Date post: | 05-Jul-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | jalalkaiser |
View: | 107 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Muslim Contributions InPhysics, Mechanics & Chemistry
Stress on Scientific Discoveries
Al Quran
―Do they not look at the Camels
how they are made?
And at the Sky, how it is raised
high?
And at the Mountains, how they
are fixed firm?
And at the Earth, how it is
Spread out? (88:17-20)
Ibn al-Haytham(965—1039, Basra)
The Father
of Optics
Ibn Al-Haytham
Conducted experiments
on the movement of light
and colors, optical
illusions and reflections
Pinhole Camera
Ibn Al-Haytham
invented the first
Pinhole Camera
(Camera Obscura)
Ibn Al-Haytham
wrote more than two hundred books
Al-Haytham
wrote Kitab al-Manazir(Book of Optics, 1011 to 1021)
Wrote seven volume
Arabic Treatise on optics
IBN AL-SAHL (940 – 1000)
Ibn AL-Sahl
First to discover
the law of refraction
Ibn Sahl used the law of refraction to derive lens shapes
known as anaclastic
lenses (eye glasses)
Refraction
Refraction
Diagrams
Refraction Diagrams
With Arabic manuscript
Law of Refraction
Speed of Light
He stated that
―The speed of light
is immense in
comparison to the
speed of sound‖
Al-Biruni (973-1048,Persia)
Al-Biruni
scientifically proved
for the first time that
Earth rotates around
its axis
Earth Rotation
Historian on Al-Biruni
Arthur Pope (1881-1969), a renowned
American historian stated in 1951:
“No history of mathematics, astronomy, geography,
anthropology, or history of religion is complete
without acknowledgment of his immense
contribution. One of the outstanding minds of all
time, distinguished to a remarkable degree by the
essential qualities which have made possible both
science and social studies, Al-Biruni is the
demonstration of the universality and timelessness of
a great mind”
Ismail ibn al-Razzaz al Jaziri
(1136-1206), Iraq
The 1st Mechanical Engineer
He discussed the basis of
numerous
methods and models of
Modern
mechanical engineering
Al Jami Bain Al ilm
Wal Amal Al Nafi
fi Sina at al Hiyal
Books by Al-Jaziri
“Kitáb fí ma'rifat
al-hiyal al-
handasiyya”
(The Knowledge of
Engineering Tricks)
Books by Al-Jaziri
He described 50
Mechanical Devices with
instructions on how to
construct them, including;
•Clocks
•Wadu Machine,
( Hand Washing Device )
•Machines for Raising
Water
Other Contributions by Al-Jazari
Water Pumps
•Hydro Powered Pumps
Animal Driven Pumps
Water Raising Machine
Al-Jaziri introduced an
advance model of Water
Raising Machine,
previously animals were
being used for such
purpose
Al-Jaziri: Clocks
Castle Clock
Candle Clock
World-Famed Elephant Clock
Elephant Clock was
designed to move and make a
sound after every half an hour
Elephant Clock
Abu Yusuf Yaqoob al-Kindi
Astrologer
Philosopher
Physicist
Chemist
Optician
( 801–873, Kufa, Iraq )
He discovered that Gold and Silver could only be obtained from Mines
Contributions of Al-Kindi
Discovery of Gold
Muslim Contributions in Chemistry
Alchemy and Chemistry in Islam
The word alchemy
itself was derived from
the Arabic word
Al-kimia (الكيمياء)
Symbols in medieval Arabic alchemy from Kitab al-Aqalim by Abu 'l-Qasim al-Oraqi
A forerunner of modern
scientific chemistry
The Islamic world was a
melting pot for alchemy
Islamic alchemy &
Modern Chemistry
Jabir Bin Hayyan(جابر بن حيان) ,(721-815, Kufa)
Chemist
Astronomer
Geologist
Philosopher
Physicist
pharmacist
Father of Chemistry
Jabir Bin Hayyan
Methodological & Experimentalapproach to scientific research
Jabir Bin Hayyan
Chemical Substances & Instruments
Chemical engineeringJabir Bin Hayyan
Jabir Bin Hayyan
He discovered and isolatedseveral chemical elements
• Arsenic
• Antimony
• Bismuth
Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn IsḥaqAl-Kindi (801–873), Kufa
• Islamic Philosopher
• Chemist
• Mathematician
Book
Kitab Kimiya AL-ITR
(Book of the Chemistry
of Perfumes)
Perfume glassware invented by Al Kindi
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi(865— 925), Persia
Chemist
Physician
Philosopher
Scholar(زكريای رازی )
Muhammad ibn Zakariya Al-Razi
Chemical substances
Medications
Laboratory apparatus
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Laboratory apparatus Medication
Chemical Substances
Books
He wrote famous book on
Chemistry
―The Secret (Al-Asrar)‖
Al-Razi’s another book on
chemistry is
Sirr Al Asrar
(Secret of Secrets)