1.

• Chapter 19

Religion

Brought to you by:

Cassie, Diana, Sergio, Gabriela, Pierre, Tiffany, Diane & Lynn

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. RELIGION

A SOCIAL institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred.

32. Sacred

Extraordinary

Inspiring Awe & Reverence 33. Profane An ordinary element of everyday life. 34. Ritual

Formal or ceremonial behaviors holding symbolic meaning.

Communion Confessionals 35. FAITH

The belief in a higher power by conviction and not science.

36. Theoretical Approaches toAnalyzing Religion Diana Chia 37. Three Approaches 1. Structural Functional Approach2. Symbolic Interaction3. Social Conflict 38. St ru ct ur al Fu nc ti on al Ap pr oa ch

Social Cohesion

Social Control

Purpose in Life

39. Pilgrimage to Mecca Islam Kumbh Mela Hindu Pilgrimage (Holy bath) Social Cohesion 40. Social Control Judgment Day 10 Commandments 41. Gives Life Purposeand Meaning 42. Symbolic Interaction Approach

Rituals give everyday life sacred meaning

Sacred symbols provide comfort in times of crisis or uncertainty.

Tibetan sky burial 43. Social Conflict Approach

A form of social control.

Religion is used to promote social inequality.

Kings rule by divine right.

King Charles 44.

Gender Inequality

45. By: Sergio Cornejo 46. Max Weber: Protestantism & Capitalism

Religious is usually thought of as a conservative force that does not embrace change but at times in history religion has caused dramatic social change. (Protestants in 1500s)

Max Weber believed that certain religious ideas caused a wave of change that brought about the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe.

Calvinism which was a movement within the Protestant Reformation unknowingly encouraged industrial capitalism.

47. Basis of Calvinism

Predestination

Only God knew

Signs from Gods

Prosperity was Gods blessing

Religious conviction & rigid devotion lead to great wealth

48. Groundwork of Capitalism

Against selfish spending and giving to the poor

They would reinvest and adopt technology

Non-protestants followed becoming a profane belief

No longer Protestant beliefs but capitalism beliefs

Capitalist ideas lead to Industrial revolution in Western Europe

49. Liberation Theory

Liberation theory:the combining of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character.

The idea to reach out to oppressed people urging all to a stronger faith in a better life to come.

50. Background of Liberation Theory

Started In 1960s in Latin American Roman Catholic Churches.

Oppression runs counter to Christian morality

Embrace Christianity

51. Against Liberation Theory

Mixing religion and politics

Pope Benedictine XVI, like Pope John Paul II condemned the liberation theory for distorting the church doctrine with left-winged politics.

52. Types of Religious Organizations By: Gabriela Rodriguez 53. Church 54. Sects 55. Cults 56. Heavens Gate/ Peoples Temple 57. Jim Jones Manson Family 58. World Religions

6 most known religions

• • • together it makes up two-thirds of humanity

• • • • (approximately 4 billion believers).

59. Christianity

Most widespread religion with 2 billion followers

Began as acult

• • Built on the personal charisma of the leader Jesus of Nazareth

• • • He preached of personal salvation.

By the fourth century it was the official religion of the Holy Roman Empire.

One of the most dominant religions

Christianity draws elements from Judaism, a much older religion

Monotheism

Sacred Symbol

Cult :a religious organization that is largely outside a societys cultural traditions. 60. Islam

• 1.2 billion followers

• (one-fifth of humanity)

• • Majority of the people in the Middle East are known as Muslims.

• • Muslims follow the word of God as revealed to Muhammad- the prophet.

• • Origins :The word of God revealed to Muhammad who was born in the city of Mecca at around 570

• • The Quran (Koran) is the sacred text.

• • Wars

• • Socially oppressed women.

4 61. Five Pillars of Islam:

• recognizing Allah as the one, true God and Muhammad as Gods messenger

• Ritual Prayer

• Giving alms to the poor

• Fasting during the month of Ramadan

• making a pilgrimage at least once in ones life to the Sacred House of Allah in Mecca

62.

picture A: Many people in the United States view Muslim women associally oppressed.

picture B :The scared text of Muslims, known as the Quran (Koran).

picture C :The Crescent Moon is the symbol of Islam.

Text Pictures of Islam 63.

15 million followers worldwide.

Jews make up the majority of the population in Israel.

Monotheistic

Jews believe in the concept of thecovenantwhich implies a duty to observe Gods law, especially the Ten Commandments. ]

Torah: Bibles first five books

Three Main Denominations

Discrimination: share a history of oppression as a result of prejudice and discrimination

Today

Judaism Covenant:a special relationship with God by which the Jews became Gods chosen people. 64. Hinduism

The oldest of all the world religions.

• Consists of 800 millionmembers.

Envisions God as a universal moral force rather than a specific entity.

• • • • Hindus believe in the principles of:dharma: the moral responsibilitieskarma: the belief in the spiritual progress of the human soul.

65. Buddhism

Consists of 350 million people.

Buddhist teachings are similar to that of Hindu beliefs.

Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama who became the Buddha.

• Buddha taught that meditation can help us move beyond selfish concerns and material desires.

By connecting with the power of the universe, people can reachnirvana- the state of enlightenment and peace.

66. Confucianism

Was a state church - the official religion of China until the beginning of the twentieth century.

Confucius instructed his followers to engage the world according to a code of moral conduct.

Jenmeaning humaneness is the central idea of Confucianism.

• • Meaning we must always place moral principle above our self-interest .

67. Religion: East and West West East

Christianity

Islam

Judaism

Hinduism

Buddhism

Confucianism

Have a clear focus on God as a distinct entity.

Form congregations, worshipping together in a special place at a regular time.

Focus on the divine power and spiritual beliefs.

Express their religion anywhere without a schedule.

68. Religion In the United States By Dianne Lee 69. Religious Membership across the U.S. Religious diversity across the U.S. ReligiosityIn GlobalPerspective 70. Religion in a Changing Society Lynn Truong Group 5/ Religion 71. Secularization

Secularization- the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred commonly associated with modern, technologically advanced societies in which science is the major way of understanding

VS. 72.

US is becoming a postdenomination society.

In other words, people are seeking spiritual development outside of established religious organizations.

Five core values of New Age Seekers:

• 1.Seekers believe in a higher power.

• Seekers believe were all connected.

• Seekers believe in a spirit world.

• Seekers want to experience the spirit world.

• Seekers pursue transcendence.

New Age Seekers: Spirituality without Formal Religion 73.

TREND : As many churchlike organizations become more worldly, many people leave them in favor of more sect-like communities offering a more intense religious experience.

Religious Revival: Good Old-Time Religion 74. Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism- a conservative religious doctrine that opposes intellectualism and worldly accommodations in favor of restoring traditional, other worldly religion

Fundamentalism is distinctive in 5 ways:

• 1.Fundamentalists take the words of sacred texts literally.

• 2.Fundamentalists reject religious pluralism.

• 3.Fundamentalists pursue the personal experience of Gods presence.

• 4.Fundamentalists oppose secular humanism.

• 5.Many fundamentalists endorse conservative political goals.