Date post: | 29-May-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | nextstlcom |
View: | 223 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
1/256
MVVA TEAMFraming A Modern Masterpiece
Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates
Steven Holl ArchitectsGreenberg ConsultantsUhlir ConsultingHR&A AdvisorsGuy Nordenson and AssociatesArupLimnoTechPine and Swallow EnvironmentalApplied Ecological ServicesAnn Hamilton StudioJames Carpenter Design AssociatesCooper Robertson & PartnersElizabeth K. MeyerProject ProjectsVector CommunicationsABNA Engineering
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
2/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
3/256
The United States National Park Service
The City of St. Louis
STAGE 3
Framing a Modern Masterpiece
The City + The Arch + The River
12 August 2010
MICHAEL VAN VALKENBURGH ASSOCIATES, INC.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, PC
16 Court Street, 11th Floor
Brooklyn, New York 11241
t. 718.243.2044
f. 718.243.1293
www.mvvainc.com
Framing A Modern Masterpiece
MVVA TEAM
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
4/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
5/256
1. The MVVA Team Proposal
2. New Frontiers
3. Planning Framework
4. Historic Landscape & Waterfront
Technical Notes
5. Museum Expansion
Technical Notes
6. West Gateway
Technical Notes
7
19
31
45
75
87
113
125
145
CONTENTS
7. North Gateway
Technical Notes
8. South Gateway
Technical Notes
9. JNEM East Wetland
Reserve
Technical Notes
10. Beyond 2015
Technical Notes
159
171
183
195
207
223
233
249
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
6/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
7/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
8/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
9/256
7The MVVA TeAM
. T MVVA Tam
COMPeTITION TeAM
LANDSCAPe ARChITeCTURe & URBANISM
Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates
ARChITeCTURe
James Carpenter Design Associates
Steven Holl Architects
MUSeUM PLANNING
Cooper, Robertson & Partners
PLANNING & URBAN DeSIGN
Greenberg Consultants
eNGINeeRING
Guy Nordenson and Associates
Arup
Pine and Swallow Environmental
ABNA Engineering
hYDROLOGY & eCOLOGY
LimnoTech
Applied Ecological Services
FINANCe & STRATeGIeS
FOR ReALIZATION
Uhlir Consulting
HR&A Advisors
ARTISTS
Ann Hamilton Studio
LANDSCAPe hISTORIAN
Elizabeth K. Meyer
INTeRPReTATION
Project Projects
Vector Communications
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
10/256
P
P
P
M
T
T
T
M
P
P
T
T
T
T
T
T
M
T
5
13
13
4
7
6
3
1
4
2
35
25
8
9
14
11
20
22
12
21
35
17
16
18
15
10
10
19
12
11
23
WA LNU T S T R E E T
MA R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T N U T S T R E E T
P I N E S T R E E T
S.4TH
STREET
S .
2ND
S T R E E T
S .1
ST
S TR
EET
S.BROADWA
Y
S.7TH
STREET
WASH IN GTON AVE N
UE
O L I V E S T R E E T
L O C U S T S T R E E T
ST. C HA R LE S ST RE ET
N.7TH
STREET
N.6TH
STREET
N.BROADWA
Y
N.4TH
STREET
S.M
EM
ORIALD
RIVE
N.M
EM
O RIALDRIVE
S P R U C E S T R E E T
N.
2ND
STREET
N.
1ST
STREET
N.
3RDS
TREET N
.COMME
RCIALSTREET
LUCASST REE
T
BUSCHSTADIUM
BALLPARKVILLAGE
I-70
I-70
POPLARSTREETBRIDGE
I-64
NORTH
POND
SOUTH
OVERLOOK
GATEWAY
HELICOPTER
TOURS
THECAPTAINS
RETURN
NORTH
OVERLOOK
CHOUTEAUS
LANDING
UNDERPASS
PARK
FUTURE
GREENWAY
CONNECTION
CATHEDRAL
SQUARE
CATHEDRAL
BASILICAOF
ST.LOUIS
OLD
COURTHOUSE
KIENER
BOSQUE
WAINWRIGHT
BUILDING
LUTHERELY
SMITHSQUARE
JEFFERSONNATIONAL
EXPANSIONMEMORIAL
GRAND
STAIRCASE
SOUTH
POND
LACLEDES
LANDING
ADDITIONALMOORING
LOCATIONFORFLOATING
POOL
1 OF 8
MVVA TeAM8
The MVVA TeAM PROPOSAL
Successul city connections give people two inseparable
things:ways to traverse urban obstacles and reasons to
want to. Our landscape-based approach to the Jeerson
National Expansion Memorial provides both, establishing
physical and programmatic continuity between downtown
St. Louis, the Arch grounds, the levee, and the Illinois
bank. By reorienting itsel, physically and culturally,
toward the lie o the city, and by pioneering constructed
urban ecologies, the Memorial serves as a 21st-century
paradigm or urban National Parksand that, in turn,
makes it a oundation or sustained social and economic
vitality on both sides o the Mississippi.
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
11/256
M
P
35
35
33
32
27
26
30
29
31
31
31
28
27
23
35
34
T
24
W. TRENDL
EY AVENUE
FRONT
STREET
CARGILL
SILOS
I-55,64,70
PROPOSEDROUTE
3
AMTR
AKTO
CHICAGO
MALCOLMW.MARTIN
MEMORIALPARK
JNEMEAST
WETLANDRESERVE
GATEWAYGEYSER
TERMINALRAILROAD
WIGGINSFERRYCOMPANY
LEVEE
EADSBRIDG
E
RIVER
TRAIL
ESLSTORMWATER
INFRASTRUCTURE
CONNECTION
Legend
InormationKiosk
PublicRestrooms
OverpassDeck
NoiseMitigationHood
MuseumEntrance
BusDrop-O
MarketPavilion+RestaurantJNEMOfces+MuseumRootop Terrace
JNEMServiceExtension
PavedPath
MownPath
BaldCypressCircle
MuseumExit
CobblestoneLeveeRiverGauges
EadsCommons
GatewayPlayscape
OverlookLawn
OverlookPavilion+GatewayUrbanEcologyCenter
BeerGarden+IceRink
SeasonalPavilion
OverlookPavilion+BicycleRentalWater-TaxiTerminals
FloatingPool
NPSMaintenanceFacility+Yard
EarthenAmphitheater
ElevatedCanopyTrail
TrailheadAccessTower
SedimentationForebayPerchedUpperWetlandPond
OxbowSloughWetlands
AvianResearchCenter
DesignatedResearcherParking
WetlandHydrologyResearchCenter
BicycleLoop+Connector
VehicleParking
RemoteTicketingFacility
MetroStation
Benches
N
0 100 200 400
SitePlan1=100
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
P
M
2 OF 8
Successul city connectionsgive peopletwo inseparablethings:ways to traverseurbanobstacles and reasonsto wantto. Ourlandscape-basedapproachto theJeferson National ExpansionMemorial providesboth, establishing physical andprogrammaticcontinuity betweendowntownSt. Louis, theArch grounds, thelevee, andtheIllinois bank. By reorienting itsel, physically andculturally, towardthelie o thecity, andby pioneering constructedurbanecologies, theMemorial servesas a21st-century paradigmor urbanNational Parksandthat, inturn, makesita oundationor sustainedsocial andeconomic vitality onbothsides o theMississippi.
Framing a Modern MasterpieceThe MVVA Team Proposal
The MVVA TeAM 9
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
12/256
LandscapeMaintenanceMetrics(Annual)
Inormalized Ground Plane Water System
RestoredTulipPoplarAlle
.
.
.
.
Water
(MillionsoGallons)
Pesticides
(HundredsoPounds)
Fertilizer
(HundredsoPounds)
Circulation
EI
H
TH
STRE
ET
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 6 4
L U T S T R E E T
R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T U T S T R E E T
P I E S T R E E T
L I V E S T R E E T
L C U S T S T R E E T
S H I G TN S T R E E
T
E AD S
R I D
G E
P O P L R S T R E E T B R I D E
LU C S VE NU E
C VE TIN PL AZ A
I
-
7
0
SEVE
TH
STRE
ET
FO
UR
TH
STR
EET
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
BR
OA
D
W
AY
C LR
K S T R E E T
E
E
Cargill
Silos Gateway
Geyser
Views to Gateway
rch
Views to
Cahokia
Power Plant
vian
ResearchCenter
etland
Hydrology
ResearchCenter
Trailhead
ccessTower
verlook
Tower
EI
H
TH
STRE
ET
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 6 4
L U T S T R E E T
R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T U T S T R E E T
P I E S T R E E T
L I V E S T R E E T
L C U S T S T R E E T
S H I G TN S T R E E
T
LU C S VE NU E
C VE TIN PL AZA
I
-
7
0
SEVE
TH
STRE
ET
FO
UR
TH
STR
EET
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
BR
OA
D
W
AY
C LA R
K S T R E E T
EI
H
TH
STRE
ET
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 6 4
L U T S T R E E T
R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T U T S T R E E T
P I E S T R E E T
L I V E S T R E E T
L C U S T S T R E E T
S H I G TN S T R E E
T
LU C S VE NU E
C VE TIN PL AZA
I
-
7
0
SEVE
TH
STRE
ET
FO
UR
TH
STR
EET
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
BR
OA
D
W
AY
C LA R
K S T R E E T
PavedWalkway
MownPath
Bicycle
Boat
AutomobileElevator
Meadow(Infltration)
WetMeadow(Infltration)
WaterDetention
Pond
OverlandFlowSubgradePipeConnection
OutalltoMississippi
E
Lawn
Meadow
ShrubWoodland
StandardRegime
OrganicRegime
MVVA TEAM FRAMING A MODERN MASTERPIECE: THE CITY + THE ARCH + THE RIVER 3 OF 8
HISTORIC LANDSCAPE
A new diversifedplanting regimeremembersDan Kileysvision bycreating acoherentrame o inormal landscapethat complementstheprocessional alles. Supportedby anetwork o accessiblepavedandmown paths, therevitalized groundsaccommodate avariety opassiverecreational activities. A reorganizedapproachto thesiteshydrology andan organic maintenanceregime preventerosion andalgal bloom, andturn thelandscape intoa living laboratory o urbanecology andsustainable practices.
hISTORIC LANDSCAPe
A new diversied planting regime remembers Dan Kileys
vision by creating a coherent rame o inormal landscape
that complements the processional alles. Supported by a
network o accessible paved and mown paths, the revitalized
grounds accommodate a variety o passive recreational
activities. A reorganized approach to the sites hydrology
and an organic maintenance regime prevent erosion and
algal bloom, and turn the landscape into a living laboratory
o urban ecology and sustainable practices.
MVVA TeAM10
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
13/256
WeST G ATeWAY
A new Memorial Drive entrance to the Museum o
Westward Expansion addresses the Old Courthouse,
continuing the urban energy created along the Saarinen
vista by Citygarden and giving Luther Ely Smith Square
new importance as a central civic plaza. A one-block-wide
deck over Interstate 70 establishes pedestrian sovereignty,
breaks sightlines into the highway trench, and mitigates
trac noise, while remote ticketing acilities liberate
visitors to enjoy the city and Memorial grounds while they
wait to ride to the top o the Arch.PlanningFramework
MuseumoWestwardExpansion
Viewtothe OldCourthouseromtheMemorialDriveEntrance
LinearExhibit
Bookstore
Theater
Theater
Viewto Old Courthouse
Special Exhibit
Queuing/
Function Space
IncorporateArch TramRide
into InterpretiveProgram
SeatingArea
General Store
MuseumoWestwardExpansion,MemorialDriveEntrance
Afternoon Light
IdentifyGatewayDistricts
MaximizeUseof Existing
ParkingSupply
Reestablish ConnectivityBetween Gateway
Districts,theMemorial,and theRiver
CreateaNetworkof Destinations
and Connections
MorningLight
Skylight
Glass EntryCanopy
DoubleHeight
Atrium
Viewto
Old Courthouse
Focus Galleries
4 ,700
Parkin
gSpaces
11,000P
arkingS
paces
5 MIN
10 MIN
5 MIN
5 MIN
623ParkingSpaces
Developm
ent Pa
rking
MVVA TEAM FRAMING A MODERN MASTERPIECE: THE CITY + THE ARCH + THE RIVER 4 OF 8
WEST GATEWAY
A new Memorial Driveentrance to theMuseum o WestwardExpansionaddressesthe OldCourthouse, continuing theurban energy createdalong theSaarinenvista by Citygardenandgiving Luther Ely SmithSquarenew importanceasa central civic plaza. A one-block-widedeck over Interstate70establishespedestriansovereignty, breakssightlines into thehighway trench, andmitigatestrafc noise, whileremote ticketing acilitiesliberatevisitors to enjoy thecityandMemorial groundswhilethey waittoride to thetop o theArch.
The MVVA TeAM 11
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
14/256
Parking Strategy Phased Parking Implementation
E
I
H
TH
STRE
ET
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 6 4
W A L N U T S T R E E T
M A R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T N U T S T R E E T
P I N E S T R E E T
O L I V E S T R E E T
L O C U S T S T R E E T
W A SH I NGT ON S TR
EE T
P O P L A R S T R E E T B R I D E
L UC ASA VE NU E
CO NV E NT IO NPL AZ A
I
-
7
0
SE
VEN
TH
STR
EET
F
OU
RTH
S
TREE
T
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
B
RO
A
DW
AY
CL A
RK S T R E E T
MinuteWalk
MinuteWalk
ExistingMuseumEntry
ProposedMuseumEntry
,Spaces WithinaMinuteWalk (Mile)
,Spaces WithinaMinuteWalk (Mile)
MinuteWalk
,
~,
~,
,
,
~,
ExistingGarage
(,Spaces)
Time
UtilizationofAvailableParking
Shiftoverflow
parkingfromthe
leveeto downtown
Existingoverflow
pa rk ing a tthelevee
(whenavailable)
Add West
Gateway Garage
(,Spaces)
Add South
Gateway Garage
(,Spaces)
RemoveEx. Garage
(Spaces)
Add North
Gateway Garage
(,Spaces)
ViewromElevatedPlatormatArchLacledesMetrolinkStation
ExistingDedicatedGarage
ExistingOverfowLeveeParking
ProposedDedicatedGaragesDowntownParking(5MinuteWalk)
DowntownParking(10MinuteWalk)
ParkingCapacity
ExistingDedicatedGarageOverfowLeveeParking
UnderutilizedAdjacentDowntownParking
ProposedDedicatedGaragesDowntownParking(5MinuteWalk)
DowntownParking(10MinuteWalk)
,
~ ,
~,
,
,
~,
,
~ ,
~,
,
,
~,
,
~ ,
~,
,
,
~,
EADSBRIDGE
NORTH
OVERLOOK
WATER
PLAY
EADSCOMMONS
WATER
PLAY
SANDPLAY
OVERLOOK
PAVILION
URBAN
ECOLOGY
CENTER
MVVA TEAM FRAMING A MODERN MASTERPIECE: THE CITY + THE ARCH + THE RIVER 5 OF 8
NORTH GATEWAY
By removing theexisting Memorial garageand theterminuso WashingtonAvenue, whichis usedalmostexclusively by garagepatrons, our proposal allowstheopeningsintheEadsBridgeto serveasportalsbetweenLacledesLanding anda dynamic civic landscape.Accessiblepathwaysstitchtogether a mix o neighborhoodprogramsandevent space, including alargeplayground,comortableshadedseating, ane arthenamphitheater, andtheGateway UrbanEcology Center, whichofersaterschoolprogramsandsummer campsor St. Louisand EastSt.Louisstudents.
NORTh G ATeWAY
By removing the existing Memorial garage and the terminus
o Washington Avenue, which is used almost exclusively
by garage patrons, our proposal allows the openings in the
Eads Bridge to serve as portals between Lacledes Landing
and a dynamic civic landscape. Accessible pathways stitch
together a mix o neighborhood programs and event space,
including a large playground, comortable shaded seating,
an earthen amphitheater, and the Gateway Urban Ecology
Center, which oers aterschool programs and summer
camps or St. Louis and East St. Louis students.
MVVA TeAM12
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
15/256
E
I
H
T
H
T
E
E
T
U C E T E E T
1 -
L U T T E E T
E T T E E T
C H E T U T T E E T
I E T E E T
L I V E T E E T
L C U T T E E T
H I T T E E
T
L C V E
E
C V E TI L Z
I
-
7
E
V
E
T
H
T
E
E
T
F
U
T
H
T
E
E
T
E
I
L
I
V
E
Y
L
T E E T
SUMMEREVENTS
BikeRental
Stands
Shade
SunningMistRoom
Running
Running
Market
Running
Running
Running
Shade
RV ParkingWalking
WalkingWalking
Beer Garden
Sitting
Reading
ART
ColdDrinks
FoodVendors
HabitatEducation
SummerFarmersMarket
DogRun
Temporary Sculptures
view
view
view
FirePit
Steps
Food Vendors
Food Vendors
Food Vendors
Food Vendors
E
I
H
T
H
T
E
E
T
U C E T E E T
1 -
L U T T E E T
E T T E E T
C H E T U T T E E T
I E T E E T
L I V E T E E T
L C U T T E E T
H I T T E E
T
L C V E
E
C V E TI L Z
I
-
7
E
V
E
T
H
T
E
E
T
F
U
T
H
T
E
E
T
E
I
L
I
V
E
Y
L
T E E T
WINTEREVENTS
VisitorsCenter
Stands
WarmUp Huts
Snowball FightSkateHire
Seasonal Lighting
Running
Running
Running
Running
Running
IceFountain
Running
Walking
WalkingWalking
Skating
Sitting
SnowmanMaking
IceSculpting
Hot Drinks
FoodVendors
HabitatEducation
WinterFarmersMarket
DogRun
Snow Sculptures
view
view
view
FirePit
Steps
Food Vendors
Food Vendors
Food Vendors
Food Vendors
SouthGatewaySummerProgram
ViewfromUnderpassPark
SouthGatewayWinterProgram
MVVA TEAM FRAMING A MODERN MASTERPIECE: THE CITY + THE ARCH + THE RIVER 6 OF 8
SOUTH GATEWAY
Immediately southof theArch grounds, anunderpasspark createsamixing chamber of proposedandfutureconnections betweenthe city andtheMemorial, andappropriatesthe Poplar StreetBridge asa partof thethresholdlandscape. Atop anew 387-spaceparking facility, amedium-scalevenuea beer gardeninsummer, askating rink inwinterechoesSt. Louishistory andservesas afocal pointfor theemerging ChouteausLanding neighborhood.
SOUTh GATeWAY
Immediately south o the Arch grounds, an underpass park
creates a mixing chamber o proposed and uture connections
between the city and the Memorial, and appropriates the
Poplar Street Bridge as a part o the th reshold landscape. Atop
a new 387-space parking acility, a medium-scale venuea
beer garden in summer, a skating rink in winterechoes
St. Louis history and serves as a ocal point or the emerging
Chouteaus Landing neighborhood.
The MVVA TeAM 13
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
16/256
BottomlandAvianSpecies
CanopyTrailCrossSection
50-Year Storm
5-YearStorm2-YearStormLow Water Level
AmericanCrow
AmericanGoldfnch
AmericanRobinBaldEagle
BarnSwallow
BarredOwl
Black-cappedChickadeeBlueJay
Brown-headedCowbird
CanadaGoose
ChippingSparrowCommonGrackle
CommonYellowth roat
Double-crestedCormorant
DownyWoodpeck erEasternWood-Pewee
EuropeanStarling
GrayCatbird
GreatBlueHeronGreatCrestedFlycatcher
GreatEgret
HouseFinch
HouseSparrowNorthernCardinal
AvianSanctuary
Oregon
S a le m
WashingtonOlym pia
Seattle
Montana
He le na
Idaho
Boise
Nevada
Ca rson City
S a n Fra ncisco
S a cra m e nto
Utah
Califor nia
S a ltL a ke City
L a sVe g a s
L osAng e le s
Ar izona
NewMexico
Color ado
P hoe nix
S a nta Fe
De nve r
Ne wOrleans
L ou isia na
Houston
Ba tonRoug e
Ta lla ha sse e
Ar kansas
MississippiAla ba m a
Flor ida
Georgi a
L ittle Rock
Ja cksonMontg om e ry
Atla nta
Mia m i
NebraskaIowa
IllinoisIndiana
OhioL incoln De sMoine s
S pring fi e ld India na polis
Columbus
South Dakota
Minnesota
WisconsinP ie rre
Ma dison
Chica g o
S t.P a ul
Nor th Dakota
Wyoming
Cheyenne
Bism a rck
Michigan
L a nsing
De tro it
Ne wJe rse y
NewYor kMa ss.
N.H.
Pennsylvania
De la wa re
Vt.
Ha rrisburg
re nton
Ha rtford
Concord
Albany
Montpe lie r
ug usta
Boston
Ne wY ork
P h ila de lph ia
Conn.
R.I.
T
P rovide nce
Dove r
Annapoli s
ashington,D.C.W
Md.
We st
Ma ine
A
Tennessee
entucky
Virg in ia
Virg in ia
Ca ro lina
NorthCa ro lina
S outh
Na shville
Fra nkfortCha rle ston
Colum bia
Richm ond
Me m phis
Texas
OklahomaOkla hom a City
Austin
Da lla s
Kansas
Missouri
Je ffe rson City
T o p ek a S t.L ou is
RaleighK
MississippiFlywayCentral
Flyway
Pacific
Flyway
Atlantic
Flyway
St.Louis is located alongoneof th enarrowest sections of the
MississippiFlyway,therouteused byapproximately40 percent
of all migratingwaterfowl and shorebirds in North America.
WaterSystem
Lawn(Infltration)
Woodland(Infltration)WaterDetention
OverlandFlow
SubgradePipeConnection
E
I
H
TH
ST
RE
E
T
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 6 4
L U T S T R E E T
R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T U T S T R E E T
P I E S T R E E T
L I V E S T R E E T
L C U S T S T R E E T
SH I GTS T EE T
LU C SVE U E
C VE TI P L Z
I
-
7
0
S
EV
E
TH
ST
R
EE
T
F
U
RT
H
STRE
ET
E
R
I
L
D
R
I
V
E
B
R
D
Y
CL
RK S T R E E T
1
2
3
3
3
RetroftFailed
EastSt.Louis
StormwaterLines,
NewOutallinto
WetlandReserve
CanopyTrailNetwork
Structure
WoodElevatedWalkwaySteelElevatedWalkway
BicycleLoop
FloatingPavilion
LandmarkSightlines
EI
H
T
H
S
TRE
ET
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 6 4
L U T S T RE E T
R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T U T S T R E E T
P I E S T RE E T
L I V E S T R E E T
L C U S T S T R EE T
S H I G TS T E
ET
ED S
RI D
G E
P P L R S T R EE T B R I D G E
L U C SV E UE
C V E TIPL Z
I
-
7
0
S
E
VE
T
H
S
TR
E
ET
F
U
R
TH
ST
R
EE
T
E
R
I
L
D
R
I
V
E
BR
D
Y
C LR K S T R E E T
E
E
Cargill
Silos Gateway
Geyser
Views to Gateway
Arch
Views to
Cahokia
Power Plant
Avian
ResearchCenter
Wetland
Hydrology
Research
Center
Trailhead
Access
Tower
Overlook
Tower
NorthernMockingbird
Red-belliedWoodpecker
Red-wingedBlackbirdSongSparrow
TutedTitmouse
WarblingVireo
WoodDuck
MVVA TEAM FRAMING A MODERN MASTERPIECE: THE CITY + THE ARCH + THE RIVER 7 OF 8
JNEM EAST WETLAND RESERVE
Onthis formerly industrial land, asystemof treetop walkwaysallowsvisitorsto observereconstructed wetlandecologies, capitalizingonthe siteslocationalong theMississippiFlyway, andcreatingnew viewsof theboundlesshorizon of theAmerican Midwest.Our proposal useswater drawnfromEastSt. Louis stormwaterinfrastructuretomanufacture new urbanhabitatfor adiversity of birdspecies, supportedby new National Park Serviceornithological andhydrological researchcenters.
JNeM eAST WeTLAND ReSeRVe
On this ormerly industrial land, a system o treetop
walkways allows visitors to observe reconstructed
wetland ecologies, capitalizing on the s ites location along
the Mississippi Flyway and creating new views o the
boundless horizon o the American Midwest. Our proposal
uses water drawn rom the East St. Louis stormwater
inrastructure to manuacture new urban habitat or a
diversity o bird species, supported by new National Park
Service ornithological and hydrological research centers .
MVVA TeAM14
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
17/256
Mississippi
River
Forest
Park
East St.Louis
St.Louis
Horseshoe
Lake
Cahokia
Mounds
Lewis & Clark
Confuence
Existing& ProposedRegional Bikeway
Network
Missouri
River
Floating Pavilion Temporary Seasonal Zero-Carbon Energy Concept Beyond2015 Strengthening ConnectionsAcrosstheRiver
1.PhotovoltaicCellsCon vertSunEnergy toElectricalPower
2.HeatExchangera ndHeatPump/ChillerProvidesHeating/Cooling
3.RiverCoils
4.WaterTurbinesConvert RiverCurrenttoElectricalPower
TemporaryFloatingPoolPrecedent
RiverGauges
1. EadsBridgeBicycleLanes
2. ImprovedPedestrianAccesstoMetrolink
Station
3. MemorialDriveModifcation
4. FutureGreenway
Connection
5. FloatingPavilions
6. SouthOverlookPavilion7. MississippiRiverConnector
8. FutureRoute3
9. JNEMEastCanopyTrails
10.ProposedStreetConnections
E I
H
T
H
S
T
R
E
E
T
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 64
W A L N U T S T R E E T
M A R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T N U T S T R E E T
P I N E S T R E E T
O L I V E S T R E E T
L O C U S T S T R E E T
WASH I N G T
ON S T R EET
E AD S
B R ID
G E
P O P L A R S T R E E T B R IDGE
LUCAS AV E
NUE
C O N V E N T I O N P L A Z A
I-
70
S
E
V
E
N
T
H
S
T
R
E E
T
F O
U
R
T
H
S T
R
E
E
T
M
EM
O
R
IA
L
D
R
I
V
E
B R
O
A
D
W
A
Y
C L A
RK S T R E E T
M
M
1
6
5
5
8
3
10
9
7
4
102
3.4-mileloop
-Base of LightMast
--Year StormEvent
--Year StormEvent(GreatFlood of )
-Top of River Wall
-NormalFlow
Flooded AllYearFlooded .Months aYearFlooded Weeks aYearProposed Adjustmentto LeveeHeight
ActiveTransitionZoneA Measureof FluctuatingRiver Levels
1
2
3
4
HEAT SPACEARCH VIEW
1
2
3
4
COOL SPACEARCH VIEW 1
4
Spring/High Flow/Ca W i nt e r / Mi d F l ow / E v en t S p ac e S u mm e r / Lo w F lo w / W at e r- Ta x i Te r mi n al
HistoricLevee
MVVA TEAM FRAMING A MODERN MASTERPIECE: THE CITY + THE ARCH + THE RIVER 8 OF 8
HISTORIC WATERFRONT
Our proposal removestheexisting waterrontstreetscapeinorder to reinstatethe ull ormo thecobblestone levee.Sculptural river gaugesmirror the monumentality o Saarinensriver wallsandrametheuseo theleveesuraceinrelationtothefuctuating river edge. Thesingle central stageisreplacedby agentle swell inthe cobblesurace thatcanaccommodateabroader spectrumo markets, concerts, andseasonal attractions.
hISTORIC WATeRFRONT
Our proposal removes the existing waterront streetscape
in order to reinstate the ull orm o the cobblestone levee.
Sculptural river gauges mirror the monumentality o
Saarinens river walls and rame th e use o the levee surace
in relation to the fuctuating river edge. The single central
stage is replaced by a gentle swell in the cobble surace
that can accommodate a broader spectrum o markets,
concerts, and seasonal attractions.
The MVVA TeAM 15
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
18/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
19/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
20/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
21/256
19N FN
2. New Frontiers
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
22/256
A N KND F PAK, A N KND F CY
generator of civic energy and activity, something that
St. Louisans would visit and participate in as part of
the rhythm of their daily lives. The 172 Stage I entries
included National Science Foundations, Museums of
Architecture, and Centers for Democratic Education.
(Eero Saarinen and Dan Kileys submission proposed
making the Memorial the site of a branch of the
edgling United Nations.)
At the heart of our proposal is a renewed
dedication to the spirit of that original vision. In 2015,
the memorial will be more than a once-a-generation
tourist destination. It will be St. Louiss core civic
space, populated daily and in all seasons. It will be
visited not only by tourists but by local families after
school, by downtown workers on their lunch break,
and by residents of revitalized neighborhoods nearby.
The addition of the JNEM East Wetland Preserve, with
a system of treetop walkways and a dual mission of
research and recreation, means that the Memorial
will be a s ingle park bisected by the Mississippi River,
shared by residents of both St. Louis and East St. Louis.
The Memorial will feature energetic activity at its edges
to complement the calm reverence of its interior. It
will be a common space for gatherings of all sizes and
kindsa place where the democratic spirit of Thomas
Jeerson is lived, not just remembered.
Even among competitions of its size, Framing a Modern
Masterpiece: The City + The Arch + The River is
unique by virtue of the complexity of its fundamental
challenge and its potential to set a lasting standard
in the design of North American cities. It is a project
with two protagonists: the city, which is striving to
revitalize the downtown core and release the interstate
highway systems stranglehold on the waterfront; and
the National Park Service, which is in the process of
reestablishing its relevance, reaching out to previously
neglected audiences, and dening for itself a 21st-
century urban presence.
This competition is, in essence, a local
manifestation of a larger conuence of contemporary
forces, in which cities all over the country and the
world are grappling with their infrastructural legacy
and attempting to responsibly reincorporate ecological
function, sustainable practice, and environmental
education after decades of neglecting all three. And it is
an opportunity to establish for the Park Service a new
role as the centerpiece of sustainable American cities.
Landscape architecture, with its particular
interdisciplinary uency at the intersection of ecology,
engineering, and design, provides a particularly good
framework for approaching these globally relevant
challenges. Our landscape-based proposal focuses
on the ways that the interests of the city and the Park
Service are mutually reinforcing. Downtown St. Louis
will thrive with a vibrant National Park at its center
and the National Park will establish local relevance if
it embraces the city as a new frontier, an environment
that is in need of fresh historic, interpretive, and
environmental attention.
H LVNG MMAL
Throughout history and around the world, what
makes urban monuments successful is an iconic
form linked to a rich web of everyday experiences.
Destinations such as the Brandenburg Gate, the EielTower, the Washington Monument, and Barcelonas La
Sagrada Familia combine their status as international
attractions with elements of civic assets and
neighborhood amenities. They write themselves not
only into national histories and regional identities but
also into the daily lives of the people who live nearby.
The commemorative mission of these places is honored,
not polluted, by the quotidian activity that surrounds
them.
George Howes program for the rst stage of the
1947 competition to design the new Jeerson NationalExpansion Memorial called in part for a living
memorial to Thomas Jeerson, an active function for
the park that would celebrate, in Howes words, life as
lived, rather than as remembered. He was interested
in making the new Memorial a place that would serve
not only as a national attraction but also as a local
MVVA AM0
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
23/256
N FN 1
THE BRANDENBURG GATEBerlin, Germany
JEFFERSON NATIONAL EXPANSION MEMORIAL
St. Louis, Missouri
THE EIFFEL TOWERParis, France
THE WASHINGTON MONUMENTWashington, D.C.
LA SAGRADA FAMILIABarcelona, Spain
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
24/256
XPANDNG H NP PGAM NGAG LCAL CULU
H CLGCAL CY
The story of westward expansion is the story of our
relationship to our landour history of navigating it,
mapping it, cultivating it, conquering it, surrendering
to it, and ultimately making it our own. St. Louis,
sitting at almost the geographic center of the country,
at a crossroads of natural and cultural infrastructure,
has always had a central position in this narrative. The
city is the site of a fundamental shift in the character of
the Mississippi; in contrast to the engineered edges to
the north, the river ows undammed from St. Louis allthe way to the Gulf of Mexico. The city also marks the
divide between eastern precipitation agriculture and
western irrigation agriculture. And St. Louis has had a
leading role in the history of American transportation,
as the origin of the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails, a
booming focal point of the steamboat economy, a
leader and a victim of the transition to the railroad era,
and one of the earliest hubs of the interstate highway
system.
In our proposal, the Memorial suggests a new
paradigm for an urban federal parks project, one inwhich these dierent and often competing natural and
cultural elements are reconciled as a powerful engine
of urban renewal. Many of our national parks preserve
wilderness, maintaining an ideal condition that existed
prior to human intervention. This is of course neither
possible nor desirable in city centers. The inevitable
articiality of the man-made should instead provide
epigrammatic suggestions of the natural world while
functioning as society has all too recently learned it
shouldin harmony with natural ecologies.
In the era when St. Louis was known as a booming
frontier city, the frontier was a physical divide between
the known and the unknown. The 21st-century
frontiers are less literal, but no less importantwe
are only beginning to dene and navigate a new
sustainable relationship with the land we inhabit. T he
Gateway Arch need not be reduced to a reminder of
frontiers past. The Memorial can be a concrete force
for changing the patterns by which St. Louisansand
all Americanslive their lives, whether by exhibiting
healthy urban hydrological systems and organic
maintenance regimes, pioneering innovative energy
generation and conservation methods, or even just
inspiring its visitors to walk or bike throughout the
downtown. With the National Park Service as its
partner, St. Louis can make itself into a new kind of
frontier city.
PPD UANABLY NAV
1. Fully organic soil restoration and maintenanceregime eliminates chemical pesticides, herbicides,and fertilizers.
2. Rot-resistant benches made of American blacklocust, unlike common alternatives like Ip, do notcontribute to rainforest destruction.
3. Energy is conserved or innovatively generated bya variety of means, including geothermal (in theMuseum of Westward Expansion), river turbines
(in the oating pavilions), photovoltaic cells (onthe river gauges), and green roofs (on the GatewayUrban Ecology Center).
4. New accessible pathways, pedestrian connectionsto the downtown, a new bicycle loop, and streetnarrowing measures incentivize walking and cyclingnot only within the Memorial site but throughoutSt. Louis.
5. Most importantly, all these measures will be openlylegible and communicated to visitors, either througha new pedagogical program of signage or throughthe Urban Ecology Center, which will focus in parton teaching sustainable technologies and practicesto students from St. Louis and East St. Louis.
MVVA AM
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
25/256
HC
NPAN
CULUAL
CNNCN
PVAN F NAU CNUCD NAU
LANNG
ADMNG
XPNCNG
UNDANDNG
N FN 3
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
26/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
27/256
P
P
P
M
T
T
T
M
M
P
P
T
T
T
T
T
T
P
M
T
N FN 5
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
28/256
1. Create an iconic place for the international icon, the
Gateway Arch
2. Catalyze increased vitality in the St. Louis region
3. Honor the character dening elements of the National
Historic Landmark
4. Weave connections and transitions from the City to theArch grounds to the River
5. Embrace the Mississippi River and the east bank in
Illinois as an integral part of the National Park
6. Reinvigorate the mission to tell the story of St. Louis as
the gateway to national expansion
7. Create attractors to promote extended visitation to the
Arch, the City, and the River
8. Mitigate the impact of transportation systems
9. Develop a sustainable future
10. Enhance the visitor experience and create a welcoming
and accessible environment
WestGateway
(Chapter6)
NorthGateway
(Chapter7)
SouthGateway
(Chapter8)
HistoricLandscape&
Waterfront
(Chapter4)
MuseumExpansion
(Chapter5)
JNEMEast
WetlandReserve
(Chapter9)
MNG PJC GAL
Beyond2015
(Chapter10)
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
29/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
30/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
31/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
32/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
33/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
34/256
A typical visit to the Jeerson National Expansion
Memorial now revolves as much around the parking
facility at the northern edge of the site as around the
experience of the Gateway Arch. Visitors typically
traverse the boundary of the site in their car, emergingonly once they have traveled far into the interior of the
landscape. For many, the experience of the Memorial
grounds is limited to the walk between their car and the
Archs north leg. From an urban planning perspective,
the parking garage is one of the most potent elements
of the Memorial site.
Maximum eciency of automotive entrance
and egress has erased all possibility of engagement
with compelling pedestrian experiences in the
urban landscape. The success of the Arch grounds
revitalization depends substantially on solving thisproblem. Even the most innovatively redesigned
interface between the city and the Arch grounds will
fail if visitors continue to bypass it entirely in their cars.
It is unrealistic to expect that within ve years
the Memorial could become primarily a pedestrian
destination. Given that reality, our proposal instead
harnesses the power of parking, and spreads it over the
entire edge of the site, creating permeable thresholds
and activity bridges to the north, south, and west of
the Arch grounds. We propose replacing the single
Memorial garage with three smaller undergroundfacilities spaced evenly around the border of the site,
infusing all three edges of the Arch grounds with the
energy and activity that is currently concentrated in
the north. In addition, our design calls for making
better use of the abundant supply of public parking
within a ten-minute walk of the site.
The redistributed parking will accomplish several
important things. It will weave city and Memorial
grounds together, since it positions visitors on the
threshold between them when they emerge from any
of the three garages. The proposed garages will be
covered by new actively programmed entry landscapes
that have additional value as neighborhood parks. In
2015, with the increased usage of nearby street andpublic garage parking, the average walk to the Arch
will be no lengthier, but it will be a walk through the
downtown core, with more to see and do along the
way. More visitors will approach the Memorial along
the Saarinen vista, allowing them to appreciate the
Arch as a gateway, rather than obliquely. Our proposal
reconceptualizes parking as a medium that positions
visitors in a precise choreography between city and the
Memorial.
Successful city connections give people two
inseparable things: ways to traverse urban obstaclesand reasons to want to. Our parking strateg ywhich
includes physical parking structures and pedestrian
connections combined with vibrant new attractions
and destinations at the Memorials edgeis what
allows our proposal to provide both. A reimagined
and invigorated Memorial edge is just the rst step in
the process of weaving St. Louiss waterfront districts
back into the citys more active urban core. But it is a
crucial rst step. Once that connection is made, the
three gateway districtsLacledes Landing, Chouteaus
Landing, and the Gateway Mallwill becomethresholds themselves, between the Memorial and
the neighborhoods one step further removed. These
preliminary steps are crucial to creating the kind of
steady, sustainable growth that will reinforce St. Louiss
status as a preeminent American city.
MVVA AM3
EXISTING PROPOSED (2015)
CHGAPHNG H APPACH
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
35/256
4,70
0Pa
rking
Spaces
11,00
0Park
ingSpaces
5 MIN
10 MIN
5 MIN
5 MIN
623ParkingSpaces
Deve
lopm
entParking
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
PLANNNG FAMK 33
5. MAXIMIZE USE OF EXISTINGPARKING SUPPLY
6. IMPLEMENT REMOTE TICKETING 7. CREATE A NETWORK OF DESTINATIONSAND CONNECTIONS
8. ANCHOR NEW DEVELOPMENT ANDINVESTMENT
1. EXISTING CONDITIONS 2. IDENTIFY GATEWAY DISTRICTS 3. REESTABLISH CONNECTIVITYBETWEEN GATEWAY DISTRICTS,THE MEMORIAL, AND THE RIVER
4. REDISTRIBUTE DEDICATED PARKING
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
36/256
Our proposal removes the Memorial garage and the
overow levee parking, replacing them with three
smaller facilities evenly distributed around the edges
of the site. In conjunction, strategic trac engineering
and waynding measures will distribute some Arch-
bound and through trac into the downtown grid,
encouraging use of the abundant supply of public
parking downtown.
EXISTING PROPOSED (2015)
MVVA AM34
PAKNG AGY
,
~,
~,
Existing Dedicated Garage
Overflow Levee Parking
Underutilized Adjacent Parking
Proposed Dedicated Garages
Downtown Parking Min. Walk
Downtown Parking Min. Walk
,
,
~,
-
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
37/256
E
I
G
H
T
H
S
T
R
E
E
T
S P R U C E S T R E E T
1 - 6 4
W A L N U T S T R E E T
M A R K E T S T R E E T
C H E S T N U T S T R E E T
P I N E S T R E E T
O L I V E S T R E E T
L O C U S T S T R E E T
W A S H I NG T O N S
T R E E T
L
L U C A S A V E N U
E
S
E
V
E
N
T
H
S
T
R
E
E
T
F
O
U
R
T
H
S
T
R
E
E
T
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
B
R
O
A
D
W
A
Y
CL
AR
K S T R E E T
Minute Walk
Minute Walk
ExistingMuseumEntry
ProposedMuseumEntry
, Spaces Within a Minute Walk ( Mile)
, Spaces Within a Minute Walk ( Mile)
Minute Walk
PLANNNG FAMK 35
PAKNG AGY
Existing Dedicated Garage to be Removed
Existing Overflow Levee Parking
Proposed Dedicated Garages
Downtown Parking Minute Walk
Downtown Parking Minute Walk
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
38/256
XPANDD PAKNG VNU
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
39/256
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
eptember
October
November
December
Capacity - Proposed
Existing Revenue Projected Revenue IncreaseProjected Revenue Increase
Projected Revenue Reduction
Projected Overflow To Downtown
Existing Overflow To Levee
Capacity - Existing
Peak Demand - Existing
Peak Demand - Projected
By maximizing the year-round use of the dedicated
Memorial parking facilities, the National Park Service
can reduce the overall capacity of its garages while
retaining or even increasing its parking-generated
revenue. In peak seasons, visitors will park in the
existing city garages, giving downtown St. Louis new
pedestrian activityand the shopping and dining that
come with it.
PLANNNG FAMK 37
XPANDD PAKNG VNU
AYFNDNG
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
40/256
AYFNDNG
CUN APPACH
These new parking facilities anchor three new
gathering spacesthe North, South, and West
Gatewaysthat in turn serve as focal points for the
surrounding neighborhoods. Programmed to be civic-
and neighborhood-scale amenities as well as regional
attractions, these gateways will allow the Memorial
to turn outward and engage with the city, and also
fundamentally reorient the surrounding city districts
toward the Arch grounds.
The three gathering spaces will also serve as the
core destinations in a new waynding program, which
will direct visitors arriving by car or by foot towardone of the three gateway districts instead of to a single
on-site garage. This will distribute Memorial arrivals
evenly around the site rather than cluster them to the
north and will bring an inux of civic and economic
activity to Lacledes Landing, Chouteaus Landing, and
the downtown core.
Gateway Travel PathDecision Point
MVVA AM38
EXISTING
AYFNDNG
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
41/256
Lacledes
Landing
ChouteausLanding
Downtown
AYFNDNG
PPD APPACH
Gateway Travel PathDecision Point
PLANNNG FAMK 39
PROPOSED (2015)
H CMNAL APPACH
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
42/256
The new waynding strategy will also reduce trac inthe three-block stretch between Walnut Street and Pine
Street. This corridor, along the iconic Saarinen vista,
will be an unocial pedestrian zone, with narrower
streets and a greener streetscape.
MVVA AM40
H CMNAL APPACH
Interstate
Access
Kiener
Bosque
Walnut street
S.Broadway
S.4thStreet
Market Street
Chestnut Street
Pine Street
NarrowRightsofW
ay
andPedestrianPrio
rity
IncentivizePublicUseof
ParkingGarages
IncentivizePublicUs
eof
ParkingGarages
Luther Ely
Smith Square
M CKNG
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
43/256
XNG AVAL QUNC
Arrive - Security - Ticketing - Hour Wait - Arch
Remote ticketing facilities will be installed in eachgateway district as well as at key points around
downtown St. Louis, freeing visitors to wander through
the downtown and the Memorial grounds before their
trip to the top of the Arch, instead of being limited to
waiting on the security line (and visiting the Museum of
Westward Expansion).
PLANNNG FAMK 41
M CKNG
PPD AVAL QUNC
Arrive - Ticketing -Free Time - Security- Arch
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
44/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
45/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
46/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
47/256
.HLe&
Wef
45HistoricLandscap&Watrront
H L
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
48/256
HLe
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
49/256
UsinG coLoGY to nricH tH Landscap Xprinc
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
50/256
UsinGcoLoGYtonricHtHLandscapXprinc
MVVataM48
The various iterations of Eero Saarinen and Dan KileysMemorial landscape design between 1947 and 1964
show open plazas, waterways, recreational facilities,
and networks of pedestrian trails. These overlapping
and interconnected elements were intended to create
an intricate diversity of program, microclimate, and
landscape types. Expanses of meadow punctuated
by trees, formal pathways cut through the landscape,
and vistas framed by vegetation and topography
created a choreographed procession into the heart
of the Memorial grounds. However, as the original
Saarinen-Kiley landscape was adapted by the NationalPark Service over almost twenty years, the landscape,
because of budget limitations, became increasingly
monofocal, and the complexity of what Kiley called the
forest cathedrala soaring landscape dened by the
interplay between the formal and the naturalwas lost.
As it stands today, the Memorial reects Saarinen
and Kileys ideas with varying degrees of success. The
bald cypress circles and the monoculture alles that
give the site its basic structure are present, but poor
soil conditions have severely stunted tree growth on
the site, and the substitution of rosehill ash trees forKileys intended tulip poplars has left the landscape
catastrophically susceptible to the imminent arrival
of the emerald ash borer. Though the berms that run
along Memorial Drive were signicantly exaggerated
in order to buer noise coming from Interstate 70,
the sites basic topographical form is sound. But the
Memorials omnipresent lawn is sterile, demands a
high-maintenance regime of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides, and has led to erosion and widespreadalgal bloom in the reecting ponds. And the lack of
secondary walkways and paths makes the majority
of the landscape highly inaccessible and generally
unwelcomingas built, it reads as a landscape
designed to be seen but not touched or enjoyed.
Our proposal for the historic landscape starts
with a ground-up strategy to ensure the sustained
health of the Saarinen-Kiley landscape and to express
elements of the original design that were lost or
warped. It adopts a new approach to the hydrology
of the reecting ponds: subtle adjustments to thesites topography slow down runo from t he adjacent
slopes, and stormwater collected from the surrounding
neighborhoods is used to irrigate the landscape and
prevent algal bloom. Building on that framework, our
design includes nutrient-rich, properly draining soils
and an organic maintenance regime, underwriting a
richer planting palette that creates a rippling pattern
of lawn, meadow, and shrub woodland around the
reecting ponds.
The more diverse planting system will prevent
erosion, create a new dimension of volumetric intereston the site, and realize Kileys original desire to
recreate in microcosm the archetypal landscapes of
the American West. The plan also has the ability to
exibly evolve in response to changing circumstances
and climateif an area of meadow is languishing, for
instance, it can be mowed down to lawn while another
area of the site is allowed to grow out.
Additional trees further enclose the quiet, grassylandscape rooms created by Kileys bald cypress circles.
A new network of ADA-compliant paths carefully
navigates the steep topography of the site, inviting
Memorial visitors into the interior of the landscape,
as Kiley intended. A secondary system of mown paths
cuts through the meadow, creating a more immersive
landscape experience.
These ne-grained interventions all have the
same underlying goalto transform the Archs static
frame into a living, functioning system that serves an
interpretive purpose and enriches the experience ofthe site. Our proposal preserves the Kiley landscape
by faithfully rebuilding it on a new foundation of
sustainable landscape-making that will ensure its
health for generations. In our proposal, the Arch
grounds are a living laboratory, a testament to the
Memorials new expanded focus on sustainability
and constructed urban ecologyused by students
from the proposed Gateway Urban Ecology Center
and explained to visitors through a new program of
educational signage. Ultimately, and as Kiley intended,
the landscape will be a foil, a coherent organic frameagainst which the Archboth as a feat of engineering
and as a symbolis best appreciated.
M
EadsBridge
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
51/256
P
P
P
T
T
T
M
P
P
T
T
T
T
T
T
M
T
North Pond
MuseumEntrance
Old Courthouse
Market Street
Chestnut Street
Kiener Bosque
CobblestoneLevee
PavedPath
MownPath
GrandStaircase
N.MemorialDrive
S.MemorialDrive
S.4thStreet
N.4thStreet
S.Broadway
N.Broadway
N.6thStreet
N.7thStreet
S.7thStreet
Museum Exit
Museum Exit
Poplar Street Bridge
South Pond
Bald CypressCircle
Bald CypressCircleVehicle Parking
LEGEND
Remote Ticketing Facility
Metro Station
0 250 500
CathedralSquare
P
M
M
i
s
s
i
s
s
i
p
p
i
R
i
v
e
r
orMaLcor
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
52/256
MVVataM50
TULIP POPLAR ALLE RENDERING(OFFICE OF DAN KILEY, 196)
This concept drawing by Dan Kiley shows how histriple alles of tulip poplars were intended to echothe verticality of the Arch along the north-south axis,framing the monument without obscuring it.
EXISTING WHITE ASH ALLE, (1)This site photo shows the existing alle of rosehillashes, which dene the volume of the space in a verydierent way. The trees small size and l ow canopyalso indicate the extent to which poor soil conditionshave stunted their growth.
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
53/256
PROPOSED TULIP POPLAR ALLE (1)
Our proposed alle preserves the monoculture while restoringKileys original choice of speciesand thus the relationshipbetween alle and Arch that he intended. If planted in large deepbeds with carefully calibrated structural soil, tulip poplars couldthrive on the Memorial grounds, especially given the inevitablearrival of the emerald ash borer.
acoMpLXLandscaptHrsHoLd
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
54/256
Islet enhances convoluted pond edge
MVVataM52
Dense, multi-layer alle boundsopen eld trees
Alles converge and diuse intoan informal grove
sitpLan,1964
The unique vertical growth habit of Tulip Poplars
aorded Kiley the opportunity to vary subtly planting
density so as to frame informal spaces, devolve the
formal into informal, and diuse vegetation across
ecotones.
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
55/256
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 53
E
I
H
T
H
T
E
E
T
C E S T R E E T
1 -
L T T E E T
K E T T E E T
C H E T T T E E T
I E T E E T
L I E T E E T
L C T T E E T
-
7
0
E
E
T
H
T
E
E
T
F
O
U
R
T
H
S
T
R
E
E
T
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
K T E E T
PROPOSED (1)
LawnMeadow
Shrub Woodland
inorMaLraM
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
56/256
LAWN AND POND LANDSCAPE, EXISTING
MVVataM54
The lawn monoculture and lack of visitor trac in
areas surrounding the reecting ponds have blurred
the line between formal and informal landscapes on
the site. By softening and diversifying these areas, and
by replanting the monoculture alles, our proposal
gathers the edges of the Arch grounds into a s eries of
active, informal spaces that, as Kiley intended, create a
coherent frame around the axial gestures of the formal
alles.
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
57/256
WET MEADOW
Stormwater cleaning,storage, inltration
TULIP POPLAR ALLERestored formal element ofKiley/Saarinen plan
SHORT GRASS MEADOW
Stormwater inltration,reference to midwestern ecologiesLAWN
Pockets of occupiable open space
TRAIL NETWORK
Accessible paths activatethe memorial grounds
INTERPRETIVE SIGNAGE
Landscape extension ofeducational program
RESTORED POND
Pond water circulated,free of erosion-fed algae
incrasinGaccssiBiLitY
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
58/256
MVVataM56
Because of its exaggerated topography of bowls andbermsand because the original landscape has not
been renovated since the passage of the Americans with
Disabilities Act in 1990the Memorial landscape is
fully accessible only to the surest of foot. Our proposal
creates a network of new ADA-compliant routes
including elevators at each overlookthat allow
families with strollers, wheelchair users, and visitors of
all ages to enter the Memorial from any direction and
to experience the Arch grounds in their entirety.
SITE PLAN, 198
Connective paths interweave with the pond network under adense canopy of informally planted trees. The formal alles arenarrower than those eventually constructed, and water featuresterminate the high point alle junctions.
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
59/256
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 57
E
I
H
T
H
T
E
E
T
C E S T R E E T
1 -
L T T E E T
K E T T E E T
C H E T T T E E T
I E T E E T
L I E T E E T
L C T T E E T
-
7
0
E
E
T
H
T
E
E
T
F
O
U
R
T
H
S
T
R
E
E
T
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
K T E E T
E
I
H
T
H
T
E
E
T
C E S T R E E T
1 -
L T T E E T
K E T T E E T
C H E T T T E E T
I E T E E T
L I E T E E T
L C T T E E T
T
P O P L A R S T E E T I E
-
7
0
E
E
T
H
T
E
E
T
F
O
U
R
T
H
S
T
R
E
E
T
M
E
M
O
R
I
A
L
D
R
I
V
E
K T E E T
ADA-CompliantAccessible Walkways
Inaccessible Walkways
200 205
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
60/256
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
61/256
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 59
CYPRESS CIRCLE
Existing remnant of Kileys originallandscape plan
LAWN ROOMSmall scale gathering spaces
ECOLOGICAL FRAME
Midwestern biodiversity
HarVstinGWatr
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
62/256
1
Lacledes Landing Storm Runoff
Gateway Mall Storm Runoff
Onsite Storm Runoff
Spring Water from Basement Sumps
MVVataM60
4
2
3
Stormwater on the Arch grounds currently does moreharm than goodan inadequate drainage system
leaves standing water on footpaths and causes erosion
as water runs down the grassy hillsides to the reecting
ponds. In addition, the Memorials proximity to the
river and St. Louiss position over a system of natural
springs have created ooding problems in the subgrade
garage and museum. Our proposal turns this water
from a liability to an asset, collecting it for use as
irrigation and also feeding it into the reecting ponds,
where increased circulation will help prevent algal
bloom.
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
63/256
Wef
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
64/256
Wef
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
65/256
transorMinGtHLV
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
66/256
MVVataM64
The cobblestones that make up the levee are someof the oldest artifacts in St. Louis and one of the last
vestiges of the citys role as an economic capital of
19th-century America. Our proposal seeks to recapture
that entrepreneurial spirit by removing the current
waterfront streetscape and extending the cobble
surface up to the base of the Memorials ood walls.
Instead of tailoring the design to the waterfronts
intermittent automobile trac, the new waterfront,
inspired by Dutch woonerven, is a pedestrian
thoroughfare, though it will continue to accommodate
service, emergency, and event-related vehicle access.When the river is at its normal level, the boulevard
will attract tourists and locals with a wide range of
temporary programming, including a regular ea
and farmers market, art installations, picnic areas,
a water-taxi terminal, a carnival midway, and a
temporary urban beach (in the style of Paris Plages).
New alles of bald cypress trees will create pockets
of shade and establish a material connection to the
Arch grounds. A gentle curve in the cobble surface will
widen the boulevard in front of the Grand Staircase
to accommodate the Celebrate St. Louis SummerConcert series and other larger events. With reinforced
connections to the city through the Memorial grounds
(including, for full accessibility, elevators to the
overlooks at either end), the levee will be an animated
hub of urban activity.
A new program of levee lighting will help extend
this activity into the evening. On the upland side,
oodlights embedded in the cobblestone surface will
illuminate the monolithic Memorial ood wall and
turn it into a canvas animated by the shadows of trees
and passersby. This form will be reected in the river,where a series of six sixty-foot River Gauges will mirror
the imposing silhouettes of the ood walls, creating a
sense of enclosure and redening the boundary of the
waterfront to include the uctuating river edge. Their
light, powered by photovoltaic cells and directed down
onto the water, will vary in intensity depending on the
water level, translating the natural ebb and ow of the
river into a new experiential medium.
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
67/256
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 65
tHriVrsdG
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
68/256
Replace Temporary
Planters with BollardsGrand Staircase
Rail Berm
Proposed Road, River Wall, and Stage RemovalCobblestone Levee Construction
Proposed Road and Streetscape RemovalCobblestone Levee Construction
Fluctuating River Levels
Fluctuating River Levels
Replace Temporary Planterswith Crash Barrier Seat Wall
MVVataM66
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
69/256
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 67
ELEVATION: 1
Top of new levee, 11 daysof ood per year
ELEVATION: 1
1-Year storm, 22 daysof ood per year
ELEVATION: 8
Typical water level
inspirationoraroBUstnWWatrront
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
70/256
LEVEE, 197
RIVERWALL, 1
KING POST TRUSS WATER HEIGHT RULER
COBBLESTONE
CLOTHESPIN STRUCTURE
MOORING STRUCTURE
MVVataM68
riVrGaUGMatriaL
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
71/256
REFLECTIONS OF WATER SURFACE
PRECAST CONCRETE REFLECTING SUNLIGHT
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 69
riVrGaUGsrnWaBLnrGY
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
72/256
PV panels gather and store energyduring the day
rveWll
-Yesmve
(Gelf)
-Yesmve
Be
pVpel
iegeLghg
MVVataM70
riVrGaUGsdYnaMicLVLiGHtinG
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
73/256
The eddies created by the feet of thelight masts will create a complex surfacepattern ideal for illumination.
As the water level rises, the light hitting thewater will increase in intensity.
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 71
- Base of Light Mast
- -Year Storm Event
- -Year Storm Event(Great Flood of )
- Top of River Wall
- Normal Flow
riVrGaUGsMarKinGLoodLVLs
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
74/256
The river gauges will mark the oodingMississippi in two wayshorizontally, by servingas a reference point against which to measure theadvancing waters, and vertically, by marking theheight of the water along their legs.
MVVataM72
- Base of Light Mast
- -Year Storm Event
- -Year Storm Event(Great Flood of )
- Top of River Wall
- Normal Flow
Flooded All YearFlooded . Months a YearFlooded Weeks a YearProposed Adjustmentto Levee Height
Active Transition ZoneA Measure of Fluctuating River Levels
riVrGaUGssKYLinViW
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
75/256
HistoricLandscap&Watrront 73
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
76/256
H L & W:
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
77/256
Historic Landscape & Waterfront: tecHnicaL notes 75
H L & W:
thl n
desiGn and preserVation approacH (nepa 106)
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
78/256
Elizabeth K. Meyer, Historical Landscape Architecture consultant August 2010 Page 1
Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (JNEM)
Gateway Arch Competition 2010Arch+Grounds+City+River
Design + Preservation Approach
How can one imagine a future Arch+City+River without revitalizing the Grounds that connect thesethree together? It will take more than respect for Kiley and adherence to NPS Cultural Landscape
Reports for this revitalization to happen. The Gateway Arch Grounds must be managed with a morecomplex lens that is based on the landscape medium and landscape spatiality, one that was anticipatedby former NPS cultural landscape historian Mary Hughes who managed the 1996 JNEM NPS Cultural
Landscape Report:
This case study also suggests some of the ways in which preserving landscapes isdifferent from preserving buildings. The historic preservation field, evolving over the
years out of a concern for preserving architecture and artifacts, has developed a biastowards material conservation, placing an emphasis on retaining historic fabric with a
lower regard for the less tangible qualities of place and space-making. By these
traditional standards, the Memorial landscape is not historically significant because thematerials found on the site today have only the most tenuous connections to either
master designer. Yet this judgment would ignore the fundamental fact that the
Memorial integrates landscape and structure through a single powerful artistic visionthat transcends individual details and materials by strength of its underlying spatial andsymbolic qualities. If it is to encompass landscapes adequately, the historic preservation
field will need to become more comfortable with notions of concept, space and other
intangible but no less real qualities of the built environment as well as the dynamics ofchange and connection to surrounding natural systems. Landscapes, after all, are often
experienced more as ground (no pun intended) than as figure; spatial characteristicsproportion, scale, visual relationshipsare the basic building blocks of landscape
experience. The Memorial landscape, in which the design concept is more significant
than individual material components, provides a dramatic illustration of these issues. Asthe daring design of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial broke conventions in
the fields of architecture, engineering and landscape architecture, so too will itspreservation serve as an innovative modes for the emerging field of historic landscape
preservation. (Hughes. Dan Kileys Site Design for the Gateway Arch in CharlesBirnbaum, Preserving Modern Landscape Architecture. Papers from the Wave Hill-National
Park Service Conference (1999), p32)
Given what we know about Kileys involvement and the key role of plants in his design vocabulary andspatial principles from the NPS Cultural Landscape Reports (1996 and 2010 revision), it is apparent
that rehabilitation of the Gateway Arch Grounds should be directed towards the re-establishment of
Kileys concept and intentions for the Grounds. This will require translating those intentions into amanagement plan that is based on spatial principles, and the relationship between parts and elements.
These relationships must include the ecological, as well as the cultural, historical and spatial. Our teamhas developed an approach that seeks to work within the Secretary of Interiors Standards and NPS
Elizabeth K. Meyer, Historical Landscape Architecture consultant August 2010 Page 2
Guidelines, but interprets them so they are more suitable for the landscape medium in general, and
modernist landscapes in particular.The MVVA team will build on this more nuanced, and more landscape based, understanding of the
Gateway Arch Grounds so that the center of the Arch+City+River complex is a compelling, urbanlandscape that has historic integrity. But the Gateway Arch Grounds need to be more than this. They
also should be a healthy ecosystem that is more self-sustaining and regenerative than it is now. For thisto occur, the disciplinary boundaries that exist between natural and cultural resource protection needto be examined, so that the essential conditions necessary to the health of urban trees are improved
on the site. Cultural preservation cannot ignore the obvious, and serious need for improving the soiland pond ecology. Kiley design intentions and spatial principles should be overlaid with contemporary
urban ecological practices, so that decisions about plant species, lawn seed mixes, and water quality inthe ponds are not seen through a double lens, of the cultural or the ecological. While sustainabilitybest practices should be considered, they cannot trump cultural landscape character, as if our
generation knows best. But neither can a concern for cultural landscape p reservation be accepted asan excuse for maintaining acres of suburban lawn when a Kileys conception of a meadow might
allow for a mix of grasses and forbs, nor a concern for material conservation result in preserving amonoculture of trees that are thr eatened by a devastating insect.
This approach is much needed in the profession where landscape architects and their collaborating
consultants of historians and scientists carve up landscape into elements, categories and systems,neglecting the complex, and fascinating aspect of most great landscapesthat they are simultaneously
records of past human actions, small and great, and dynamic ecosystems. The Jefferson National
Expansion Memorial, the Gateway Arch Grounds, can be a demonstration for the National ParkService that overcomes this separation. There are many references and resources for this work such
as the Mary Hughes article quoted above. Articles such as Robert Cooks Is Landscape Preservationan Oxymoron? written for the 1996 conference proceedings, Balancing Natural and Cultural Issues inthe Preservation of Historic Landscapes, urged landscape architects to be clear about the values that
undergird ones approach to landscape change, and to recognize that all preservation is an act ofinterpretation. Just as an architect would be able to insert new mechanical systems into a historic
building, if done sensitively, so too such a landscape architect consider how to preserve Kileysintentions with more sustainable water systems or mowing practices.
This will require a team with deep knowledge of the landscape mediumsoils, water, plants and theirecological interactions, of Kileys modernist spatial principles and experiments with planted form, and
contemporary design+preservation debates. We are that team. The lessons learned from this approachto the Gateway Arch Grounds will have application to many other sites and projectsfrom the
National Park Services other urban properties, such as Constitution Gardens and the National Mall,
and numerous modernist landscapes commissioned by private and public clients around the UnitedStates. In brief, the rehabilitation of the Gateway Arch Grounds can be a re-imagination of the
twenty-first century American landscape, one that conceptually and physically considers the site
through a cultural and ecological lens. Knowing how much Dan Kiley appreciated the spiritual, emotive,and physical aspects of the landscape, we cannot help but think he would appreciate this focus on
preserving his intentions, by seeing the forest as well as the trees. In doing so, we can rehabilitate the
character, the spirit, the emotion, and the experience Kiley and Saarinen intended for the GatewayArch Grounds.
MVVa teaM76
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
79/256
Elizabeth K. Meyer, Historical Landscape Architecture consultant August 2010 Page 3
Significance of this Cultural Landscape
Daniel Kileys office was involved the St. Louis Gateway Arch Grounds planning and design for twenty
years, during which time he collaborated on several other projects with architect Eero Saarinen,including the Irwin and Xenia Miller house and garden, University of Chicago, Dulles Airport as well asthe Stiles and Morse Residential Colleges at Yale. At the same time, and more to the point, his firm
gained a reputation for creating memorable spaces of geometrically-ordered groves and bosques with
projects such as Independence Mall in Philadelphia, Lincoln Center in NYC, the Oakland Museum inthe Bay Area, and Washington, D.C.s Pennsylvania Avenue pilot block in front of the FBI Building. In
these projects and many others, Kiley collaborated with the most respected architects of hisgeneration, including SOM, Noyes, Pei, Harrison and Abramowitz, Breuer, Giurgola, Weiss, Barnes,
Robertson, Rogers, and Pelli. During the time Kileys conceptual ideas for the Gateway Arch slowly
formed into a final design direction, his stature within the American architectural design community
was growing; he came to be appreciated by architects as the most sought after landscape architecturecollaborator in late 20 th century America.
During this period from the late 1940s through the mid 1960s when Kiley worked on the Gateway
Arch Grounds, Kileys design vocabulary matured into a modernist spatial vocabulary that is recognized
today as his major contribution to twentieth century landscape architecture. It is also the reason hewas such a respected collaborator with his generation of architectsthey had a shared medium for
integrating inside and outside, architecture and site. As he explained during a 1982 symposium at the
University of Virginia, Kiley considered his primary medium as a landscape architect to be the threedimensional spaces created by plants that were neither as bounded as a built room nor as amorphous
as the open plan in modernist architecture. Kiley was fascinated with an in-between form oflandscape experience that more akin to the spatial quality of a walk through the woods:
the poetics of space, where space is continuous; where two-dimensional
space gets broken down into a movementdynamic movement that never ends,but extends into infinity. Movement that is ever-continuous and elusivelike amaze.
His spatial sequences were realized through the arrangement of plants and experienced through
movement, especially walking. This required precision in geometric plan alignments as well as in the artof parallaxwalking amidst a planted peristyle hall of regularly spaced trees. Kileys spatial focusresonated with the theories and practices of mid-20 th century modern architecture, but it was
grounded in landscape theory and practices (see Meyer essay, Kiley and the Spaces of Landscape
Modernism in Rainey and Treib, Dan Kiley Landscapes. The Poetics of Space) and manifest in the
landscape medium, requiring a knowledge of the habits and form of plant species individually and ingroupings.
How was this design interest manifest in the landscape Kiley made for the Gateway Arch Grounds?
While he and Saarinen developed several schemes for the site between 1947 and 1964, each of them
included a spatial sequence from the city to the memorial that was framed by a dense planting ofregularly spaced trees. They imagined this landscape matrix first as a forest, and then as a forest and
meadow. The urban forest resonated with Saarinens Scandanavian heritage, as well as Kileys long-term interest in interpreting the experience of walking through the woods into a designed landscape
experience. The terms forest and meadow, instead of park, connoted the spatial vastness and
unbounded horizon associated with Americas westward expansion.
Elizabeth K. Meyer, Historical Landscape Architecture consultant August 2010 Page 4
The final scheme they developed together was the most integrated. Saarinen described his pleasurewith the result as follows:
More and more I believe that all parts of an architectural composition must be parts of
the same form world..You see, before it was put together with many different well-related things, but of many different form worlds. Now its going to be all one. Eero
Saarinen (JNEM CLR, 2010 revision, p. 91)
The memorial effect of that sequence was contingent on the interplay of the streamlined, catenary
arch-like shaped of the paths in the site plan, the gently ascending and descending ground plane, thespecific plan arrangement and spacing of tall tree trunks, and the species of trees. Beyond the regularly
spaced rows of trees defining the broad walks, the remainder of the memorial grounds was conceived
of a matrix of groves of smaller, mixed species trees and meadows that contrasted spatially with theapproaches. Collectively, plan arrangement, sectional changes, form and materials defined the character
of this designed landscape, as with others.
Current conditions and management approachDespite the best efforts of many NPS site managers and professional staff, the Gateway Arch
Groundsthe essential matrix (or fabric or mooring, other terms used in the CLRs) for theSaarinen Arch--are suffering from a management approach that has not protected the landscapes
primary character-defining aspect, the spatial experience of a five minute memorial promenade througha majestic peristyle of tree trunks and under a canopy that mediates between the urban scale of the
City and the sublime scale of the Arch and the River.
Focusing on each in separation, as it required by NPS Guidelines for the Treatment of CulturalLandscapes, confuses the means and the ends. This process of analyzing a cultural landscape as a seriesof separate material elements or characteristics, but not re-integrating them into a set of design tactics
or spatial principles often reduces works of landscape architecture to the combination of plants,ground, water and structures. The way that these materials interweave to construct space and
experience is not clearly articulated. The essence of the design is lost.
We know from the documentation undertaken in the NPS Cultural Landscape Reports (1996, 2010
revision) and the General Management Plan (2009) that Kiley choreographed the three ceremonialapproaches to the Saarinen-designed arch with the careful placement of multiple rows of tall native
plants, Liriodendron tulipifera, thirty feet on center in the long dimension. The trees in each row were
staggered by fifteen feet, creating a, elongated quincunx, a variation on the typical evenly spaced
bosque. The spacing between rows, approximately 20 feet on center, widened as one walked towardsthe memorial, opening up towards the scale of the Arch. Kiley described this tree that can grow up to100 feet tall even in urban environments as appropriately scaled to the 630 feet of the Arch itself. The
spatial experience of the grounds, the interaction of geometry, plant species and perambulation, is theessence of Kileys contribution to this project. Individual aspects of his projectits plan, its circulation,
its topographic manipulationwere tools for the construction of experience.
Historic Landscape & Waterfront: tecHnicaL notes 77
8/9/2019 MVVA Team Arch Proposal - Full Narrative
80/256
8