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Détente

During the 1970’s, American-Soviet relations had entered a new phase called détente, a period which was marked by a relaxation of tensions and improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1979, the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, which the United states treated as an act of war. This was a major setback for Détente and caused the United States to cancel participation in the Moscow Olympic games and place an embargo on the shipment of American grain to the Soviet Union.

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Image acquired at"Nixon's Muscle." The Cold War. Ed. Walter Hixson. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2010. American Journey. Student Resources in Context.

Web. 23 Apr. 2014.:

Mikhail Gorbachev

Premier Leonid Brezhnev dies in1982 while the Soviet Union continues the spread of communism throughout eastern Europe. Mikhail Gorbachev, age 54, was to later be elected as the youngest Soviet leader since Joseph Stalin. Gorbachev ‘s many supporters praised him for his youth, energy, and political skills. He decided to branch off and pursue new ideas, unlike previous Soviet leaders.

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"Gorbachev, Mikhail." UXL Biographies. Detroit: U*X*L, 2010. Student Resources in Context. Web. 23

Apr. 2014.

Glasnost

The former Soviet leaders left a totalitarian state with a society that rarely changed and a stagnated economy. In 1985, Gorbachev created a new policy called glasnost (openness) which could allow a free flow of ideas and information. Churches were re-opened, allowed publication of books by previously banned authors, officials were criticized, and Soviet citizens were allowed to protest and complain about economic problems. Return to Room

"Glasnost - Google Search." Glasnost - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.

Perestroika

Perestroika is a program created by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980’s. The goal was to restructure economic and social policy. Gorbachev wanted a market economy with consumer influence and limited free enterprise.

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N.p., n.d. Web.

Communist Party Conference

At the communist party conference, Gorbachev created a new Soviet parliament. This parliament was called the Congress of people’s Deputies, who would have elected members. Gorbachev declared that non-communist political parties were allowed to organize and did away with the “leading role” guaranteed for the communist party in government.

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"Congress of People's Deputies - Google Search." Congress of People's Deputies - Google Search. N.p.,

n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014..

Soviet Atomic Bomb

In1949, the USSR detonated their first atomic bomb (first lightning). Civilian structures and human like mammals were placed near the bomb sight to test the nuclear effects of the bomb.

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Google Search." First Lightning Bomb - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014:

Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban missile crisis was the event that came closest to turning the war into a nuclear war. With the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the United States on the other, it is the first documented instance of mutual assured destruction (MAD).

Return to RoomImage acquired a"Cuban Missile Crisis - Google Search." Cuban Missile Crisis - Google Search. N.p.,

n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.t:

Czech Uprising

With Czechoslovakia's political, economic, and social problems, the communist party replaced Novonty with Alexander Dubeck in 1968. H established a social democracy, which gave the people a lot more freedom. After an uprising the Soviet Red Army crushed the Czech rebels.

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Image acquired at"Czech Uprising 1968 - Google Search." Czech Uprising 1968 - Google Search. N.p.,

n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014:

Communism in Angola

The struggle for independence in Angola led to an Angolan civil war. In 1974-1975 this crisis led to more tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. Agostinho Neto, Holden Roberto, and Jonas Savimbi met with representatives of the new Portuguese government in 1975 to sign the Alvor Agreement. This gave independence to Angola and a three-way power sharing government.

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Image acquired at:

"Angola - Google Search." Angola - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.

Afghanistan Invasion

In late December 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in support of a communist government that conflicted with Muslim guerillas during the afgan war. These guerillas were anti-communist and Soviet troops stayed in Afghanistan until mid-February, 1989.

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"Afghanistan Invasion 1979 Cold War - Google Search." Afghanistan Invasion 1979 Cold War - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.

Boris Yeltsin

Yeltsin quit the communist party in July of 1990. During the coup against Gorbachev by communists in August 1991, Yeltsin rallied resistance in Moscow. When the coup quickly failed, Yeltsin became the most powerful political figure. When Gorbachev resigned on December 25th and the Soviet Union collapsed, the Russian government inherited many of the Soviet Union’s responsibilities under Yeltsin’s leadership.

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Image acquired at"Boris Yeltsin - Google Search." Boris Yeltsin - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.:

Warsaw Pact

When West Germany joined NATO in 1955, Nikita Khrushchev (the Soviet Union’s new premier) responded with the Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact was a formal military alliance with Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. This once again divided Europe into alliance systems as it was before World War I.

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Image acquired at"Warsaw Pact - Google Search." Warsaw Pact - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23

Apr. 2014.:

Peak of Power

• By the early 1970s, The Soviet Union was at its peak of power. The nation was still under communism, however they were left with a robust economy, better standard of living, and increased wages due to post-Stalinist economic reforms.

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"1970s Soviet Peak of Power - Google Search." 1970s Soviet Peak of Power - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.

2/3 Majority

• In 1990, the Soviet Union passed a law that allowed republics to break away with a 2/3 majority in referendum. Boris Yeltsin (president of Russia) later led its congress to declare its sovereignty over Russia.

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Image acquired at:

Red Fear

The period of extreme anti-communism and the fear of communist take over in the United States is known as the red fear. The color red represents the red of the Soviet Union flag. To prevent the spread of secret information about the United States, federal employees were analyzed to prove that they were loyal to the government and not siding with the communists.

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"Red Fear Cold War - Google Search." Red Fear Cold War - Google Search. N.p., n.d.

Web. 23 Apr. 2014

Joseph McCarthy

Senator Joseph McCarthy was one of the main crusaders against communism during the Red Fear. McCarthy was strongly against communism and used intimidation and gossip to get information. He destroyed careers, ruined lives, and accused innocent people for associating with communism. McCarthy was stopped by other leaders in congress when he began to investigate “communist infiltration into the military.”

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"Joseph Mccarthy - Google Search." Joseph Mccarthy - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.

Soviet Union Separates

In December 1991, the Soviet Union separated into fifteen separate independent countries. This was seen as a victory of democracy over totalitarianism and capitalism over socialism. This event transformed the world political situation and brought an end to the war that had been around since the end of World War II- the Cold War. Return to Room

Image acquired at"Soviet Union Separation - Google Search." Soviet Union Separation - Google Search.

N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.:

Ashley Allen(Broseph Stalin)

Just a small town girl following her communist dream.

Return to RoomNote: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Dr. Christy Keeler based on one of the sample virtual museums provided by the Keith Valley staff at ISTE’s NECC 2005. Contact Dr. Keeler for more information on using this template.