Muscular System Muscular System

Key medical root: “Myo”Key medical root: “Myo”

MusclesMuscles

PurposePurposeWe have approx 600 musclesWe have approx 600 musclesProvide movement of body by “lifting” Provide movement of body by “lifting”

the bonesthe bonesContribute to posture, produce body Contribute to posture, produce body

heat, and protect human bodyheat, and protect human bodyThey cover our entire bodyThey cover our entire body

Where there is a bone, there is a muscle(s) Where there is a bone, there is a muscle(s) to move it.to move it.

Basic TerminologyBasic Terminology Name of muscles come from the Latin Name of muscles come from the Latin

languagelanguage OriginOrigin

Place where the muscle beginsPlace where the muscle begins It is stationary (doesn’t move)It is stationary (doesn’t move)

InsertionInsertion Place where muscle endsPlace where muscle ends This is the place where the muscle lifts that This is the place where the muscle lifts that

particular boneparticular bone AntagonistsAntagonists

OppositesOpposites One muscle flexes a joint; another muscle One muscle flexes a joint; another muscle

extends itextends it

Types of MuscleTypes of Muscle

1) Skeletal1) Skeletal Also called voluntary muscleAlso called voluntary muscle

Why, they are the muscles we can consciously move. Why, they are the muscles we can consciously move. They are the ones that move our bonesThey are the ones that move our bones

2) Cardiac2) Cardiac The heart is a muscle that beats/contractsThe heart is a muscle that beats/contracts It is It is involuntaryinvoluntary

3) Smooth3) Smooth Found on walls of blood vessels and intestines Found on walls of blood vessels and intestines

to allow them to dilate and/or contractto allow them to dilate and/or contract They are They are involuntary.involuntary.

Attachment to BoneAttachment to Bone

LigamentsLigaments- Rubber-band like - Rubber-band like tissue that connects bone to tissue that connects bone to bone, typically to keep a joint bone, typically to keep a joint in placein place

Tendons-Tendons- Rubber-band tissue Rubber-band tissue that connects that connects bone to musclebone to muscle Most famous tendons?Most famous tendons? Achilles Tendon connects your Achilles Tendon connects your

calcaneus (heel) bone to your calcaneus (heel) bone to your posterior calf muscles.posterior calf muscles.

Popliteal tendonPopliteal tendon Axillary TendonAxillary Tendon

Both tendons and ligaments Both tendons and ligaments are white are white

Both are avascular meaning Both are avascular meaning they don’t receive a lot of they don’t receive a lot of bloodblood Therefore, slow to heal.Therefore, slow to heal.

Biceps vs Triceps (Antagonist Biceps vs Triceps (Antagonist Group #1)Group #1)

Bicep BrachiiBicep Brachii Flexes the elbow jtFlexes the elbow jt

Origin-ScapulaOrigin-Scapula Insertion-RadiusInsertion-Radius

Tricep BrachiiTricep Brachii Extends the elbow Extends the elbow

jtjtOrigin: ScapulaOrigin: Scapula Insertion: UlnaInsertion: Ulna

VocabularyVocabulary To don (v) – to put something onTo don (v) – to put something on To doff (v)- to take something ofTo doff (v)- to take something of To besmirch (v)- to stain someone’s reputationTo besmirch (v)- to stain someone’s reputation To prevaricate (v)- to stray or evade from the truth; to To prevaricate (v)- to stray or evade from the truth; to

lielie To befuddle (v) befuddled (adj)- to confuseTo befuddle (v) befuddled (adj)- to confuse Enigma (n)- something/something that is puzzling, Enigma (n)- something/something that is puzzling,

riddle-like, or mysteriousriddle-like, or mysterious To propagate (v)- to spread or multiplyTo propagate (v)- to spread or multiply Prerogative (n) – a special right or privilege given to a Prerogative (n) – a special right or privilege given to a

person/organizationperson/organization To augment (v) – to make larger in size; to grow To augment (v) – to make larger in size; to grow

AbbreviationsAbbreviations

cxr- Chest X-raycxr- Chest X-ray KUB- Abdominal X-rayKUB- Abdominal X-ray ASA- AspirinASA- Aspirin APAP – Acetaminophen (Tylenol)APAP – Acetaminophen (Tylenol) BP – blood pressureBP – blood pressure OS- left eyeOS- left eye OD- right eyeOD- right eye BS- blood sugarBS- blood sugar gtt- drop (gtts-drops)gtt- drop (gtts-drops) po – by mouthpo – by mouth

ForearmForearmMuscles that Supinate/PronateMuscles that Supinate/Pronate

Pronator TeresPronator Teres Allows us to pronate the Allows us to pronate the

arm (palm facing ground)arm (palm facing ground)

Supinator MuscleSupinator Muscle Allows us to supinate Allows us to supinate

(palm facing up)(palm facing up) Biceps does as wellBiceps does as well

Note: Most muscles to Note: Most muscles to move your fingers are not move your fingers are not in your hand, but in your in your hand, but in your forearm.forearm. Tendons connect them to Tendons connect them to

your metacarpals and your metacarpals and phalangesphalanges

Lifting the Arm from the Lifting the Arm from the ShoulderShoulder

Abduction/AdductionAbduction/Adduction Lifting the arm (at the Lifting the arm (at the

shoulder joint) requires the shoulder joint) requires the use of three major musclesuse of three major muscles

3 Prime Movers of Arm3 Prime Movers of Arm DeltoidsDeltoids

Origin: ClavicleOrigin: Clavicle Insertion: HumerusInsertion: Humerus Common site of Common site of

injections/shotsinjections/shots

Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major Your “pecs”-large Your “pecs”-large

chest/breast muscleschest/breast muscles Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, Origin: Clavicle, Sternum,

and Ribsand Ribs Insertion: HumerusInsertion: Humerus

Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi Your “lats”-large muscle on Your “lats”-large muscle on

your MIDDLE BACK!your MIDDLE BACK! Origin: Posterior Lower RibsOrigin: Posterior Lower Ribs Insertion: HumerusInsertion: Humerus

Throwing MotionThrowing MotionRotator Cuff MusclesRotator Cuff Muscles

To throw something, To throw something, you use your 4 Rotator you use your 4 Rotator Cuff musclesCuff muscles

They are all located on They are all located on the posterior Scapulathe posterior Scapula 1. Supraspinatus 1. Supraspinatus

““Above the scapular Above the scapular spine”spine”

2. Infraspinatus2. Infraspinatus ““Below the scapular Below the scapular

spine”spine” 3. Teres Minor3. Teres Minor 4. Teres Major 4. Teres Major Common baseball Common baseball

pitcher injurypitcher injury

Muscles of Head and Muscles of Head and TrunkTrunk

HeadHead

BuccinatorBuccinator Orbicularis OralisOrbicularis Oralis

Allows use to Allows use to smile/kiss/whistlesmile/kiss/whistle

Orbicularis OculiOrbicularis Oculi Allows us to blinkAllows us to blink

MasseterMasseter Allows us to chewAllows us to chew Wraps around Wraps around

mandiblemandible

Antagonist #2 (Head Movement)Antagonist #2 (Head Movement)

SternocleidomastoiSternocleidomastoidd Look at the nameLook at the name

Origin: SternumOrigin: Sternum Insertion: Mastoid Insertion: Mastoid

process of temporal process of temporal bone of craniumbone of cranium

Allows us to flex Allows us to flex the head the head

Occipital/Atlas joint Occipital/Atlas joint Allows us to rotate Allows us to rotate

the head the head C1-C2 jointC1-C2 joint

Antagonist #2 Head Antagonist #2 Head ExtensionExtension

The antagonist to the The antagonist to the sternocleidomastoid is the sternocleidomastoid is the Trapezius (“The Traps”)Trapezius (“The Traps”) Upper back muscleUpper back muscle Allows us to extend the Allows us to extend the

headhead Origin-Occipital boneOrigin-Occipital bone Insertion- T-spine and Insertion- T-spine and

clavicleclavicle

Antagonist #3 Movement of Antagonist #3 Movement of TrunkTrunk

2 muscle groups 2 muscle groups flex and extend the flex and extend the trunk of the bodytrunk of the body

Flex the trunkFlex the trunk 1. 1. Rectus Abdominus Rectus Abdominus

“the abs”“the abs”OriginOrigin-Sternum -Sternum

(Xiphoid Process)(Xiphoid Process) InsertionInsertion-Pubic -Pubic

Symphisis Symphisis ObliquesObliques

Lateral Flexion of Lateral Flexion of TrunkTrunk

Movement of Trunk (Con’t)Movement of Trunk (Con’t)

2. Erector Spinae2. Erector Spinae Extension of trunk, THE Extension of trunk, THE

ANTAGONIST TO THE ABS.ANTAGONIST TO THE ABS. Crucial for proper postureCrucial for proper posture Serves as antagonist to Serves as antagonist to

abdominal muscles.abdominal muscles. OriginOrigin: Sacrum: Sacrum InsertionInsertion: Occipital bone: Occipital bone Made of 3 partsMade of 3 parts

SpinalisSpinalis IliocostalisIliocostalis LongissimusLongissimus

Bonus!Bonus!

Lower Extremity Lower Extremity MusclesMuscles

Antagonist #4 (Leg Lifting Antagonist #4 (Leg Lifting Muscles)Muscles)

1. Iliopsoas1. Iliopsoas Made of 2 musclesMade of 2 muscles On anterior aspect of On anterior aspect of

bodybody Flexes the hip joint Flexes the hip joint

(i.e. lifts the entire (i.e. lifts the entire leg)leg)

Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus Extends the hip jointExtends the hip joint Located on the Located on the

“booty”“booty”

Antagonist #5-Knee Lifting Antagonist #5-Knee Lifting MusclesMuscles

2 main muscle groups2 main muscle groups 1. The Hamstrings1. The Hamstrings

Located on posterior Located on posterior aspect of thighaspect of thigh

Flexes the knee!Flexes the knee! Made up of 3 musclesMade up of 3 muscles

Bicep FemorisBicep Femoris SemimembranousSemimembranous SemitendinousSemitendinous

BonusBonus Origin: Ischial Origin: Ischial

tuberosity of ischiumtuberosity of ischium Insertion: Posterior Insertion: Posterior

TibiaTibia

Antagonist #5 Knee Lifting Antagonist #5 Knee Lifting Muscles (cont)Muscles (cont)

2. Quadriceps2. Quadriceps Located on anterior aspect Located on anterior aspect

of thighof thigh Extends the knee!Extends the knee! Made of 4 musclesMade of 4 muscles

Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris VastusVastus

LateralLateral MedialMedial IntermediusIntermedius

BonusBonus Origin: Proximal FemurOrigin: Proximal Femur Insertion: Tibial (Shin Insertion: Tibial (Shin

bone)bone)

Antagonist to the Antagonist to the HamstringsHamstrings

Abduction/Adduction of LegAbduction/Adduction of Leg

SartoriusSartorius Longest muscle in the Longest muscle in the

body!!body!! ““Leg Crossing” MuscleLeg Crossing” Muscle Responsible for ABDUCTION Responsible for ABDUCTION

of leg (moving leg out)of leg (moving leg out) Origin: Iliac Crest of Origin: Iliac Crest of

Ilium of PelvisIlium of Pelvis Insertion: TibiaInsertion: Tibia

Adductor Muscle GroupAdductor Muscle Group Responsible for Responsible for

ADDUCTION (moving leg in)ADDUCTION (moving leg in)

Knee JointKnee Joint

Quadriceps muscle Quadriceps muscle forms the Quadriceps forms the Quadriceps TendonTendon

It extends over the It extends over the patella turns into the patella turns into the patellar tendon patellar tendon The patella is formed by The patella is formed by

the constant movement the constant movement of the leg.of the leg.

Patellar Tendon Patellar Tendon inserts at the Tibial inserts at the Tibial tuberositytuberosity

Antagonist #6 Lower Leg Antagonist #6 Lower Leg MusclesMuscles

Muscles that cover the Muscles that cover the tibia and fibulatibia and fibula

Allow us to dorsiflex Allow us to dorsiflex (point toes toward the (point toes toward the head) head)

and plantar flex (point and plantar flex (point toward the ground)toward the ground)

1. Anterior Tibialis1. Anterior Tibialis On anterior side of tibiaOn anterior side of tibia Allows us to dorsiflexAllows us to dorsiflex

Lower Leg Muscles (Con’t)Lower Leg Muscles (Con’t)

2. Gastrocnemius2. Gastrocnemius Allows us to Allows us to

plantar flexplantar flex (point (point toes away)toes away)

Origin: FemurOrigin: Femur Insertion: Calcaneus Insertion: Calcaneus

(Heel) via the (Heel) via the Achilles tendonAchilles tendon

Muscle InjuriesMuscle Injuries

Muscle TearsMuscle Tears A section of muscle A section of muscle

ripsrips Same as a “Strain”Same as a “Strain”

Muscle Injuries (Con’t)Muscle Injuries (Con’t)

Avulsion FracturesAvulsion Fractures Tendon injuryTendon injury Piece of a tendon rips Piece of a tendon rips

off the bone due to off the bone due to traumatrauma

Commonly seen in Commonly seen in fingers due to jamming fingers due to jamming injuriesinjuries