NĀ MEA `IKE HONUA

LOSS OF THE LUNAR CALENDAR

• The rhythms of the moon dictated when planting, harvesting and fishing activities should occur

`ILIAHI

• `Iliahi – sandalwood

• First commercial venture with the West

CHRISTIANITY

• Missionaries arrived in 1820

• Moku`aikaua Church in Kailua-Kona was the first church established

EDUCATION

• Written language developed

• Western schools created

• `Ōlelo Hawai`i banned in schools

LAND COMMISSION

• Established in 1846

• Purpose: to settle land disputes between the King of Hawai`i who “owned” all land and settlers who were not native to Hawai`i

THE GREAT MĀHELE

• Māhele – portion, division, section, zone, lot, piece; share, as of stocks; to divide, cut into parts, deal

THE GREAT MĀHELE

• 1848 – 1855

• Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III)

• Introduced the concept of “land ownership”

KULEANA ACT OF 1850

• It authorized the Land Commission to award fee simple title to native Hawaiians who occupied and cultivated any portion of the crown, government or konohiki land. But they must prove ownership by:– Land survey

– File a claim with Land Commission

– Prove that the land being claimed can earn a living

LOSS OF LAND

• Within decades, title to thousands of acres had fallen into the hands of non-Hawaiians.

• Even the crown lands, owned by the king and his successors, were often sold or leased to foreigners as payments of debts or in exchange for foreign goods and supplies.

HULA• 1830 – Hula was

banned from being performed publicly

• 1859 – Required to obtain a license for hula performances

• 1870 – Law restricting public hula was repealed

BELIEFS & PRACTICES TODAY

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Mahalo!