Date post: | 31-Dec-2015 |
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Objectives
• Identify the muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm in terms of their origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions.
• Know the neurovascular structures in the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm.
• Discuss the functions of the muscles in the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm.
Names of the Muscles of forearm
• Long names: good guide to location and function• Location: ie. superficial / deep
radial / ulnar
• Function: ie. flexor / extensor adductor / abductor
• Does it act on the thumb (pollux) or the fingers (digits)?
Functional Organization
• Anterior compartment – flexor / pronator• Posterior Compartment – extensor /
supinator• Flex the wrist ………[flexor]• Extend the wrist ……..[extensor]• Pronate the forearm ……..[pronator]• Acting on wrist (carpus) only ……[carpi]• Acting on fingers ……..[digiti / digitorum]• Acting on thumb (pollux) ……[pollicus]
Movements of fingers.
Metacarpophalangeal (condyloid joints):flexion / extension and abduction / adduction
Interphalangeal (hinge joints): flexion / extension
XX
Movements of the thumb – a specialized digit, occur atright angles to the fingers. Mainly at the Carpometacarpal(saddle) joint. MCP – condyloid; IP – hinge (like fingers).
Anterior Compartment of forearm
Superficial:Common flexor origin Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Functional organization:
Only flex at the wrist.
Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
Anterior Compartment of forearm
Deep Posterior Compartment
Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis Supinator
Functional Organization: Extend Hand At Wrist Extend / Abduct Thumb Extend Index Finger Supinate
Superior and Inferior radioulnar Joints
Superior radioulnar Joint: Head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna Type: Pivot joint). It is held in place by the annular ligament. Radio-ulnar articulation is stabilized by interosseous membrane.
Inferior radioulnar Joint:
Neurovasculature (deep).
Lateral: - radial artery - radial nerve
Midline: - median nerve- anterior interosseus a. - anterior interosseus n.(deep branch of median)
Medial: - ulnar artery(gives off common interosseus artery divides into anterior and posterior branches)
- ulner nerve
Neurovasculature.
Radial nerve and its branches supplyall muscles in posterior compartment, including Brachioradialis (!).
- superficial radial nerve- deep radial nerve - posterior interosseous nerve.
Posterior interosseous artery runs between superficial and deep muscles
Radial & Ulnar Arteries
mediallateral
Ulnar artery
Common interosseousAnteriorPosterior
Dorsal and palmer carpal branches
Radial artery
superficial (deep)palmar arches
Deep (superficial) palmar arches
Dorsal and palmer carpal branches
RELATION OF ARTERIES, NERVES AND TENDONS AT THE WRIST NANAN
Superficial Radial Nerve Radial Artery Median Nerve Ulnar Artery Ulnar Nerve
1. Brachioradialis
2. Superficial Radial n.
3. Radial Artery
4. Flexor Carpi Radialis
5. Median Nerve
6. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
7. Ulnar Artery
8. Ulnar Nerve
9. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
MOVING LATERAL TO MEDIAL 1-9
Thumb