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PRESENTED TO:

MR. GANESH DHAR

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WHAT IS GIS?

GIS

GEOGRAPHIC(WHERE?)

INFORMATION(WHAT?)

SYSTEM(HOW?)

MAPS DATA COMPUTERSOFTWARE

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The simplest form of a GIS is a

paper map !!!

BUTWHATS THE DIFFERENCE?..

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While a Computer-based map (or GIS) contains dynamic

or live data, also known as intelligent data..

..A paper map contains only static data. What you see onthe map is the limit of information available.

For Example: If you double click on airport symbol in aGIS, you can view any attributes associated with thatfeature- like when it was built, type of construction,runway direction, etc.

While, a symbol on a paper map can show you where an

airport is located and thats all about it.

Therefore, GIS is a tool for linking attribute databaseswith digital maps.

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WHAT DOES GIS LOOK LIKE..

SIMPLY A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONWITH ASSOCIATED

ATTRIBUTES

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THE EVOLUTION OF GIS..

Around 15,500 years ago,TALLYwas invented to be associated with the

animal drawings, as track lines and tallies thought to depict migration routes.

These early records mimic the two-element

structure of modern GIS, an image

associated with attribute information.

In 1854, John Snowdepicted a cholera

outbreak in London using points to represent the locations of some

individual cases, possibly the earliest use of the geographic method.

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The year 1962 saw the development of the world's first true operational GIS in

Ontario, Canada by the Federal Department of Forestry and Rural Development.

The system was developed byDr. Roger Tomlinson, it was called the

"Canada Geographic Information System" (CGIS) . It was aninitiative to determine the land capability for rural Canada by mapping information

about soils, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, waterfall, and forestry.

CGIS was the world's first "system" and was an improvement over "mapping"applications. As a result of this, Tomlinson has become known as the Father of

GIS.

In 1964, Howard T Fisher formed the Laboratory for Computer Graphics

and Spatial Analysis at the Harvard Graduate School of Design (LCGSA 1965-1991), where a number of important theoretical concepts in spatial data handling

were developed.

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In 1980s and 1990s industry growth were spurred on by the

growing use of GIS on Unix workstations and the personal

computer.

By the end of the 20th century, the rapid growth in various systems

had been consolidated and standardized on relatively few platforms

and users were beginning to export the concept of viewing GIS dataover the Internet, requiring data format and transfer standards.

More recently, there are a growing number of free, open source

GIS packages which run on a range of operating systems and can be

customized to perform specific tasks.

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70% of the information includes somegeographical Facts in the decision-makingprocess

Visualization impact

Sharing of information

Analytical capability in a spatial context

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FIRE BRIGADE

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The major challenges we face in the

world today--overpopulation,pollution, deforestation, naturaldisasters--have a criticalgeographic dimension.

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COMPONENTS OF GIS

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Hardware

Computer system Scanner

Plotter

Software

Autodesk: AutoCAD Map

Mapinfo Corporation: Mapinfo Environmental Systems Research Institute ( ESRI ): Arcinfo.

PCI Geomatics: PAMAP

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Data

PEOPLE

Methods

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Printed Data.Printed form or PET films

Survey Data.

Coordinate GeometryGlobal Positioning System

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Remotely Sensed DataRemotely Sensed Data

Sensors attach to Platforms

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RASTER

Type of digital image represented in grids Consist of rows and columns.

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VECTOR

Points

Lines

Polygon