MYSTERIES OF EARTHMYSTERIES OF EARTHAND MARSAND MARS

Unit OneUnit OnePhysical SciencePhysical Science

(or, getting there from here)(or, getting there from here)

An Overview By- Jack Forristel -

Unit One ContentUnit One Content

Article 1.1 - Destination Mars

Article 1.2 - Energizing An Orbiter

Article 1.3 - Building A Rover

Article 1.4 - Water - Water

....Nowhere

Activity 1.1 - Build A Rocket

Activity 1.2 - Facts Of Friction

Activity 1.3 - Safe Landing

Activity 1. 4 - Properties Of

Salt/Fresh Water

Science Topics CoveredScience Topics Covered• Orbits

• Gravity

• Newton's Laws Of Motion

• Force

• Mass

• Energy

• Potential Energy

• Kinetic Energy

• Energy Transfer

• Conservation Of Energy

• Friction

• Design (Considerations)

• Engineering Constraints

• Properties Of Water

• Phase Changes

• Atmospheric Pressure

When To “Shoot”When To “Shoot”

• Closest @ 69M Km on 10/27/05?

• Furthest @ 390M Km on 9/27/06?

• Considerations- Daylight at   launch/arrival- Wx at launch- Solar activity- Flight time- Length of flight

- On & on & on & on

ORBITAL MECHANICSORBITAL MECHANICS

ORBITAL MECHANICSORBITAL MECHANICS

ORBITAL MECHANICSORBITAL MECHANICS

Trajectory To LandingTrajectory To Landing

27 August, 200327 August, 2003Closest to earth in thousands of yearsClosest to earth in thousands of years

56M Km56M Km

9/23/05 Positions9/23/05 Positions

SIR ISAAC NEWTONSIR ISAAC NEWTON1642 - 1727

• Graduated from Cambridge University WITHOUT DISTINCTION.

• At age 23, began formulating his (1) Law of Universal Gravitation, (2) Calculus, (3) extended Galileo's work, (4) developed his 3 laws of motion and, (5), clarified the nature of light.

ISAAC NEWTONISAAC NEWTON1642 - 1727

When asked how he was able to make so many discoveries, he replied that he found his solutions to problems not by sudden insight but by thinking

very long and hard about them until he worked them out.

(I wish I had thought this way when I was a college student. May have helped.)

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTIONMOTION

A body at rest or in uniform motion will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless some external force is applied to it.

Often referred to as the”law of inertia”.

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTIONOF MOTION

The net force on an object is equal to the product of its acceleration and its mass.

F = ma

One of the most famous formulas in our world.

NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTIONMOTION

To every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Sometimes called the law of momentum.

M = mv

NEWTON’S LAW OF NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATIONUNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

Every mass attracts every other mass with a force that, for any two masses, is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.

F = m1m2/d2

FORCEFORCE((Any influence that can cause an object to be

accelerated)

Typical Forces

• Gravity

• Friction

• Turning moments

• Pressure

• Balanced

• Unbalanced

Can Make Things• Speed up• Slow down• Change direction• Change shape• Turn• Change Size• Change Temperature

ENERGYENERGY

• POTENTIALPOTENTIAL energy is stored energy. It is there, it is available, it is useable.

• KINETICKINETIC energy is the energy of motion. Falling and moving bodies posses kinetic energy.

MORE ABOUT MORE ABOUT ENERGYENERGY

AEROBRAKINGAEROBRAKING

A technique used by spacecraft in which it uses drag within a planetary atmosphere to reduce its velocity relative to the planet. This removes a large amount of kinetic energy over a short period of time, most of which is converted into heat by shock heating the air ahead of the spacecraft.

AEROBRAKINGAEROBRAKINGGlobal SurveyorGlobal Surveyor

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSDESIGN CONSIDERATIONS(Going-Landing-Roving)

• Structures (weight/strength)

• Energy (how much, what kind & when)

• Heating (going, entry, roving)

• Pressures (dynamic, atmospheric, gravity)

• Radiation (thermal, EMS)

• Others

NEXT: A FILMNEXT: A FILM

THEN: FLY A ROCKETTHEN: FLY A ROCKET

FOLLOWED BY: DROPPING FOLLOWED BY: DROPPING EGGSEGGS

From Here To There Via From Here To There Via Newton (and others)Newton (and others)

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