ut she #ould only ta3e

so mu#h a&use She left her hus&and many times &ut getting a di-or#e in her #ulture as almostim"ossi&le so she as for#ed to return ;hen one of her sisters found out a&out ho a&usi-e Ali

as> she alerted the rest of the family Ali as a highly regarded man and +ana0 her family understood and as o3ay ith his de#isions 5-entually> it &e#ame too

diffi#ult to #ontinue li-ing this ay and +ana0 left her hus&and She ent &a#3 to li-e ith her

family ho ere a&solutely mortified ;omen in this #ulture> 3no that lea-ing an arranged

marriage #ould mean lea-ing e-erything you lo-ed &ehind Hoe-er> +ana0 as a&le to li-e

ith her family again Cuuse> $71*B

+ana0 and

had a friendshi" that ui#3ly &lossomed into a more serious relationshi" +ana0 as ha""ier than

she had &een in a hile She tried to 3ee" this relationshi" a se#ret> fearing hat #ould ha""en if

"eo"le found out She feared #orre#tly Someone had s"otted +ana0 and Rahmet 3issing and

re"orted &a#3 to her father It as then de#ided> she had #aused too mu#h dishonour and> no>

+ana0 as meant to die Cuuse> $71*B

Her un#le held more "oer in their so#iety and as the main #ons"irator in her murder

alongside her father

after &eing s"otted ith Rahmet %he first attem"t on her life as on Ne

ear &leeding from her hand and as ta3en to the hos"ital

Rahmet as #onta#ted and met +ana0 as she lay on a hos"ital &ed He had the instin#t to get

+ana0


18/41

HONOUR KILLINGS 14

On#e formally dealing ith the "oli#e> +ana0 as meant ith dis&elief A female "oli#e

offi#er did not &elief her story She thought +ana0 as sim"ly a girl ho had gotten too drun3>

thought she as in danger and made u" a story to go along ith her statement ;ith this failure

of edu#ation and training> the offi#er ent to +ana0

if any %rying to do the &est for e-eryone in-ol-ed> +ana0 and Rahmet tried to &rea3 u" It didn in some ay> hat had

ha""ened to her No one #ame forard ith any information Sloly> more information #ame to

light that ould hel" sol-e the mysterious death of +ana0 %he "oli#e found a letter that had &een

dro""ed off at the station &y +ana0 in (e#em&er of $77/ In the letter> she rote of ho she as

truly fearing for her life and had heard her un#le ma3ing the "lans for her murder Her un#le had

"eo"le lined u" to do the Do& of 3illing her and her &oyfriend +ana0 had managed to o&tain their

identities of these 3illers Mohamed Hama> Mohamed Ali and Omar Hussein ere identified as

the "otential 3illers All three men ere #ousins of +ana0 Cuuse> $71*B

%he "oli#e arrested and #harged Mohamed Hama first Sin#e the "oli#e had not yet

re#o-ered a &ody and #ould not yet offi#ially de#lare +ana0 dead it as a ra#e against time It

as one of the 3illers ho lead the "oli#e to finding +ana0 telling the "oli#e

that the &ody ould &e &eneath a free0er %hey had seen a free0er in one of the men $71*B


19/41

HONOUR KILLINGS 1=

Immediately> they sa there had &een a distur&an#e of the earth After remo-ing the

free0er and digging 2 feet don> they #ame u"on a suit#ase %he suit#ase #ontained +ana0 #urled into a fetal "osition and stuffed into the suit#ase %he

"oli#e finally #harged and arrested +ana0 $71*B

It as determined that +ana0 had &een 3illed the morning of !anuary $.th $772 She as

at her family they sla""ed and ra"ed her &efore ra""ing

a #ord around her ne#3 ;hile "ulling the #ord tight> another #ousin as stom"ing on her ne#3

%hey #ontinued to tighten the #ord and stom" harder until her soul as dis#harged

they dis"osed of her &ody and then &oasted on their Do& ell done %hese details ere o&tained

after the "oli#e se#retly re#orded #on-ersations &eteen the men Cuuse> $71*B

+ana0 so they #ould &e "rose#uted It too3 three long years of #oordination ith the

Irai "oli#e and international las &ut &y $717 &oth Mohamed Ali and Omar Hussein ere

e6tradited &a#3 to 5ngland Cuuse> $71*B

%his as the first #ase in the "oli#e for#e +ana0 as gi-en a "ro"er gra-e

It is &elie-ed the gra-e is often -isited &y her sisterEho li-es in hiding after hel"ing the "oli#eE

and the main dete#ti-es on her #ase %he dete#ti-es ere ne-er sol-ing the #ase for the family the arm> 3ind and lo-ing oman ho as 3illed for

lo-ing and anting to &e free Cuuse> $71*B

In the UK> honour #rimes ha-e &een on the rise Organi0ations are ta3ing ste"s to redu#e the

in#reasing num&ers of honour #rimes ;hile the UK is or3ing on "roDe#ts on their on> they

understand that this is a glo&al issue 'olla&oration &eteen organi0ations and go-ernments #an


20/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $7

lead to a mo-ement that ill &ring an end to honour 3illings 9u&lishing the stories of -i#tims>

li3e +ana0> ill raise aareness and> in turn> &ring the "u&li# to #are a&out this issue and &ring

an end this horrifi# "ra#ti#e ?Honour #rimes@> $71.B


21/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $1

+.2 -a$istan

9a3istan is -ieed as one of the most notorious #ountries for honour 3illings %hough the offi#ial

go-ernment num&ers of honour 3illing #ases are around one thousands a year> the unoffi#ial

num&er is estimated to &e mu#h higher> around three or four thousand Many #ases go unre"ortedith the -i#tims &eing unheard %he ay honour 3illings ha-e &een treated in 9a3istan as

dis"layed in the do#umentary> Girl in the Ri-er: %he 9ri#e of Corgi-eness Ali> $712B

%he do#umentary told the story of Sa&a aiser> a girl ho es#a"ed an honour 3illing Sa&a as

nineteen hen she fell in lo-e against her family ready to 3ill her %hey &eat her and then shot her in the fa#e ui#3ly> they dis"osed of the

&ody> dro""ing her inside a &ag> and then into the ri-er %heir "lan did not go as intended Sa&aas only un#ons#ious after mo-ing her fa#eui#3ly so that the &ullet ent through the side of

her #hee3 %he #old ater re-i-ed her and she managed her ay out of the &ody &ag and #raled

onto land Staggering> she made it to a gas station> here someone #alled for hel" Sa&a as

rushed to hos"ital here she re#ei-ed emergen#y treatment to sa-e her life 9oli#e offi#ers

guarded the door so her father #ould not return to finish the Do& After Sa&a had re#o-ered> she

as on a mission to "rose#ute her father and un#le In 9a3istan> the "er"etrators of an honour

3illing are often not "rose#uted &e#ause of a la that allos the family of the -i#tims to forgi-e

the 3iller Sin#e the 3iller is often related to the -i#tim> they are forgi-en and ha-e no

"unishment Hoe-er> Sa&a as determined to hold her father and un#le a##ounta&le %hey had

&een arrested and stood &y their a#tions %he men truly &elie-ed they had done the right thing As

Sa&a &egan her uest to "rose#ute her family> she fa#ed intense "ressure to "ardon them

'ommunity elders and other family mem&ers urged her to forgi-e and mo-e on 5-entually> Sa&a

#om"lied and her father and un#le ere released from "rison Kristof> $712B

Learning of this story> filmma3er Sharmeen O&aidE'hinoy immediately anted to ma3e a film

shedding light on the often o-er loo3ed #rime that o##urs e-ery day in her home #ountry of

9a3istan She anted this film to e6"lore honour 3illings and ho they ha-e nothing to do ith

religion or #ulture &ut really ha-ing to do ith "atriar#hy and #ertain so#ietal rules %his film is

im"ortant &e#ause "eo"le are getting aay ith murder and Dustifying the #rime &y saying it is


22/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $$

"art of their #ulture or religion %here is no Dustifi#ation for murder> and these deaths should &e

loo3ed at as they are> #old &looded> "reEmeditated murders (u&> $712B

%he film as highly a##laimed and on the a#ademy aard for do#umentary short su&De#t in

$712 %his is the se#ond a#ademy aard that Sharmeen has on She on the aard in $71$ inthe same #ategory for her do#umentary Sa-ing Ca#e %he Os#ar nomination lead to dire#t a#tion

in 9a3istan Sharmeen as in-ited to the "rime minister they are going to #hange the las so that these murders are ne-er

disregarded again S#reenSlam> $712B

In her a##e"tan#e s"ee#h Sharmeen states that this is hat ha""ens hen determined omen#ome together Crom the fo#us of the film> Sa&a> the film team> H+O or3ers and all the

su""orti-e men #ontinue to tell omen they #an do anything 5-eryone #ame together to ma3e

this eye o"ening film All these "eo"le #ame together to ma3e a differen#e Crom raising

aareness to rea#hing the head of the go-ernment> the "oer of media has ne-er &een more

influential Sharmeen a#3noledged this &y ending her s"ee#h &y saying ?%hat is the "oer of

film@ Os#ars> $712B


23/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $*

+.3 ur$e/

In %ur3ey> e see honour 3illings for the traditional reasons and most #ommon reasons> &ut there

has &een a s"i3e in the honour 3illings in the LG%+P #ommunity %he term gay honour

3illing< has &een #oined after multi"le #ases fit the reuirements of this #rime %he #ountry&e#ame a#uainted ith this term after the murder of Ahmet ildi0 in $774 Ahmet as a $2E

yearEold man ho as li-ing ith his &oyfriend in Istan&ul hen his family dis#o-ered he as a

homose6ual %hey &egan to threaten Ahmet to the "oint he felt #on#erned for his safety and

lodged a re"ort ith the "oli#e> as3ing for "rote#tion %he "rose#utor three months after the

#om"laint had &een lodged> he as 3illed Ahmet as shoot multi"le times hen going out for

i#e #ream His family did not see3 any legal a#tion %he only #ase that had immediately resulted

from this in#ident as for another oman ho had &een inDured during the atta#3 ;itnesses

identified the murderer as Ahmet ahya> &ut "oli#e #ould not tra#3 him don as he had

already fled the #ountry It had &een 2 years in $71. hen the trial had &een "ost"oned again

&e#ause the main sus"e#t is at large %here has &een no nes on this #ase sin#e $71. %he

Istan&ul #ourt e-entually as3ed Inter"ol to issue a sear#h &ulletin for ahya &ut little a#tion has

&een ta3en seeing as he is still a missing sus"e#t Hurtas> $71.B

No> it seems that this #ase as the first of many to o##ur in %ur3ey In !uly of $71$> a gay

honour 3illing too3 the life of Rosin 'i#e3 He as a 18EyearEold 3illed &y his father and to

un#les &e#ause of his se6ual orientation +efore his &ody as dis"osed of Dust on a roadside> he

as shot many times in the head and &ody His &ody as found to days later and the #ase

&egan In this #ase> the "er"etrators ere #aught and all re#ei-ed senten#es %he father and

un#les ere gi-en the senten#es of life in "rison %ar> $71.B

%hese to murders had their similarities that distin#tly ma3e them gay honour 3illings In &oth

#ases> the family #om"letely disregarded the legal system %he -i#tim released a statement saying that if the "eo"le ish


24/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $.

to "romote mental disorders< and "er-erted &eha-iors they ould "ay the "ri#e %his

statement among others li3e it> influen#e the attitudes of the general "o"ulation Hurtas> $71.B

%he LG%+P #ommunity in %ur3ey is seriously orried %heir "eo"le are &eing targeted

&e#ause of ho they are ;ithout #hange in the "u&li# gay honour 3illings

ill &e an issue that "lagues %ur3ey for many years to #ome Hurtas> $71.B


25/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $/

0. nternational rganiations

0.1 ,nited ations

%he United Nations has a#3noledged honour 3illings as a &ran#h of -iolen#e against omen

and girls On their e&site for resour#es for s"ea3ers on glo&al issues> they s"ea3 a&out hy a

oman may &e 3illed %he to"i# has &een &rought u" in different setting and o##asions &ut no

great a#tion has &een ta3en &y the organi0ation to &ring an end to honour 3illings ?5nding

-iolen#e against omen and girls@ ndB

0.2 Honour Based Violence areness etor$

An im"ortant organi0ation or3ing to end honour 3illings is the Honour +ased ,iolen#e

Aareness Netor3> a&&re-iated to the H+,A %his netor3 is an international digital resour#e

#entre that or3s to inform so#iety and ad-an#e the understanding of honour &ased -iolen#e and

for#ed marriage %hey a#hie-e this through resear#h> do#umentation> information and training

5du#ating "rofessionals ho #ould en#ounter "ossi&le -i#tims of these forms of a&use and

-iolen#e ill ensure that the #ases ill &e res"onded to and handled #orre#tly %he "eo"le

in-ol-ed in these #ases need to &e a&le to identify them as an honour #rime and "ro-ide "ro"er

and effe#ti-e res"onses %he H+,A gi-es a##ess to the resour#es needed to o&tain su#h a le-el of

edu#ation on these to"i#s %his organi0ation &elie-es strongly in #olla&oration as ell %hey

ha-e #reated a netor3 of e6"erts> a#ti-ists> and nonEgo-ernment organi0ations NGO ndB

%he H+,A ser-es four #ore fun#tions aareness> #olla&oration> training and resear#h +y

de-oting themsel-es to these res"onsi&ilities> the organi0ation has &e#ome a #om"rehensi-e

sour#e of information and resour#es for honour &ased -iolen#e %he #reators of this organi0ation>

are (eeyah Khan and !ohanne 9ayton A&out us> ndB

(eeyah Khan is a Noregian so#ial a#ti-ist She mainly uses her talents of musi# "rodu#ing and

dire#ting do#umentaries that highlight human rights> omen


26/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $2

of the H+,A and (eeyah

$712B !ohanne 9ayton is a so#ialist &ased in the UK She or3s on resear#h ith the Uni-ersity

of 'ardiff fo#using on gender &ased -iolen#e> mostly to do ith honour &ased -iolen#e and

for#ed marriage +y studying these to"i#s as a #areer> !ohanne is a&le to #ontri&ute to and

monitor the resear#h as"e#ts of the H+,A ?!oanne 9ayton@> ndB

0.3ranian and Kurdish 6omen7s (ights rganisation

Another organi0ation that "lays an im"ortant role in &ringing an end to honour 3illing is the

Iranian and Kurdish ;omen so#ial ser-i#es>

and s#hools to ensure a &etter understanding of these issues %hrough this 3noledge>

"rofessionals #an #om"rehend ho these issues effe#t omen &elonging to an ethni# minority

hi#h #an lead to &etter las and their effe#ti-e im"lementation ?A&out us@> $712B

If a glo&al solution is hat e desire #olla&oration amongst these many organi0ation and ha-ing

a unified front on the mo-ement to end honour 3illings is ne#essary


27/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $8

8. Canadian Connection

'anada has seen multi"le honour 3illing #ases A#ross multi"le religions and ethni# grou"s> this

#rime does not trans#end our so#iety %he most famous #ase of this #rime in 'anada as #alled>

&y the media the Shafia Camily Murders

On !une *7th $77=> four omen ere found droned and dead in a su&merged #ar in the

Kingston Mills %he three sisters Qaina& 1=> Sahar 18 and Geeti 1* as ell as ste"mother< Rona

Amir /7 ere the -i#tims %hey ere 3illed &y their father> Mohammad Shafia> his #urrent ife

%oo&a ahya Mohammad and their son> Hamed Hoe-er> the story &ehind these murders starts

mu#h earlier than that fateful night ?%he Safia trial at a glan#e@> $71$B

%his story goes &a#3 to Afghanistan> here the young adult Mohammad as getting married to

the teenage Rona %he marriage had &een arranged &y their families> the young &usiness man and

the daughter of a family friend %hey ere married in a la-ish #eremony and that as the

&eginning of a short marriage %ri""> $71$B Soon it &e#ame a""arent that the mat#h may not

ha-e &een the &est Rona> #ould not get "regnant She as meant to &e the ife and then mother

to Mohammad some of hi#h as out of the #ountry and -ery

e6"ensi-e> it &e#ame a""arent that she as una&le to #on#ei-e a #hild %ri""> $71$B Mohammad

&egan to &e #riti#i0ed for not &eing a&le to im"regnate his ife %hese #riti#isms lead to anger

hi#h he turned onto his ife He &e#ame more rude and #ontrolling> until Rona &e#ame toofrustrated to #ontinue the ay they ere %ri""> $71$B She de#ided to let Mohammad get a

se#ond ife to ha-e #hildren &ut Rona as meant to &e #ared for as ell Mohammad soon

found a ne ife in a young family friend> %oo&a ahya %ri""> $71$B

;ithin ee3s from the se#ond edding> %oo&a as "regnant ith their first #hild> Qaina& %hen

#ame Hamed> Sahar and Getti Cris#olani> $712B %he #ou"le had se-en #hildren> * of hi#h $712B

%he family mo-ed around until settling in Montreal %he #hildren had a hard time &alan#ing the

e6"e#tations of their father> ho as stri#t ith traditions> -ersus the #ulture of their modern #ity

%he daughters ere not to ha-e relationshi"s> or dress re-ealing %he to older daughters ere


28/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $4

se#retly dating and hen their father found out E through the &rothers ho a#ted as informers F

he as furious Qaina& left home> hi#h &rought e-en more shame to the family She ran from

the a&use to a oman only ten ee3s &efore &eing 3illed Cris#olani> $712B ;hile

Qaina& as aay> the family fa#ed more diffi#ulties 9oli#e and #hild ser-i#e agents #ame to

assess the state of the home and #hildren Mohammad had de#ided that his daughters needed to &e 3illed to "reser-e his honour

Cris#olani> $712B He left 'anada and "lanned their deaths ith Hamed and %oo&a Lured &a#3>

Qaina& as told &y her mother that she #ould marry her se#ret lo-er> if she #ame &a#3 to the

family She agreed and finally returned As the edding day a""roa#hed Qaina& as "ressured to

&a#3 out +ut> to Qaina&> this marriage meant freedom> and that as all she anted As the

edding of Qaina& a""roa#hed> Sahar nothing ent as "lanned Cris#olani> $712B Qaina& family did not sho u" and the shame as un&eara&le Still lo-ing her hus&and>

Qaina& and her hus&and got a di-or#e only hours after &eing married %he hole situation had

tainted the family Geeti ould &e the first to noti#e and ould ithout a dou&t> notify

the "oli#e %his #ould not &e alloed> so she ould ha-e to die as ell Rona> the other ife and

the surrogate mother as too mu#h #om"etition for %oo&a so hen %oo&a hel"ed "lan the

murder> Rona as added to the -i#tim list Cris#olani> $712B %he "lanning as e6tensi-e

Mohammad fle &eteen 'anada and his "re-ious homes of (u&ai and Afghanistan to fully

"lan the murders He in-ol-ed his se#ond ife> %oo&a and e-en his son> Hamed> in the

master"lan (uring the in-estigation> it as seen that Mohammad had google sear#hed

mountains on ater in ue&e# to rent a &oat in Montreal< and fa#ts do#umentaries on

murders< Cris#olani> $712B

%hen the time for their murder had #ome %he family as told they ere going on a road tri"

%he destination as not #lear &ut it as all Dust "art of the "lan %he grou" as s"lit &eteen to

#ars> the Le6us and the Nissan %hey left Montreal around *"m on !une $*rd $77= %hey had

multi"le sto"s> staying in motels in #ities li3e Niagara Calls until they returned Kingston

Cris#olani> $712B It as in the early hours of the morning hen the to #ars "ulled into the


29/41

HONOUR KILLINGS $=

"ar3ing lot of the Kingston Mills At this "oint> on !une *7 it as "ast 1:*7 in the morning and

the four -i#tims ere all somehat aslee" Mohammad and Hamed left saying they ere going

to sear#h for a motel %oo&a got in the #ar ith the others and e-erything seemed normal %he

other #hildren ere dro""ed off at the motel then the men returned to finish the tas3 Cris#olani>

$712B 5a#h of the -i#tims ere held underater and &ashed in the head to 3ill them or ma3e

sure they ere un#ons#ious &efore &eing "la#ed &a#3 in the #ar %he 3illers anted to ma3e the

murder loo3 li3e a Doyride gone rong A sim"le rong turn into the ater +ut as they tried to

get the #ar to automati#ally go off the edge of the road> the #ar got stu#3 %hey then had to ram

the other #ar into the first> #ata"ulting it o-er the edge It no longer loo3ed li3e an a##ident &ut it

ould suffi#e for the family Cris#olani> $712B

%hen the #o-er u" &egan %o mas3 the damages made to the first #ar> Hamed re"orted a #ar

#rash> near their home in Montreal here he had dro-e to ma3e the story loo3 real He then

rushed &a#3 to Kingston> here his father> mother and himself ent to the "oli#e station to gi-e a

missing "erson re"ort 9oli#e

ere already at the #rime s#ene after a 9ar3s 'anada em"loyee

re"orted the su&merged -ehi#le %he "oli#e ere ui#3 to ma3e the #onne#tion and then &ro3e

the nes to the> su""osedly u"set family Cris#olani> $712B Soon they ere all &eing

inter-ieed %his is hen and here the story &egan to fall a"art %he three ere inter-ieed

se"arately> immediately things &egan to go rong Some &asi# uestions #ouldn $712B Cirst> Sahar ho seemed generally unharmed &ut that as not #onsistent ith

the other three -i#tims %hey ea#h had &ruising on the #ron of their heads that ould &e from

an intense im"a#t %hree things ere #onfirmed during the auto"sy the head inDuries ere

sustained &efore death> the offi#ial #ause of death as droning and there ere no drugs found

in the omen not in Montreal &ut at thes#ene %hen the in-estigation turned to a homi#ide %he family> no sus"e#ts ere gi-ing teary

inter-ies for the media At the same time> the truth of the family &eing a&le to ea-esdro" on the sus"e#ts %he "oli#e ere a&le to hear #on-ersations


30/41

HONOUR KILLINGS *7

here the three ould &e #ursing out their dead family Saying things li3e they deser-ed hat

had #ome to them and they had a#ted in ina""ro"riate ays anyay %hese #on-ersations ere

e-iden#e enough 'hildren A +< and '< ere "ut into "rote#ti-e #are &efore the "oli#e had a

arrant to sear#h their home %he "oli#e found a lot of "otential e-iden#e and #atalogued all of

it %he remaining three #hildren ere inter-ieed &y the "oli#e and it &e#ame a""arent that the

mother> father and older &rother ere res"onsi&le for the death of their sisters Cris#olani> $712B

%he sus"e#ts ere ta3en to the "oli#e headuarters and ere se"arated for further uestioning

%he ins"e#tors ere harder than e-er> grilling them for hours ith o-erhelming e-iden#e>

urging them to #ome #lean Cor some the story got #hanged and some stood &y the original story>

#ontinuing to s"e lies Multi"le -ersions of the story ere told and the truth as hard to find

Cris#olani> $712B %he #ourt #ase &egan O#to&er $7th $711 %he a##used truly &elie-ed they

ere inno#ent %hen> the e-iden#e as seen to &e a&undant and #om"elling %estimonies ere

gi-en &y "eo"le ho had intera#ted ith the family tea#hers> so#ial or3ers e-en "oli#e O-er

si6 ee3s> fifty itnesses ere #alled and the defense layer did not #hallenge most of the

a##ounts 5-en the a##used 3illers testified Instead of not su&De#ting themsel-es to #ross

e6amination> &oth Mohammad and %oo&a> ent on the stand Cris#olani> $ Mohammad had an

inno#ent e6"lanation for e-erything> ne-er "utting himself at fault %hat is until the #ross

e6amination &egan %he "rose#utor got Mohammed to admit he thought of his daughters as

hores and that they deser-ed to die> &ut he did not murder them He s"ent to days on stand

hile his ife s"ent si6 days 5a#h uestion as3ed of %oo&a lead her to a long inded res"onse

a&out Carsi e6"ressions or motherly lo-e or ho si#3 and forgetful she as that night Hoe-er>

the Dury sa right through her a#t %hey 3ne she as sim"ly saying lies to es#a"e the

"unishment that #ould &efall her After hearing all #ases> it only too3 the Dury 1/ hours to #ome to

a -erdi#t Guilty 5a#h re#ei-ed a life senten#e in "rison ith no #han#e of "arole for tenty fi-e

years Cris#olani> $712B

%he 'anadian go-ernment released a re"ort through the (e"artment of !usti#e #alled?9reliminary 56amination of soE#alled Honour Killings in 'anada@ It has &een modified as of

Se"tem&er $71/ %he re"ort e6amines honour 3illings in 'anada> on an international s#ale>

through history> and "rofiles of the -i#tims and the "er"etrators %his re"ort introdu#ed honour

3illings as an issue in 'anada that #an &e #hanged After seeing a rise in honour &ased #rimes>

there as a ne#essity to define and identify these #rimes so they #an &e re#ogni0ed and sto""ed


31/41

HONOUR KILLINGS *1

&efore they are e-en #ommitted 9reliminary 56amination of soE#alled Honour Killings in

'anadaB


32/41

HONOUR KILLINGS *$

19. #olutions

A glo&al solution for this "ro&lem is edu#ation All le-els of "eo"le need to &e informed of this

issue Crom #ommunity mem&ers to "oli#e dete#ti-es to "oliti#ians> they all need to &e informed

enough to identify and dis#uss this e"idemi# It #annot &e o-erloo3ed or ignored It is only ith"ro"er information that all "eo"le #an or3 together to &ring an end to this issue Cuuse> $71*B

%hough seeming #ounterE"rodu#ti-e> e-ery honour 3illing may s"ar3 the solution 5a#h #ase

&egins a re&ellion against the "atriar#hy> ha-ing their -alues under atta#3 %he -i#tims ish to

"ush the traditional &oundaries and they anted to assert their rights %hey "aid the ultimate

"ri#e for their a#tions &ut it as im"ortant that they tried ;hile it deters some> it en#ourages

other and gi-ing them ho"e for a ne future More re&els ill follo and if enough rise u"> they

#ould start a mo-ement that ends the "ra#ti#e of honour 3illings 'hesler> $71$B

Some general solutions #an &e found if e loo3 into the la#3 of aareness and statisti#s In

5uro"e> the issue is largely hidden from "u&li# -ie Statisti#s are not #on#rete> #ausing

#onfusion and then general disinterest ith the to"i# If this issue as tal3ed a&out more> and

gi-en "ro"er resear#h> the "u&li# ould #are more %his ould lead to more mo-ement amongst

the #ommunity to end this e"idemi# Staff> $77.B

Among immigration authorities> there must &e an aareness of this issue Informing immigrants

from #ountries here these honour #rimes are #ommon that it is against the la to &eat girls and

omen> that honour 3illings are a #rime that ill result in &oth the murderers and a##om"li#es

&eing "rose#uted It must &e #lear u"on arri-al that ma3ing e6#uses to deal ith #ulture and

religion ill not &e tolerated or a##e"ted 'hesler> $77=B

In nations that do not see many honour 3illing #ases> li3e 'anada and the US> la enfor#ement

and the #ommunity need to &e a &ig "art of the solution La enfor#ement needs to or3

diligently to end this issue &ut they must "ro-ide "rote#tion as ell Not only for "otential

-i#tims &ut for #ommunity mem&ers ho "ro-ide information #on#erning an honour 3illing #ase

%hose ho #ome forard #ould &e in danger in their #ommunity for trying to hel" Cor all

nations> the media needs to de-alue these "ra#ti#es It #an ne-er seem o3ay to murder anyone

&e#ause of only honour Ma3ing e6am"les of "eo"le> and s"reading the message that these

murders are in no ay a##e"ta&le ill ha-e a "ositi-e result Ha-ing offi#ials and im"ortant


33/41

HONOUR KILLINGS **

religious figures "u&li#ally denoun#e these 3illings ill hel" the mo-ement +eing serious a&out

the fa#t that that these 3illings are ha""ening in our homes> to our #hildren ;e need to sto"

anyone ho &elie-es these murders are o3ay %hey are not honoura&le men &ut #oardly

dishonoura&le murderers G (yer> "ersonal #ommuni#ation> Mar#h $4> $712B

Some solutions #annot &e a""lied on an international le-el &ut #ould &e im"lemented in many

nations A #risis line for omen and girls to #all and get information or get ad-i#e is a solution

that #ould or3 in 'anada If the line ere anonymous and #onfidential> there may &e less ris3 to

the #aller and they ould feel more #omforta&le to rea#h out to the #ommunity for hel" %his line

should not &e used for emergen#y situation It ould not re"la#e la enfor#ements in dangerous

situation %he line #ould dire#t the #aller to the &est resour#e Hoe-er> if a oman as thin3ing

a&out lea-ing an a&usi-e home and she didn a #risis line #ould hel" her

start the "ro#ess and ma3e sure the #aller stays safe %here are many #risis lines that s"e#ify in

-iolen#e against omen %he #allers #ould &e es#a"ing a&use and assault> loo3ing for emotional

su""ort or shelter among other reasons ?Honour 3illings "ossi&le solutions@> $71$B

Hoe-er> hen resear#hing it &e#ame a""arent that no #risis in 'anada do not ad-ertise &eing a

resour#e for honour &ased -iolen#e %here is a #harity &ased in the UK #alled Karma Nir-ana

hi#h s"e#iali0es in honour &ased a&use and for#ed marriage Hoe-er> this seems li3e an

isolated #ase If a #risis line li3e this as in "la#e in e-ery #ountry> there is a "ossi&ly that

-i#tims may &e a&le to do &etter ?;ho e are@> $712B

In ea#h #ase the #ontrol lies ith the 3iller &ut on a larger s#ale> the #ontrol is ith the

go-ernment and the "atriar#hal so#iety %he men #ommitting these murders -alue honour so

highly that they &elie-e hat they are doing is #orre#t %hat 3illing one "erson ill u"hold the

honour of the rest of the family Kristof> $712B%his so#iety #ontrols omen as they &e#ome

-i#tims of a&use and then murder As long as omen are regarded as less than human> these

murders ill #ontinue A #hange in this o"inion and -ie is ho honour 3illings ill &e

eradi#ated from the orld ?9reliminary e6amination of soE#alled honour 3illings< in 'anada@>

$71/B

%he 3illers in these #ases are trying to "rote#t their honour In some #ultures> honour is in#redi&ly

im"ortant It is> also> a family matter It does not matter ho one handles themsel-es &e#ause


34/41

HONOUR KILLINGS *.

their a#tions refle#t u"on the entire grou" A father ho attem"ted to 3ill his daughter in the

name of honour as inter-ieed after &eing ta3en to Dail and e6"lained the #on#e"t of honour> ?

Murder is murder> there is no honour in ta3ing the life of another human in the name of honour

It ill ta3e time and it ould &e orth it if the "ra#ti#e of honour 3illings is e6terminated from

our orld It ill ta3e edu#ation> #olla&oration> enfor#ement and unity a#ross the orld to

fore-er &e rid of these murders in the name of soE#alled honour


35/41

HONOUR KILLINGS */

;or3 'ited

A&out deeyah $712B (eeyah Retrie-ed from htt":deeyah#oma&outEdeeyah

Ali> R $712> Ce&ruary 2B A "oerful do#umentary a&out "a3istan !anuary $=B %he Shafia trial at a glan#e '+' nes 'anada Retrie-ed from

htt":##anes#anadatheEshafiaEtrialEatEaEglan#eE111=.=**

'hesler> 9 $77=B Are honour 3illings sim"ly domesti# -iolen#e Middle east forum Retrie-ed

from: htt":meforumorg$728areEhonorE3illingsEsim"lyEdomesti#E-iolen#e

'hesler> 9 $717B ;orldide trends in honour 3illings Middle east forum Retrie-ed from:

htt":meforumorg$2.2orldideEtrendsEinEhonorE3illings

'hesler> 9 N + $71$B Hindu -s muslim honor 3illings Middle east forum Retrie-ed from:

htt":meforumorg*$48hinduEmuslimEhonorE3illings

'hesler> 9 $71/B ;hen omen #ommit honor 3illings Middle east forum Retrie-ed from:

htt":meforumorg/.88henEomenE#ommitEhonorE3illings

(efintion of honour 3illing $712B O6ford di#tionaries Retrie-ed from:

htt":o6forddi#tionaries#omdefinitionenglishhonourE3illing


36/41


37/41

HONOUR KILLINGS *8

Iranian and Kurdish ;omen R $711> A"ril 1=B Honor 3illings ' resear#her Retrie-ed from:

htt":li&rary#"ress#om#resear#herdo#ument"h"idT#rglo&al$7117.1=77ty"eT

hitlistnumT7

Kristof> N $712> !anuary *7B Her father shot her in the head> as an honor 3illing %he ne

yor3 times Retrie-ed from: htt":nytimes#om$71271*1o"inionsundayherEfatherE

shotEherEinEtheEheadEasEanEhonorE3illinghtml

Os#ars $712> Mar#h $*B A Girl in the Ri-er: %he 9ri#e of Corgi-eness inning +est

(o#umentary Short Y,ideo fileZ Retrie-ed from htt"s:youtu&e#om at#h

-T2M&A/y%eA

9reliminary e6amination of soE#alled honour 3illings in 'anada $71/> Se"tem&er .B

(e"artment of Dusti#e Retrie-ed from: htt":Dusti#eg##aengr"E"r#DED"f-E-fh3E

#hto#Etdmhtml

S#reenSlam $712> Ce&ruary $=B A Girl in the Ri-er: Shareen O&aidE'hinoy Os#ars +a#3stage

Inter-ie $712B Y,ideo fileZ Retrie-ed from htt"s:youtu&e#om at#h

-TD;!;S4'A'7

Staff> ( $77.> !une $*B 5uro"e gra""les ith honor 3illings (; Retrie-ed from:

htt":d#omeneuro"eEgra""lesEithEhonorE3illingsaE1$...72

%ar> $71.> Ce&ruary 17B Life in "rison in rosin [i[e3 #ase LG%+I nes tur3ey Retrie-ed

from htt"s:lg&tinestur3ey#om$71.7$17lifeEinE"risonEforErosinE#i#e3EgayEmurderE

#ase

%ri""> R $71$> O#to&er $8B ;ithout honour: the true story of the shafia family and the

3ingston #anal murders National "ost Retrie-ed from

htt":nesnational"ost#omnes #anada gi-eEmeEaayEifEheEisEaEgoodEmanEanE


38/41

HONOUR KILLINGS *4

e6#er"tEfromEithoutEhonourEtheEtrueEstoryEofEtheEshafiaEfamilyEandEtheE3ingstonE#analE

murders

United Nations ndB 5nding -iolen#e against omen and girls Resour#es for s"ea3ers on

glo&al issues Retrie-ed from htt":unorgenglo&alissues&riefing"a"ersend-iolinde6shtml

,aidya> N $712B omens rights in the orld AE#lio solutions Retrie-ed from:

htt":issuesaE#lio#omSear#h(is"lay17=47/7termsThonorJ$73illings


39/41

HONOUR KILLINGS *=

Murder in the Name of Honour: a Study of Honour Killings

9art 8E 17

Sierra !ose"h

Innisdale Se#ondary S#hool


40/41

HONOUR KILLINGS .7

Resour#es:

htt":d#omeneuro"eEgra""lesEithEhonorE3illingsaE1$...72

htt":neyor3er#om#ulture#ultureEdes3aE"oerfulEdo#umentaryEa&outE"a3istansE

honorE3illings

htt":ou3ethi#shonour#rimes#rimesofhonour1shtml

htt":nytimes#om$71271*1o"inionsundayherEfatherEshotEherEinEtheEheadEasEanE

honorE3illinghtmlrrefT#olle#tion#olumnni#holasE

3ristofa#tionT#li#3#ontent'olle#tionTo"inionregionTstreammoduleTstreamunit-ersio

nTlatest#ontent9la#ementT="gty"eT#olle#tionrT1

htt":gogalegrou"#om"sidoidTGAL5

J8'A.$=/2/.=8-T$1uT&arrieitTr"TAON5sTasidTa4#2$8d=f77f*/e44/e7$$d/

4$#&e*4*

htt":meforumorg$2.2orldideEtrendsEinEhonorE3illingsVftn1

htt":nesnational"ost#omnes#anadashafiaE"arentsEandEsonE#on-i#tedEinEhonourE3illingE

ofEfourEfamilyEmem&ersEsee3EneEtrial

htt":gogalegrou"#om"sidoidTGAL5

J8'A.18.*7*4/-T$1uT&arrieitTr"TAON5sTasidT22444&7f/=18&8fe4&8$$=$

=$e4e&d&e

htt":Dusti#eg##aengr"E"r#DED"f-E-fh3E#h"1htmlVa1

htt":meforumorg*$48hinduEmuslimEhonorE3illingsVftn$

htt":englishalara&iyanetenNesorld$71/7817%ur3ishEomanEdetainedEo-erEhonorE

3illingEofEhus&andEhtml

htt":meforumorg$728areEhonorE3illingsEsim"lyEdomesti#E-iolen#e


41/41

HONOUR KILLINGS .1

htt":-iolen#eisnotour#ultureorg#ontenttur3ishElaEre"la#esEhonorE3illingEsui#ides

htt":hurriyetdailynes#omdefaultas"6"ageidT.*4nToneEtransse6ualEoneEomanE

3illedE&yEfamilyEinEtur3eyE$711E17E78

htt":huffington"ost#om$711171$tur3eyEhonorE3illingsn1778**/html

htt":huffington"ost#omnestur3eyEhonorE3illings

htt":h&-Eaareness#omtoday

htt":meforumorg$888&anEtheE&ura

htt":gogalegrou"#om"sidoidTGAL5J8'A.$=/2/.=8-T$1uT&arrieitTr"TAON5sTasidTa4#2$8d=f77f*/e44/e7$$d/

4$#&e*4*

htt":oiseutoronto#alhaeCa#ultyStaff1/74Shahr0adMoDa&html

htt":unf"aorg"u&li#ationsstateEorldE"o"ulationE$777

htt":hurriyetdailynes#om.E"eo"leEmurderedEe-eryEdayEinEtur3eyEinE$71/E"oli#eE

re#ordsEshoas"6"ageI(T$*4nI(T=.*77Nes'atI(T/7=

htt":in3dro"netnes

htt":7Ee&ae&s#ohost#omsierraEa""&arrie"u&li#li&rary#a"o-detaildetailsidT$17*f#7dE

4**fE.=1aE=811E

*&$a42/1.dd.J.7sessionmgr.77*-idT7hidT.17.&dataT!m6h&m#=Q;.t$5m#$l7Q%1

&*t$CuVANT+KM7RGK$7127$$*7=/.77718d&T"*h EEEEEEEEEEEEEE COR SOLU%IONS

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Murder in the Name of Honour

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