Music1750-1825

Industrial Revolution◦ New means of production led to increases in

material goods & wealth◦ Urban society became central to life in Europe &

the Americas Philosophy of Enlightenment

◦ Emphasis on Natural Rights of people Republican Government

◦ Individual rights & roles◦ Social contract between people & government

Social Role of Music◦ More production of

goods◦ Available to a broader

class of society◦ “innocent luxury”◦ European Composers

reacted to increase in demand for music

Nature in the Arts◦ “unnatural” and

“artificial” ideas of the baroque were replaced with “natural” ideals of simplicity & balance

◦ Subjects in art & literature usually were “real” instead of fantasical characters or ideas

◦ In music, simplicity, balance, and real emotions were critical

Simpler textures:◦ Homophonic- usually only melody &

accompaniment Simpler melodies:

◦ Even phrases, symmetric “question & answer” structure

◦ Many composers were inspired by folk melodies Piano

◦ Most important solo instrument Simple forms:

◦ 2 & 3 part forms Sonata Allegro Form

Franz Joseph Haydn ( 1732-1809) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770- 1827)