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MUSCLE NAMES & MOVEMENTNovember 8, 2013
Rules of Muscle Movement
1. All muscles have at least two points of attachment.• The origin is attached to the less movable bone• The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone.
2. Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push.
3. During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin.
interactive animation!
If muscles can’t push, how do we do the opposite movement?
How do we extend the arm?
Rules of Muscle Movement
1. All muscles have at least two points of attachment.• The origin is attached to the less movable bone• The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone.
2. Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push.
3. During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin.
interactive animation!
Different muscles – called antagonists – do the opposite movement.
Example: biceps flexes the elbow while the triceps extends the muscle.
Movements• Flexion – a movement that decreases
the angle between two bones, bringing them closer together.
• Extension – a movement that increases the angle between two bones, putting them farther apart.
• Hyperextension – extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion
Movements• abduction – movement of a limb away from the midline
of the body.
• adduction – movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
Movements• rotation – movement of a bone
raround its longitudinal axis
• circumduction – the proximal end of a limb is stationary while the distal end moves in a circle
Movements of the foot
• dorsiflexion – lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin
• plantar flexion – pointing the toes
• inversion – turning sole medially
• eversion – turning sole laterally
Movements of radius and ulna
• supination – turning the palm so that it faces anteriorly
mnemonic: cupping a bowl of soup in your palm
• pronation– turning the palm so that it faces posteriorly
Movements
Work with a partner to come up with 5 ways to do each of the following movements:• Flexion• Extension• Hyperextension• Abduction• Adduction• circumduction
Types of Muscles• Prime mover – muscle that has the major responsibility for
a movement
• Antagonist – muscle that opposes / reverse a movement
Muscles can be both a prime mover and an antagonist – of different motions.
Example:
Movement Prime mover Antagonist
Elbow flexion Biceps brachii Triceps brachii
Elbow extension Triceps brachii Biceps brachii
Types of Muscles• Prime mover – muscle that has the major responsibility for
a movement
• Antagonist – muscle that opposes / reverse a movement
• Synergist – muscles that assist movement by also producing the motion or stabilizing joints and reducing unwanted movements.
Ex: brachialis and brachioradialis are synergists of elbow
flexion because they help the biceps
Types of Muscles• Prime mover – muscle that has the major responsibility for a
movement
• Antagonist – muscle that opposes / reverse a movement
• Synergist – muscles that assist movement by also producing the motion or stabilizing joints and reducing unwanted movements.
• Fixator – a type of synergist that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover, so that only the insertion moves.
Example: the rotator cuff muscles of scapula are fixators
for elbow flexion.
Muscle names, locations, & actionsMuscles of the anterior face and neckName Origin Insertion Action
Masseter Temporal bone mandible Close jaw
Temporalis Temporal bone mandible Close jaw
Sternocleidomastoid Sternum & clavical
Mastoid process of temporal bone
Flexes neck & rotates head
You don’t need to memorize origins and insertions – you do need to know where each is and what they do.
Muscle names, locations, & actionsMuscles of the anterior trunkName Origin Insertion Action
Pectoralis major
Sternum, clavicle, and first 6 ribs
Proximal humerus Adducts and flexes humerus
Rectus abdominis
pubis Sternum and ribs 5-7 Flexes vertebral column
External oblique
Lower 8 ribs Iliac crest Flexes & rotates vertebral column
Muscle names, locations, & actionsMuscles of the posterior trunkName Origin Insertion Action
trapezius Occipital bone , cervicle and thoracic vertebrae
Scapular spine and clavicle
Extends neck and adducts scapula
Latissimus dorsi
Lower spine and iliac crest
Proximal humerus Extends and adducts humerus
deltoid Scapula and clavicle humerus Abducts humerus
Muscle names, locations, & actionsMuscles of the armName Origin Insertion Action
Biceps brachii
scapula radius Flexes elbow and supinates forearm
Triceps brachii
Shoulder girdle and humerus
ulna Extends elbow
Muscle names, locations, & actionsMuscles of the anterior hip and thighName Origin Insertion Action
adductor pelvis femur Adducts thigh
sartorius ilium tibia Flex thigh
quadriceps Femur and pelvis tibia Flex hip and extend knee
Muscle names, locations, & actionsMuscles of the posterior hip and thighName Origin Insertion Action
Gluteus maximus Sacrum and ilium femur Extends thigh
Gluteus medius ilium tibia Abducts thigh
hamstrings Femur and pelvis tibia Extend thigh and flex knee
Practice 1• Find as many examples as you can of prime mover –
antagonist pairs in the muscles just listed
• Find as many synergist muscles as you can in the muscles just listed
~5 min
Practice 2 – fill in diagrams
Practice 3
In groups of 4-6, play “Simon Says” using the new vocabulary
(e.g. Simon says abduct your humerus;
Simon says use your quadriceps group)
Simon can use notes. Try to trick each other!
Closure• What were our objectives, and what did you learn about
them.
• How does what we did today address our unit question?
Exit Ticket• Describe the motion of the sartorius and name a synergist
and an antagonist