Musculoskeletal disorders: manager’s training .

Musculoskeletal disorders:Musculoskeletal disorders:manager’s trainingmanager’s training

www.ohtoolkit.co.uk

ContentsContents

• What is the issue?• What is the issue in our organisation?• Why should we deal with MSDs?• What are our responsibilities?• How could we deal with MSDs in our workplace?• What next?

What is the issue?What is the issue?

• Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common occupational illness in Great Britain, affecting 1 million people a year

Source: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/index.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/index.htm


• MSDs are conditions that affect the nerves, tendons, muscles and supporting structures, such as the discs in your back

• They result from one or more of these tissues having to work harder than they are designed for

• The symptoms of MSDs differ in severity – from mild and periodic, to severe, chronic and debilitating


Work-related MSDs

When MSDs are caused or made worse by the work environment, they’re called work-related MSDs (WRMSDs)


MSDs can affect any part of the body, but two important

areas in terms of work are:• the back• the upper limbs


Back pain• This is the most common MSD• The HSE estimates that 9.3 million working days (full-day

equivalent) were lost in Great Britain in 2008/09 through MSDs (mainly affecting the back) that were caused or made worse by work

• On average, each person suffering took an estimated 17.2 days off in that 12-month period

Source: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/msdprogramme.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/msdprogramme.htm


However…

• The HSE goes on to explain:

“Most people have back pain at some time. Usually the pain is not caused by anything serious and it settles within a matter of days or weeks.”


http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/msdprogramme.htm


Upper limb disorders

• MSDs which affect the arm, hand, shoulder and neck are called upper limb disorders (ULDs). When these are work-related, they are termed WRULDs


Causes

WRMSDs are associated with work patterns that include: • fixed or constrained body positions • continual repetition of movements • force concentrated on parts of the body, such as the hand

or wrist • a pace of work that does not allow sufficient recovery

between movements

continued…


• repetitive and heavy lifting • bending and twisting • exerting too much force • exerting a force in a static position for extended periods of

time • psychosocial factors such as low job control and isolation


• Generally, none of these factors acts separately to cause WRMSDs

• Most occur as a result of a combination and interaction between factors

• Heat, cold and vibration also contribute to the development of WRMSDs

Source: www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/rmirsi.html and

www.hse.gov.uk/msd/faq.htm

http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/rmirsi.html


What are the signs and symptoms of WRMSDs?

• Pain is the most common symptom – sometimes joint stiffness, muscle tightness, redness and swelling of the affected area

• With ULDs, some people also experience sensations of ‘pins and needles’, numbness, skin colour changes, and decreased sweating of the hands

Source: www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/rmirsi.html


WRMSDs can progress in stages from mild to severe

• Early stage: aching and tiredness of the affected limb(s) during work shift; disappear at night and during days off; no reduction of work performance

• Intermediate stage: aching and tiredness occur early in the work shift and persist at night; reduced capacity for repetitive work

continued...



• Late stage: aching, fatigue and weakness persist at rest; inability to sleep and to perform light duties

Recognising symptoms early can help a quick, effective response


What is the issue inWhat is the issue inour organisation?our organisation?

Insert your own data

Why should we Why should we deal with MSDs?deal with MSDs?

• Legal – our responsibility under health and safety law

• Moral – our obligation as a good employer

• Financial – dealing with MSDs at work should reduce sickness absence levels

What are our What are our responsibilities?responsibilities?

• The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 requires employers to secure the health safety and welfare of employees at work

• This includes providing a safe place of work, safe systems of work, and information and training


• The Management Regulations 1999 require suitable and sufficient assessments of health and safety risks at work to be carried out

• This includes assessing, eliminating and controlling the risks to the musculoskeletal system


The HSE explains…• The first step is to assess all the MSD risks your tasks

generate

• Next, try to eliminate as many of them as possible, by redesigning the tasks or providing mechanical aids

• The appropriate control measures can depend upon the sort of work your employees carry out and what it is ‘reasonably practicable’ for your company to do

continued...

Source: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/faq.htm


• When considering precautionary measures, make sure that you consult you workforce as they often have first-hand knowledge of the risks associated with a specific task or tasks

• Once the precautionary measures have been introduced, you should monitor their effectiveness and make sure that any new risks have not been introduced

Source: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/faq.htm

How could we deal with How could we deal with MSDs in our workplace?MSDs in our workplace?

The HSE separates MSDs into three categories:

• manual handling • upper limb disorders and • back pain



Manual Handling

• There is specific legislation outlining what to do about manual handling in the workplace (The Manual Handling Operations Regulations – amended 2002)

• Further help in developing and implementing a management strategy for avoiding, assessing and reducing the risks from manual handling can be found in the free leaflet – ‘Getting to grips with manual handling’


ULDs

• Small companies can use the free HSE leaflet ‘Aching arms (or RSI) in small businesses’ for guidance about how to manage ULDs

• More comprehensive and detailed advice is outlined in HSG60 ‘Upper limb disorders in the workplace’. There’s also a risk filter and risk assessment worksheet on the HSE website


ULDs

• As well as making sure that specific risks to upper limbs are dealt with and controlled, ensuring that the Display Screen Equipment Regulations are fully implemented will also help tackle upper limb risk

• A free HSE leaflet entitled ‘Working with VDUs’ is also available


Back pain• Managing the risk from manual handling will go a long

way to helping prevent back pain in the workplace

• In addition, making sure the risks from working with display screen equipment are managed, particularly the risk from sitting for a long periods of time, will also contribute to reducing back pain

• The HSE gives advice about what an employer can do to help staff with back pain…


Back pain

• be positive and helpful in removing obstacles to their recovery

• make sure they have the right information and advice on how to cope with back pain and lead a normal life

• give them a copy of The Back Book continued...

Source: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/backpain/employers.htm


Back pain

• reassure them that you are concerned about them and want to help

• ask what they find difficult about the job – this may give you a chance to make jobs less physically demanding as a temporary measure to help them stay at work or return to work quickly

continued...

Source: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/backpain/employers.htm


Back pain• if they have seen their doctor, tell them you are willing to

discuss the situation with the doctor and to work with them to support any treatment that is recommended

• if they go off sick it is important to keep in touch – discuss whether modified work or a gradual build-up to normal duties will help them return to work

• return-to-work advice for back pain and other MSDs is available from the HSE

How could we deal withHow could we deal withMSDs in our workplace?MSDs in our workplace?

• If we find we have a problem, there is good advice about dealing with the issues on the HSE’s ‘best practice’ pages

Source: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/experience.htm

What next?What next?

Generate a plan for your organisation, eg:• set up a risk management system for avoiding, assessing

and reducing all types of MSDs

• establish an absence and return-to-work management system for anyone affected by an MSD

You can get more information from the HSE and IOSH

See: www.hse.gov.uk/msd/risk.htm and www.ohtoolkit.co.uk

http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/risk.htm

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Musculoskeletal disorders: manager’s training .

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