Muscular System

Group Members: Mansha, Malachi, and Katie

System Purpose:● The Muscular System is responsible for the movement of the

human body. ● Muscles roughly make up half of your body weight● Maintains posture● Muscles help your body circulate blood● There are 3 types of muscles: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

3 Types of MusclesSkeletal muscles: Skeletal muscles help to do movements. Each muscle is connected to two bones and moves the skeleton. It has long fibers in bundles called fascicles. The skeletal muscles are also called the striated or striped muscle. Most of the muscles in the body are skeletal. An example would be the plantaris and extensors.

Smooth Muscles: These muscles are in your stomach, digestive system, and intestines. They are responsible for the contractility of organs like blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the uterus/urethra. The bladder and the uterus are smooth muscles.

Cardiac Muscles: Cardiac muscles are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. They keep your heart beating. These are involuntary muscles, which means they do not need commands from the brain to pump blood. They also only exist in your heart.

System Specialist: OrthopedistThe specialist for the muscular system is an Orthopedic Surgeon. An Orthopedic Surgeon treats problems that occur in the musculoskeletal system (muscular and skeletal) which includes nerves. The education required to be an Orthopedic Surgeon is as so: 4 years of medical college, followed by a 4 to 5 year time in actual Orthopedic training. The average salary for an Orthopedic Surgeon is about 375,000 dollars each year. (That’s a lot!)

Interactions with other SystemsThe muscular system interacts with the nervous system a lot. The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. This connection makes sense, since you must think before you move. What happens is that the brain sends commands to the muscles and they do what the brain says. The neurons in the nervous system are connected to the cells in the muscular system. Another interaction is with the digestive system. Smooth muscles line the stomach. There are also smooth muscles that surround the circulatory and lymph systems. The muscle tissues are spread across the body to also aid homeostasis.

Parts of a Muscle FiberThe basic action for any muscle is contraction. Muscle fibers are like long cylinders. Inside the fibers, there are myofibrils which are used to store protein. There are 2 filaments inside of the myofibrils which are arranged in hexagonal patterns. All filaments are connected to the Z-line or Z-disk. Running down vertically, the Z-disk is next to the Transverse-tubule, which is part of the cell membrane. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is in the membrane system, which stores and releases the calcium ions. This triggers muscle contraction.

Biceps

The biceps are a muscle located in the front upper arm. The biceps are attached to tough connective tissues called tendons. Tendons connect the bicep to the shoulder bone. Those tendons are called the proximal bicep tendons. This muscle often gets strained. Bicep strains are when the muscle fibers and tendons tear by overstretching. Pain and swelling are the most common symptoms. Another condition is Proximal bicep tendon rupture. This is when one of the bicep tendons is torn away from the bone. Symptoms of this condition are an odd-looking bulge in the bicep and sudden shoulder pain. Bicep contracture is when the elbow is bent and the bicep becomes contracted. The bicep has a long head and a short head. These two muscles work together as one for the bicep. These muscles are skeletal muscles.

Triceps brachii (triceps)The triceps brachii is a large, three-headed muscle located in the back upper arm. These heads are named the long, lateral, and medial heads. The purpose of the triceps is to allow you to straighten your arm, as the biceps allow you to flex your arm. This muscle also can be strained, and often times it requires a cast. These muscles are skeletal muscles.

The gluteus maximus is the biggest muscle in the body. This muscle is known as your butt (laugh all you want...). It is connected to the coccyx and other nearby bones. This muscle is responsible for movement of the hip and thigh. Getting up from a chair, climbing stairs, and maintaining a straight posture are all aided by the gluteus maximus.One of the biggest issues that can happen to the gluteus maximus is gluteus maximus syndrome. A spasm or tightness of this muscle can pull the coccyx and cause pain when you rise from a sitting position (not while sitting though.) Normally, the pain is only on one side of the gluteus maximus. These muscles are skeletal muscles.

Gluteus Maximus

HamstringsHamstrings are a group of 3 muscles in the back of the thigh. They run from the pelvis to the knee, and help extend the hip and bend the knee. Hamstrings are actually a common muscle pulled (stretched so far they have torn) by athletes. Tight hamstrings can also be a cause for posture problems and back pain since they can pull out the pelvis and hips out of their normal position. These muscles are skeletal muscles.

QuadricepsThe quadriceps are commonly mistaken as a single muscle, but the quadriceps are actually a group of four muscles on the front of the thigh. These four muscles are called the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and the rectus femoris. Their primary function is to allow the bending of the knee. These muscles are skeletal muscles.

Abdominal MusclesThe abdominal muscles are located between the ribs and the pelvis on the front of the body. The abdominal muscles support the trunk,allow movement and hold organs in place by regulating internal abdominal pressure. There are 4 main abdominal muscles. Transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique muscles, and internal oblique muscles. If you overstretch the muscles then they will strain. Also, poorly performed movement of the trunk can strain the muscle. The purpose of these muscles is to rotate the spine, increase pressure on the abdomen, and helps to breathe.

Other important musclesThere are many other important muscles to the body, such as the gastrocnemius and soleus. These muscles allow you to push off for walking, and allow you to stand on tiptoes. Obliques are on the side of your body and allow you to rotate and flex the side of your body.

Special Hospitals or ClinicsHospital for Joint Diseases (NYU Langone Medical Center): Specializes in “medical and surgical

care for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of orthopaedic, musculoskeletal, rheumatic,

immunological, and neurological conditions, as well as other related diseases and injuries.”

University Hospitals Neurological Institute’s Neuromuscular Center: One of America’s foremost

centers dedicated to diagnosing and treating neuromuscular disorders such as ALS and muscular

dystrophies.

Keeping the System in top shape● Always stretch when doing any physical activities● Try not to stretch them TOO much● Keep them strong and healthy by exercising

Diagram

ONLY fill out these muscles; there are a few extra spaces on the worksheet.

Fun Facts● The human body has about 650 muscles.● You know how your parents say it takes less muscles to smile than it does

to frown? This isn’t true. On average, it takes 12 muscles to smile, and 11 to frown. However, the muscles we use to smile are stronger, because we use them much more.

● Muscles make about 40% of your body weight. (or 2/5)● It takes half as long to gain muscle as it does to lose.● It takes 200 muscles to take a single step.

Useful links!● Muscular system game- Put the muscles in the right places!

○ http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?muscles

● BBC website- Contains facts on many different body systems- not just muscular!○ http://www.bbc.co.

uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeletalsmoothandcardiac/heart_beat.shtml ●

Bibliography:http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/gluteus-maximus-muscle

https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/623

http://www.healthcommunities.com/orthopedic-surgery/education-training-certification-orthopedic-surgeon.html\

https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/triceps-brachii-muscle

http://www.livestrong.com/article/361531-how-do-the-quadriceps-work-benefit-the-human-body/

http://degreed.com/blog/top-10-facts-muscular-system/

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-skeletal-muscle.html

http://www.popsugar.com/fitness/5-Things-About-Your-Hamstrings-100354

Slide credits:

Mansha: 3, 5, 6, 7 ,12, 16

Katie:1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 13, 14, 20

Malachi: 8, 11, 15, 17, 18