MusclesMuscles

GCSE PEGCSE PE

Types of muscleTypes of muscle

• CardiacCardiac

• InvoluntaryInvoluntary

• VoluntaryVoluntary

Voluntary muscle

Cardiac muscle

Muscle typesMuscle typesCardiacCardiac

InvoluntaryInvoluntary

VoluntaryVoluntary

• Smooth muscle Smooth muscle • Found only in the heartFound only in the heart• Never fatiguesNever fatigues• Work automaticallyWork automatically

• Smooth muscle Smooth muscle • Make up the organs, Make up the organs, blood vessels, blood vessels, intestinesintestines• Work automaticallyWork automatically

• Striated muscle Striated muscle • Attach to the skeletonAttach to the skeleton• Work under conscious Work under conscious controlcontrol

Structure of skeletal muscleStructure of skeletal muscle

Muscle groupsMuscle groups

Can you identify some of the major muscle groups on these drawings?Can you identify some of the major muscle groups on these drawings?

Now try the ‘Active Challenge’ Now try the ‘Active Challenge’ at the bottom of page 133 in at the bottom of page 133 in Folens GCSE PE for EdexcelFolens GCSE PE for Edexcel

Muscle tableMuscle table

Choose two each from the arms, legs, back & front and any two othersChoose two each from the arms, legs, back & front and any two others

MuscleMuscle Location Location (where is it found?)(where is it found?)

Function Function (what does it do?)(what does it do?)

Try to remember the names of the bones or joints underneath the muscles Try to remember the names of the bones or joints underneath the muscles

Types of muscle fibreTypes of muscle fibre

• Fast twitchFast twitch– Contract quicklyContract quickly– Tire easilyTire easily

• Slow twitchSlow twitch– Contract slowlyContract slowly– Keep going for a Keep going for a

long timelong time

Compare and contrastCompare and contrastFast twitchFast twitch

11

22

33

44

Slow twitchSlow twitch

11

22

33

44

Fill in what you can and then read page 136 in your text for more ideasFill in what you can and then read page 136 in your text for more ideas

Muscles at workMuscles at work

• Muscles work in Muscles work in pairspairs• Muscles attach to at Muscles attach to at

least two different least two different bonesbones

• Muscles attach to Muscles attach to bones via bones via tendonstendons

• Muscles can only Muscles can only pullpull• The end of the muscle The end of the muscle

that is fixed is called that is fixed is called the the originorigin

• The end of the muscle The end of the muscle that moves is called the that moves is called the insertioninsertion

Muscle pairs in action

Antagonistic pairing

Right click on the hyperlink to open it in a Right click on the hyperlink to open it in a new windownew window

The muscle that contracts is called theThe muscle that contracts is called the agonistagonist

The muscle that relaxes is called theThe muscle that relaxes is called the antagonistantagonist

Now complete ‘Tasks 4 and 5’ Now complete ‘Tasks 4 and 5’ on page 135on page 135 in in

Folens GCSE PE for EdexcelFolens GCSE PE for Edexcel

Muscle toneMuscle tone

• Muscles rarely relax completely

• Their constant state of readiness is called muscle tonemuscle tone

• Muscle tone helps with maintaining good postureposture

• Good posture is important for Good posture is important for general healthgeneral health and also important in many and also important in many sportssports

• Now read page 137 and complete task 7Now read page 137 and complete task 7