1

MusicMonica YukSaul Park

Viv Le

Before Music

2

Move away from Late Romantic Music (1860-1920)Late romantic music focused on emotion and drama that

emphasized natural inspiration such as feelings.Movement dispersed into series of different music

movements (“isms”) Impressionism

Captures feelings or experience vaguely and mysteriously without attempt of achieving an accurate depiction.

ExpressionismAtonal and dissonant in style. Focused on portraying

emotions and drama.Neo-classism

Incorporated the return Classical Era with clear and structured forms and textures.

Nationalism, Jazz, Electronic, Chance music, etc.

20th Century Classical Music

3

The search for new and different modes of expression

Extremely varied in style, technique, genres, and even movements.

Characteristics

4

No generalized set of characteristics that can describe 20th century classical music

Atonal in which notes are not related to each other or the mode or key

Incorporation of long pauses Different instrument useExperimentation with different types of soundsIncorporated many forms such as jazz,

ragtime, neoprimitivism, etc.More, more, more!!

Charles Ives (1874-1954)

5

“My God! What does sound have to do with music?” – Charles Ives

“Don’t pay too much attention to the sounds – for if you do, you may miss the music.” – George Ives (Father)

Founding father of American Music and a pioneer of modernism

Charles Ives: BackgroundLearned from his

unorthodox father, the town’s band master

Educated at YaleChildhood influences:

chapel hymns, traditional American tunes, town band banalities, etc.

Known as modernist, nationalist, amateur, primitive, neurotic, and paradoxical.

The Fourth Symphony

7

Prelude: MaestosoMajestic, triumphic

Comedy: AllegrettoFast

Fugue: Andante moderato con motoSlightly fast with

motionFinale: Largo maestoso

Broadly slow and majestic

http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBE40FBF1F469EF6B&feature=plcp

The Fourth Symphony

8

“…One of the greatest symphonies ever penned. It is the great American symphony that our critics and conductors have cried out for, and yet the symphony has remained unperformed...” – Composer Bernard Hermann

The Fourth Symphony - influence

9

Unprecedented spatial effects: space has become part of the music’s meaning and drama

Surrounding the main orchestra was distant choirs of instrumental groups and voices

Universe Symphony

10

Part 1, Past: Formation of the waters and mountains

Part 2, Present: Earth, evolution in nature and humanity

Part 3, Future: Heaven, the rise of all to the Spiritual

Was never finished

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GegWx6L0AfI

Universe Symphony

11

Unique structure of a rhythmic grid defined purely by percussion

Different use of instruments

Layering effectsPolyrythmic

The Unanswered Question

12

Layering effectsInstrument use

(windpipes and trumpets)

Use of dissonancehttp://www.youtub

e.com/watch?v=tbArUJBRRJ0

Claude Debussy: Background

13

Student at the Paris Conservatoire

Won the Prix de Rome

Had a complicated love lifeWife attempted

suicideMistresses

involvedFetes Galantes

Influences

14

ImpressionistInspired by the art of

painting but disliked the term impressionist

His nocturnes were based off Whistler’s paintings

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyZJ3rNb4xM

Literary InfluenceMallarme, Baudelaire,

Verlaine, and Maeterlinck

Jeux

15

Written for Diaghilev’s Russian Ballet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LviYYTK6Apw

His InfluenceUnresolved dissonanceUnrelated chordsOld church modesUnprecedented linguistic plurality of styles and

expression

Arnold Schoenberg: Background

17

-Born Austrian, moved to United States in 1932

-Changed name to Schoenberg from German spelling to conform with “American culture”

Arnold Schoenberg: Background

-Was born and raised Jewish

-Rise of Nazi's in Austria (puppet of Germany)

-Described as “degenerate art”

-Forced Schoenberg to move to United States

Early Works-Early works were Orchestral/Operettas

-Operettas- “light in both music and material”-Self taught Composer

Verklärte Nacht (1899)-Translated as “Transfigured Night”-String Sextet (6)-1899-Romantic style, very smooth-Other composers recognized his early works,

for example, Strauss

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEhzSLTrceI 3:05

Strauss and Mahler-Both influenced

Schoenberg-”Spoke of Mahler

as a saint”-Both these artists

dismissed Schoenberg

-Basically unrecognized Schoenberg :(

The Wife-Married Mathilde Zemlinsky-Sister of composer Alexander Zemlinsky, who

Schoenberg liked-Summer of 1908, she left Schoenberg for another

guy :(-In this Schoenberg reformed his style-Arnold Schoenberg, Das Buch der Hängende

Gärten, Op. 15 (1908)-First piece without any “key”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rGUov3Adlk

14:40-String Quartet No. 2 (1908)- end on tonic chords,

but not fully tonal piece

Twelve-Tone

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pdJRPuoT8g

Twelve-Tone-Rule: Create! (Using all 12 notes)-Rule 2: A note cannot be repeated in a “set”-Prime, Inversion, Retrograde, Retrograde

Inversion

John Cage: Background-American, Born in

Los Angeles-Internship, went

off to Europe-Student of

Schoenberg-Influences show in

Cage's works

Early Works-First pieces are lost, rumored to be very

short Piano pieces-”Complicated math, no sexual appeal”-Created a tone row with 25-note rows-Evidence of Schoenberg's influences

4:33 (1952)-4:33 of “dead silence”-Piece shows importance of environment-”Dead silence” is music because the

audience's reaction and noise was music itself

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C5qfMfhjZk

Igor Stravinsky

28

Born: June 17, 1882Lomonosov,

RussiaDeath: April 6, 1971“… Never influence

the course of music. Stravinsky did. He was always at the end of the rope, pulling everybody along with him” – Harold Schoenberg

“Timeline”

29

BalletFirebird (1910)Petrushka (1911)The Rite of Spring (1913)

OperaThe Rake’s Progress (1951)

VocalOedipus Rex (1927)

Oedipus Complex Vs. Electra Complex

30 Petrushka (1910–11)

31A Rake’s Progress (1732-1734) William Hogarth

32

Influenced

33

Composer of Modern Classical MusicMultiple compositional styles“Revolutionized orchestration”“Reinvented” ballet form:

Incorporated culturesLanguagesLiteratures.

Youtube Time

The Rite Of Spring Firebird

34

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA4PpmmnlZQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ-AxypPnIg&feature=related

Karlheinz Stockhausen

35

Born: August 22, 1928 Mödrath, Germany

Death: December 5, 2007

“Any sound can become music if it is related to other sounds…every sound is precious and can become beautiful if I put it at the right place, at the right moment”

“Timeline”

36

Momente (1961)Gruppen (1955-1957)Piano Piece XI (1956)Zodiac (1974-75)Helicopter Stretch Quartet (1993)

Influenced -

37

Influential to the Post WWII Period – works – adv. musical tendencies of his

timeInnovator and originator of new musicNew ideas & advances w/ electric

soundsInfluenced electromusic artists

Eg. Kraftwerk “A Day in the Life”

Youtube Time

Zodiac Helicopter Stretch Quartet

38

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeIipJ1RSd8&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PLFE52E77B43F1F697

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13D1YY_BvWU

OVERALL INFLUENCE- 20th century music is hard to define in terms of musical style. 

39

Freedom & experimentation w/ styles & forms

The invention of electronic instrumentsAccelerated the development of new

forms of music.

Positive Influences?Amplification Inexpensive

reproduction/transmission/broadcast of music