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BY- SUNEET SRIVASTAVA
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History of Fiber Optic Transmission
Types of Multiplexing
Principle of WDM
WDM Technology
WDM Components
Transmission Challenges
Future Scope
Application
Conclusion
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EVOLUTION OF FIBER
OPTIC TRANSMISSION In mid 1960s researchers proposed optical
fiber as suitable transmission medium.
In 1970 , Corning produced the firstcommunicationgrade fibers.
AT& T first standardized transmission atDS3 speed(45Mbps) for multimode fibers.
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Thereafter, single mode fibers were shown to be
capable of transmission rates 10 times that ofolder type.
These regions called windows, lie between
area of high absorption.
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5
Fiber Characteristics
1550Window
1310Window
O - band E - band S - band C - band L - band
1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 16001552Wavelength
(nm)
CWDM Window
DWDM Window
C Band Range : 1530nm
1560nmL Band Range : 1570nm 1600nm
Water Peak
WINDOWS
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WHAT ACTUALLY IS MULTIPLEXING ?
MULTIPLEXING (also known as muxing)
is a method by which multiple analog
message signals or digital data streamsare combined into one signal over a
shared medium.
a device that performs the multiplexing is
called a multiplexer (mux), and a device
that performs the reverse process is
called a demultiplexer (demux).
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Time Division Multiplexing
Frequency Division multiplexing
Code Division Multiplexing Wavelength Division multiplexing
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PROBLEM:
DEMAND FOR MASSIVE INCREASES IN CAPACITY
IMMEDIATE SOLUTION:
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
LONGER TERM SOLUTION:
OPTICAL FIBRE NETWORKS
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
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LIGHTWAVE SYSTEM
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Colors are transmitted through air and may
mixThese colors can be easily separated by
prism
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PRINCIPLE
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ADVANTAGES OF WDM
Unlimited Transmission Capacity
Transparency
Scalability
Dynamic Provisioning
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IS WDM FLEXIBLE?
Fiber Cable
WDM Fiber MUX
Independent
opticial bitrates
and formats
GE
SONET
Fiber Channel
ATM
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IS WDM EXPANDABLE?
Incremental capacity expansion to 80 Gbits/sand beyond
Allows reuse of the installed equipment base
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TYPES OF WDM
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WDM SYSTEM
Block Diagram of DWDM System
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WDM COMPONENTS
l1l2
l3
l1l2l3
l1...nl1...n
lens
prism
prismlensFiber optic
Light source Photo detector
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LIGHT SOURCES LED (light emitting diode)
LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation)
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WDM COMPONENTS
Optical Multiplexer
Optical De-multiplexer
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer(OADM)
l1l2l3
l1l2l3
Transponder
850/1310 15xx
l1l2
l3
l1...n
l1...n
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WDM SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICSComponent reliabilitySystem availability
System margin.
System wavelength and bit rate can be upgraded
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TRANSMISSION
CHALLENGESAttenuation Attenuation is caused by :
- intrinsic factors primarily scattering
and absorption- extrinsic factors, including stress fromthe manufacturing process, theenvironment, and physical bending
Rayleigh scattering - is an issue atshorter wavelengths
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RAYLEIGH SCATTERING
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Attenuation due to absorption
- is an issue at longer wavelengths
- the intrinsic properties of the material
- impurities in the glass, and any atomic
defects in the glass.
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Absorption
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DISPERSION Spreading of light pulses
Two general types of dispersion
Chromatic Dispersion - is linear
Polarization Mode Dispersion - is nonlinear.
FUTURE OF WDM
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FUTURE OF WDM
What the future holds
Two-way video communication
Digital video for our everyday use
The Ultimate Squeeze- reducing the space between wavelengths- expanding the range of transmission
wavelengths- better EDFAs
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Develop better equipment
Cheap WDM pipelines
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APPLICATIONS OF WDM
Long-distance telecommunications
Building or expanding networks
Network wholesalers can lease capacity
Utilize the existing thin fiber
DWDM improves signal transmission
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New technology for utilization of bandwidth
Ultra high speed data rate
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