2018
NAEIS REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
REGULATED SECTORS
Version Date Created By Reviewed By Description
1.0 30/03/2015 Sindi Mashele/Patience Gwaze
Initial Version
2.0 December 2017
P. Gwaze, S. Mashele and V. Gololo
Version 2. Include emission units for Section 21 listed activities and the pollutants to be reported
CONTENTS
1 NAEIS REPORTING GROUPS .........................................................................................................5
2 GROUP A REPORTING ............................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
3 CATEGORY 1 COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS .................................................................................8
3.1 SUBCATEGORY 1.1: SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS ..................................................................... 8 3.2 SUBCATEGORIES 1.2, 1.4, AND 1.5: ......................................................................................................... 9 3.3 SUBCATEGORIES 1.3 10 3.4 SUBCATEGORIES 1.6: SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS.............................................................. 11
4 CATEGORY 2: PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, THE PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS AND LIQUID FUELS AS
WELL AS PETROCHEMICALS FROM CRUDE OIL, COAL, GAS OR BIOMASS ........................................... 12
4.1 SUBCATEGORY 2.1: COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS .................................................................................... 12 4.2 SUBCATEGORY 2.2: CATALYTIC CRACKING UNITS .................................................................................... 12 4.3 SUBCATEGORY 2.3: SULPHUR RECOVERY UNITS ..................................................................................... 12 4.4 SUBCATEGORY 2.4: STORAGE AND HANDLING OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ................................................... 13
5 CATEGORY 3: CARBONIZATION AND COAL GASIFICATION ........................................................... 14
5.1 SUBCATEGORY 3.1: INDUSTRIAL FUEL OIL RECYCLERS ............................................................................. 14 5.2 SUBCATEGORY 3.2: COKE PRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 14 5.3 SUBCATEGORY 3.3: TAR PROCESSES .................................................................................................... 15 5.4 SUBCATEGORY 3.4: CHAR AND CHARCOAL AND CARBON BLACK PRODUCTION .............................................. 15 5.5 SUBCATEGORY 3.5: ELECTRODE PASTE PRODUCTION .............................................................................. 16 5.6 SUBCATEGORY 3.6: SYNTHETIC GAS PRODUCTION AND CLEAN-UP ............................................................. 16
6 CATEGORY 4: METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY ................................................................................. 17
6.1 SUBCATEGORY 4.1: DRYING AND CALCINING ........................................................................................... 17 6.2 SUBCATEGORY 4.2 COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS .................................................................................... 17 6.3 SUBCATEGORY 4.3: PRIMARY ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION ............................................................................ 19
6.3.1 Bayer Process ......................................................................................................................... 19 6.3.2 Hall-Heroult aluminium smelting process .................................................................................... 21
6.4 SUBCATEGORY 4.4: SECONDARY ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION ....................................................................... 22 6.5 SUBCATEGORY 4.5: SINTER PLANTS ...................................................................................................... 23 6.6 SUBCATEGORY 4.6: BASIC OXYGEN FURNACES ....................................................................................... 24 6.7 SUBCATEGORY 4.7: ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY) ................................................ 24 6.8 SUBCATEGORY 4.8: BLAST FURNACES ................................................................................................... 25 6.9 SUBCATEGORY 4.9: FERRO-ALLOY PRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 26 6.10 SUBCATEGORY 4.10: FOUNDRIES ......................................................................................................... 27 6.11 SUBCATEGORY 4.11: AGGLOMERATION OPERATIONS ............................................................................... 28 6.12 SUBCATEGORY 4.12: PRE-REDUCTION AND DIRECT REDUCTION ................................................................ 29 6.13 SUBCATEGORY 4.13: LEAD SMELTING ................................................................................................... 30 6.14 SUBCATEGORY 4.14: PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF ZINC, NICKEL AND CADMIUM ................................... 30 6.15 SUBCATEGORY 4.15: PROCESSING OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, BERYLLIUM, CHROMIUM AND SILICON ................... 31 6.16 SUBCATEGORY 4.16: SMELTING AND CONVERTING OF SULPHIDE ORES ....................................................... 32 6.17 SUBCATEGORY 4.17: PRECIOUS AND BASE METAL PRODUCTION AND REFINING ............................................ 33
6.17.1 Platinum Production ................................................................................................................. 33 6.17.2 Gold Production ....................................................................................................................... 34
6.17.3 Titanium Production ................................................................................................................. 35 6.18 SUBCATEGORY 4.18: VANADIUM ORE PROCESSING ................................................................................. 36 6.19 SUBCATEGORY 4.19: PRODUCTION AND OR CASTING OF BRONZE, BRASS AND COPPER .................................. 38 6.20 SUBCATEGORY 4.20: SLAG PROCESSES ................................................................................................ 38 6.21 SUBCATEGORY 4.21: METAL RECOVERY ................................................................................................ 39 6.22 SUBCATEGORY 4.22: HOT DIP GALVANIZING ........................................................................................... 40 6.23 SUBCATEGORY 4.23: METAL SPRAY ...................................................................................................... 40
7 CATEGORY 5: MINERAL PROCESSING, STORAGE AND HANDLING SUBCATEGORY ....................... 42
7.1 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF ORE AND COAL .......................................................................................... 42 7.2 SUBCATEGORY 5.2: DRYING 43 7.3 SUBCATEGORY 5.3: CLAMP KILNS FOR BRICK PRODUCTION ....................................................................... 44 7.4 SUBCATEGORY 5.5: CEMENT PRODUCTION (USING CONVENTIONAL FUELS AND/OR RESOURCES) ....................... 46 7.5 SUBCATEGORY 5.5: CEMENT PRODUCTION (USING ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND/OR RESOURCES) .......................... 47 7.6 SUBCATEGORY 5.6: LIME PRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 48 7.7 SUBCATEGORY 5.7: LIME PRODUCTION (USING ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND/OR RESOURCES) ............................... 49 7.8 SUBCATEGORY 5.8: GLASS AND MINERAL WOOL PRODUCTION ................................................................... 50
7.8.1 Glass and Fibreglass Production ............................................................................................... 50 7.8.2 Glass and Fibreglass Production ............................................................................................... 53
7.9 SUBCATEGORY 5.9: CERAMIC PRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 55 7.10 SUBCATEGORY 5.10: MACADAM PREPARATION ....................................................................................... 57 7.11 SUBCATEGORY 5.11: ALKALI PROCESSES .............................................................................................. 59 7.12 CATEGORY 6: ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY ........................................................................................ 60
8 CATEGORY 7: INORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY ....................................................................... 60
8.1 SUBCATEGORY 7.1: PRODUCTION AND OR USE IN MANUFACTURING OF AMMONIA, FLUORINE, FLUORINE COMPOUNDS,
CHLORINE, AND HYDROGEN CYANIDE 60 8.2 SUBCATEGORY 7.2: PRODUCTION OF ACIDS ........................................................................................... 61 8.3 SUBCATEGORY 7.3: PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER ...................................................................... 62 8.4 SUBCATEGORY 7.4: PRODUCTION, USE IN PRODUCTION OR RECOVERY OF ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, BERYLLIUM, CADMIUM,
CHROMIUM, COBALT, LEAD, MERCURY, AND OR SELENIUM, BY THE APPLICATION OF HEAT. ......................................... 62 8.5 SUBCATEGORY 7.5: PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE ........................................................................... 63 8.6 SUBCATEGORY 7.6: PRODUCTION OR USE OF PHOSPHORUS AND PHOSPHATE SALTS NOT MENTIONED ELSEWHERE64 8.7 SUBCATEGORY 7.7: PRODUCTION OF CAUSTIC SODA ............................................................................... 65
9 CATEGORY 8: THERMAL TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND GENERAL WASTE .............................. 66
9.1 SUBCATEGORY 8.1: THERMAL TREATMENT OF GENERAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE ......................................... 66 9.2 SUBCATEGORY 8.2: CREMATORIA AND VETERINARY WASTE INCINERATION ................................................... 67 9.3 SUBCATEGORY 8.3: BURNING GROUNDS ................................................................................................ 67 9.4 SUBCATEGORY 8.4: DRUM RECYCLING PROCESSES ................................................................................. 68
10 CATEGORY 9: PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING BY-PRODUCTS
RECOVERY ....................................................................................................................................... 70
10.1 SUBCATEGORY 9.1: LIME RECOVERY KILN .............................................................................................. 70 10.2 SUBCATEGORY 9.2: ALKALI RECOVERY FURNACES .................................................................................. 71 10.3 SUBCATEGORY 9.3: CHEMICAL RECOVERY COPELAND REACTORS .............................................................. 72 10.4 SUBCATEGORY 9.4: CHLORINE DIOXIDE PLANTS ...................................................................................... 72 10.5 SUBCATEGORY 9.5: WOOD BURNING, DRYING AND THE PRODUCTION OF MANUFACTURED WOOD PRODUCTS ..... 72
11 CATEGORY 10: ANIMAL MATTER PROCESSING ......................................................................... 73
12 MINE AND QUARRIES REPORTING REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 75
12.1 EMISSION SOURCES IN THE MINING SECTOR ........................................................................................... 75 12.2 OPEN CAST MINING 75 12.3 UNDERGROUND MINING 76 12.4 QUARRIES 76 12.5 POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN IN THE SECTOR .............................................................................................. 76 12.6 CONTROLS WILL INCLUDE: 77 12.7 EMISSION ESTIMATION METHODOLOGIES ................................................................................................ 77 12.8 TIER 1 DEFAULT APPROACH (NAEIS APPROACH) ..................................................................................... 78 12.9 EXAMPLES: 80
13 SECTION 23 REPORTING ......................................................................................................... 80
13.1 POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN FROM SMALL BOILERS ..................................................................................... 80 13.2 EMISSION ESTIMATION METHODOLOGIES ................................................................................................ 81 13.3 TIER 1 EMISSION FACTOR DEFAULT APPROACH ........................................................................................ 82
13.3.1 Tier 1 NSC and Emission Factors .............................................................................................. 82 13.4 TIER 2 TECHNOLOGY/ACTIVITY- SPECIFIC APPROACH ............................................................................... 84
13.4.1 Tier 2 -Technology/Activity- NSC and Emission Factors ............................................................... 85 13.5 UNCERTAINTIES IN METHODOLOGIES ..................................................................................................... 87 13.6 CONCLUSION 87 13.7 REFERENCES 87 13.8 APPENDIX 87
13.8.1 Annexure A: Tier 1 Biomass Emission Factors ............................................................................ 87 13.8.2 Annexure A1: Biomass Net Calorific Values ................................................................................ 89 13.8.3 Annexure B: Tier 1 anthracite Coal Emission Factors .................................................................. 90 13.8.4 Annexure C: Tier 1 Lignite Coal Emission Factors ....................................................................... 90 13.8.5 Annexure D: Tier 1 Bituminous Coal Emission Factors ................................................................ 91 13.8.6 Annexure E: Tier 1 Residual Oil Emission Factors ....................................................................... 92 13.8.7 Annexure F: Tier 1 Diesel Oil Emission Factors......................................................................... xciii
14 REPORTING PARTICULATE MATTER IN NAEIS ...................................................................... XCIII
1 INTRODUCTION
This document provides guidance on how to develop emissions inventories from point sources and non-point sources. It gives guidance to the method that could be followed to estimate the emissions and the pollutants to be considered.
2 NAEIS REPORTING GROUPS
Group Emission source
Data provider NAEIS Reporting Requirements
Relevant Authority
A
Listed activity in terms of Section 21(1) of the Act.
Any person that undertakes a listed activity in terms of Section 21(1) of the Act.
Emission reports must be made in the format required for NAEIS and should be in accordance with the atmospheric emission license or provisional atmospheric emission license.
Licensing authority.
B Controlled emitter.
Any person that undertakes a listed activity in terms of Section 21(1) of the Act and uses an appliance or conducts an activity which has been declared a controlled emitter in terms of Section 23(1) of the Act. Any relevant air quality officer receiving emission reports as contemplated under notice made in terms of Section 23 of the AQA.
Any information that is required to be reported in terms of the Notice published in the Gazette in terms of Section 23 of the Act.
The relevant air quality officer as contemplated under the notice made in terms of Section 23 of the Act.
C
Mines. Any person, that holds a mining right or permit in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002).
Emission reports must be made in the format required for NAEIS.
Relevant air quality officer.
D Facilities with criteria pollutants who are not listed in group A and B.
Any person that operates facilities which generate criteria pollutants who do not report in terms of group A and B in accordance with the applicable Municipal By-law.
Emission reports must be made in the format required for NAEIS.
Relevant air quality officer.
3 ESTIMATING EMISSIONS
Reporting of Section 21 facilities is informed by the processes the facilities operates and are generating emissions that can be released into the atmosphere. For each process/listed activity, this guideline provides emission units to be reported to NAEIS, pollutants per emission unit and the methodology for estimating emissions. There are various methods to estimate emission inventory and they include emissions factors, direct measurements, mass balance and process modelling. The emission report with detailed methodology must be provided as part of supporting document for emission values reported on NAEIS. The report must state the step by step process followed to calculate emissions including all the assumptions. This report forms part of evidence that will be used during the auditing process.
3.1 Estimating Emissions from Measurements Emissions from point sources can be easily measured following Methods stipulated in Section 21. For the measurement to be valid the sample must be representative of the bulk gas stream. There are continuous and periodic measurement techniques. Continuous measurements are more reliable and more representative than periodic measurement particularly for inventory compilation. Periodic measurement is just a point in space whilst continuous measurements give the entire space. Direct measurements can be used to estimate emissions from the process provided they meet the following requirements:
The measurement must be representative of the bulk stream (Stack). The measurements, must be
conducted in accordance with the methods stipulated in Section 21
The number of measurements must be spatially distributed to account for process variability for the
reporting period
Facilities using CEM must report estimate emissions based on their measurements. This implies that if a facility is measuring NOx continuously, the NOx emissions must be estimated using data from the CEM.
3.2 Estimating Emissions from Process Modelling Process modelling is an advanced form of mass balance. In this method the entire process is modelled and simulated to calculate all the process streams, species, phases, physical properties and other operating parameters. The models are developed considering the mass balance, energy balance and the momentum balance. Thus the process thermodynamic is fully accounted for. In most cases the models are fully calibrated and verified before they are used in practise. If the facility elects to use this method, the actual model must be made available for purpose of inventory auditing.
3.3 Estimating Emissions from Mass Balance Mass balance can be used estimate emissions where streams entering and leaving the process are well understood. The fundamental principle of this method is based on defining and understanding the boundary of conditions of the process. This method also requires a full understanding of the process chemistry in particular the transformation of chemical species and their phases.
Not all pollutants can be easily estimated using mass balance. PM is one of the difficult pollutants to calculate using mass balance. The biggest challenge is accounting for all streams entering and leaving the system. Furthermore, PM is a mixture of various substances which add another complexity is the calculations. It is even more cumbersome to estimate PM10 and PM2.5. In general gases are much easier to estimate using mass balance than PM. Anyone using this method must provide in their emissions report a step by step description of the method with all the assumption stated.
3.4 Estimating Emissions using Emission Factors Emission factors can be used for processes or sources where direct measurements cannot be undertaken or the measurements are not sufficient to represent the emissions variability for the reporting period. NAEIS contains a database of emission factors, based on the US AP 42 database, EU, International Emission Factor Databases: OECD, IPCC and other databases for a range of activities. The emission factors can be used to estimate emissions:
Where there are no site-specific measurements for specific pollutants. For example, few facilities measure
CO or heavy metals, thus emission factors can be used to complete the inventory report with all relevant
pollutants
NAEIS emission factors are useful defaults or for crosschecking other estimation methodologies
In cases where facilities use local, site specific or other emission factors to estimate emissions, the emission factors must be peer-reviewed (proof of such review supplied), and the estimation measurements provided as evidence. The Section 4 to 12 gives guidance for reporting of emissions for all Section 21 listed activities. These sections provide different emission units and the associated pollutants that should be reported. It is important to note that the list of emission units is not exhaustive. The reporting facility must include all units emitting emissions to the atmosphere even though it might not appear of the list. Further guidelines on direct emission measurements will be provided in the Emission Monitoring Norms and Standards.
4 CATEGORY 1 COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS
4.1 Subcategory 1.1: Solid Fuel Combustion Installations
Subcategory
NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 1.1
Boilers
Anthracite coal
Bituminous coal
Subbituminous coal
Lignite
Coke
NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx,
CO
Pb
NH3
NMVOCs
Blender Conveyer belts Transfer points Mill/Crusher Stock Piles Ash dam, Sludge
Anthracite coal
Bituminous coal
Subbituminous coal
Lignite
Coke
Fly-ash
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
4.2 Subcategories 1.2, 1.4, and 1.5:
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 1.2 1.4, and 1.5:
Boilers
Turbines
Reciprocating engines
Diesel
Natural
gas
LPG
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
Pb
NMVOCs
Storage tanks prescribed in Sub category 2.4
Fuel storage tanks and
transfer points (loading and
offloading points, working
and standing emissions)
Diesel
Natural
gas
LPG
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions e.g., Tanks Model to estimate VOCs. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCs
Benzene
4.3 Subcategories 1.3
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 1.3: Solid biomass Combustion Installations
Boilers
Solid
biomass
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NH3
NMVOCs
Storage facilities
Processing units
(cleaning, chipping,
blending)
Drying units
Conveyor belts and
transfer points
Solid
biomass
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
NMVOCs
4.4 Subcategories 1.6: Solid Waste Combustion Installations
Subcategory
NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 1.6: Solid waste Combustion Installations
Boilers
Solid
waste
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NH3
NMVOCs
Heavy metals
Mercury
HF
Cadmium and Thallium
Dioxins and furans
HCl
Storage facilities
Processing units (cleaning,
chipping, blending)
Drying units, Conveyor belts
and transfer points
Solid
biomass
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
NMVOCs
H2S
5 CATEGORY 2: PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, THE PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS AND
LIQUID FUELS AS WELL AS PETROCHEMICALS FROM CRUDE OIL, COAL, GAS
OR BIOMASS
5.1 Subcategory 2.1: Combustion Installations
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 2.1 Combustion Installations
Heaters and
furnaces
Fuel (explicit for
specific operations)
For standard fuels, NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
5.2 Subcategory 2.2: Catalytic Cracking Units
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 2.2: Catalytic Cracking Units
Cracking
Unit
Petroleum NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
H2S
5.3 Subcategory 2.3: Sulphur Recovery Units
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 2.3: Sulphur Recovery
Sulphur
Recovery
Fuel Gas NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
NMVOCs
H2S
SO2
5.4 Subcategory 2.4: Storage and Handling of Petroleum Products
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Sub category 2.4
Fuel storage tanks and
transfer points (loading and
offloading points, working
and standing emissions)
Liquid fuels
(diesel,
petrol, etc.)
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions e.g., Tanks Model to estimate VOCs. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCs
Benzene
6 CATEGORY 3: CARBONIZATION AND COAL GASIFICATION
6.1 Subcategory 3.1: Industrial Fuel Oil Recyclers
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 3.1: Industrial Fuel Oil Recyclers
Heaters and
furnaces
Fuel (explicit for
specific
operations)
For standard fuels, NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
6.2 Subcategory 3.2: Coke Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 3.2: Coke Production
Furnace
Coal for coal
production
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
H2S
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
NH3
Blender
Conveyer
belts
Transfer
points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Ash dam
Sludge
Anthracite coal
Bituminous coal
Subbituminous coal
Lignite
Coke
Fly-ash
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
6.3 Subcategory 3.3: Tar Processes
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 3.3: Tar Production
Heater
Tar NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Storage tanks prescribed in Sub category 2.4
Fuel storage tanks and
transfer points (loading
and offloading points,
working and standing
emissions)
Liquid fuels
(diesel,
petrol, etc)
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions e.g., Tanks Model to estimate VOCs. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCs
Benzene
6.4 Subcategory 3.4: Char and Charcoal and Carbon Black Production
Section 21 Category
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Category 3: Combustion Installations
Subcategory 3.4: Char and charcoal and carbon black production
Furnace
Biomass for
charcoal
production
Coal for
char
production
Oil from
carbon
black
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
PAHs
Blender
Conveyer
belts
Transfer
points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Briquetting
Biomass or coal Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
6.5 Subcategory 3.5: Electrode Paste Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 3.5: Electrode Paste
Furnace/Kiln or
Calciner
Coal
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Coal/coke Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
6.6 Subcategory 3.6: Synthetic Gas Production and Clean-up
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 3.5: Synthetic gas production and cleaning
Gasifier
Coal
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 Or CEM Stack Monitoring results
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NMVOCs
H2S
NH3
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Ash dam
Coal Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7 CATEGORY 4: METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY
7.1 Subcategory 4.1: Drying and Calcining
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.1: Drying and Calcining
Calciner
Drying Kiln
Drier
Type of fuel used in generating heat
Emissions estimated from facility using CEM Stack Monitoring results etc., Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Fuel handling (e.g., for coal include blender, conveyer belts, Transfer points, Mill/Crusher, stock piles, ash dam)
Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Fuel handling – liquid or gas include fuel storage units
1. Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCS
Benzene
7.2 Subcategory 4.2 Combustion Installations
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.1: Drying and Calcining
Process Heater Type of fuel used in generating heat
Emissions estimated from facility using CEM Stack Monitoring results etc., Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Fuel handling (e.g., for coal include blender, conveyer belts, Transfer points, Mill/Crusher, stock piles, ash dam)
Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Fuel handling – liquid or gas include fuel storage units
2. Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCS
Benzene
7.3 Subcategory 4.3: Primary Aluminium Production
7.3.1 Bayer Process
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.3: Primary Aluminium Production – Bayer Process
Blender Conveyer belts Transfer points Mill/Crusher Stock Piles Sludge
Aluminum ore NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Calciner
Drying Kiln
Drier
Type of fuel used in generating heat
Emissions estimated from facility using CEM Stack Monitoring results etc., Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Fuel handling (e.g., for coal include blender, conveyer belts, Transfer points, Mill/Crusher, stock piles, ash dam)
Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Fuel handling – liquid or gas include fuel storage units
3. Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCS
Benzene
7.3.2 Hall-Heroult aluminium smelting process
Figure 1. Hall-Heroult aluminium smelting process
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.4: Secondary Aluminium Production
Furnace Aluminium produced
NAEIS EF based on US-AP42 or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
HF
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Tapping Aluminum
produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
7.4 Subcategory 4.4: Secondary Aluminium Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.4: Secondary Aluminium Production
Furnace Aluminium Produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
HF
SO2
NOx
NH3
CO
NMVOCs
Fuel handling (e.g., for coal include blender, conveyer belts, tapping, transfer points, Mill/Crusher, stock piles, ash dam)
Type of fuel used
in generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Fuel handling – liquid or gas include fuel storage units
4. Type of fuel used
in generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCS
Benzene
7.5 Subcategory 4.5: Sinter Plants
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.5: Sinter Plants
Sinter Plant
Material produced
specific to the Sinter
plant (lead, zinc, iron,
steel)
NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Material handled
specific to the Sinter
plant (lead, zinc, iron,
steel)
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.6 Subcategory 4.6: Basic Oxygen Furnaces
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.6: Basic Oxygen Furnaces
Furnace Steel Produced NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Tapping Steel
Produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions
PM10
PM2.5
7.7 Subcategory 4.7: Electric Arc Furnaces (Primary and Secondary)
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.7: Electric Arc Furnaces (Primary and Secondary)
Furnace Steel Produced NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
Metals depending on
available NAEIS EFs
Tapping
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Slag dams/waste
Iron ore Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.8 Subcategory 4.8: Blast Furnaces
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.8: Blast Furnaces
Furnace Steel Produced NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
CO
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Tapping Steel
Produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Slag dams/waste
5.
Iron ore Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.9 Subcategory 4.9: Ferro-Alloy Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.9: Ferro-alloy Production
Furnace Alloy produced (depending on type and iron content)
NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Tapping
Alloy produced (depending on type and iron content)
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
7.10 Subcategory 4.10: Foundries
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.10: Foundries
Furnace
Alloy produced NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Blender Conveyer belts Transfer points Mill/Crusher Stock Piles
Alloy produced Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Tapping and casting
Alloy produced
(depending on
type and iron
content)
NAEIS EFs CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Provide evidence in the NAEIS
7.11 Subcategory 4.11: Agglomeration Operations
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.11: Agglomeration Operations
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Material
Handled
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.12 Subcategory 4.12: Pre-Reduction and Direct Reduction
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.12: Pre-Reduction and Direct Reduction
Furnace Iron ore CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
H2S
NOx
NMVOCs
CO
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Stock Piles
Iron ore Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.13 Subcategory 4.13: Lead Smelting
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.13: Lead Smelting
Furnace Lead Ore NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
CO
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Iron ore NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Lead
Tapping and casting Lead
Produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Lead
7.14 Subcategory 4.14: Production and Processing of Zinc, Nickel and Cadmium
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.14: Production and Processing of Zinc, Nickel and Cadmium
Furnace
Roaster
Mineral Ore NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
CO
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Mineral ore NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Lead
Tapping and casting Mineral
Produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Lead
7.15 Subcategory 4.15: Processing of Arsenic, Antimony, Beryllium, Chromium and Silicon
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.15: Processing of Arsenic, Antimony, Beryllium, Chromium and Silicon
Calciner
Furnace
Roasting
Mineral
Ore
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
CO
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Mineral ore NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Tapping and casting Mineral
Produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
7.16 Subcategory 4.16: Smelting and Converting of Sulphide Ores
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory
4.16: Smelting and Converting of Sulphide Ores
Calciner
Furnace
Roasting
Sulphide Ore NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Sulphide
Ore
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Tapping and casting Matte Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
7.17 Subcategory 4.17: Precious and Base Metal Production and Refining
7.17.1 Platinum Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.17: Precious and Base Metal Production and Refining
Calciner
Furnace
Roasting
PGM Produced NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Leaching vessels
Precipitators
PGM
Produced
NH3
HCl
Cl
HF
H2SO4
NMVOCs
Fugitive emissions from:
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
PGM
Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Provide evidence in the NAEIS
7.17.2 Gold Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.17: Precious and Base Metal Production and Refining
Furnace
Gold Produced NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Leaching vessels
Precipitators
Gold Produced Cyanide
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Fugitive emissions from:
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
PGM
Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.17.3 Titanium Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.17: Precious and Base Metal Production and Refining
Furnace
Titanium Produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Fugitive emissions from:
Leaching vessels
Precipitators
PGM
Produced
Cl
Fugitive emissions from:
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
PGM
Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.18 Subcategory 4.18: Vanadium Ore Processing
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.18: Vanadium Ore Processing
Kiln
Calciner
Magnetite concentrate Or Vanadium bearing slag
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Roaster Ammonium Vanadate
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Leaching vessels
Precipitators
Ammonium
Vanadate
NH3
(NH4)2SO4
Fugitive emissions from:
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Magnetite
concentrate
Or
Vanadium
bearing slag
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.19 Subcategory 4.19: Production and or Casting of Bronze, Brass and Copper
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.19: Production and or Casting of Bronze, Brass and Copper
Furnace
Amount of bronze, brass or copper produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Tapping and casting Amount of
bronze, brass or
copper produced
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
7.20 Subcategory 4.20: Slag Processes
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.20: Slag Processes
Furnace
Amount of Slag processed
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Tapping and casting Amount of
Slag
processed
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Provide evidence in the NAEIS
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Amount of
Slag
processed
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.21 Subcategory 4.21: Metal Recovery
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.21: Metal Recovery
Furnace
Amount of
scrap metal
processed
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Tapping and casting Amount of
scrap metal
processed
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Mill/Crusher
Slag Fumes
Stock Piles
Amount of
scrap metal
processed
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
7.22 Subcategory 4.22: Hot Dip Galvanizing
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.22: Hot Dip Galvanizing
Galvanising Amount of galvanised product
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
HCl
Metals
depending on
available
7.23 Subcategory 4.23: Metal Spray
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 4.23: Metal Spray
Spray Booth or
Coating Line
Amount of metal sprayed
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Metals depending
on spray
8 CATEGORY 5: MINERAL PROCESSING, STORAGE AND HANDLING
SUBCATEGORY
8.1 Storage and Handling of Ore and Coal
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.1: Storage and Handling
Fugitive emissions:
Blender,
Conveyer belts,
Transfer points,
Mill/Crusher
Stock piles
Ash dam
Coal and Ore
handled
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Spontaneous
combustion
Coal
combusted
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
H2S
NOx
NMVOCs
VOCs
8.2 Subcategory 5.2: Drying
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.2: Drying
Calciner
Drying Kiln
Drier
Type of fuel used in generating heat
Emissions estimated from facility using CEM Stack Monitoring results etc., Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Fuel handling (e.g., for coal include blender, conveyer belts, Transfer points, Mill/Crusher, stock piles, ash dam)
Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Fuel handling – liquid or gas include fuel storage units
6. Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCS
Benzene
8.3 Subcategory 5.3: Clamp Kilns for Brick Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.3: Brick Manufacturing
Kilns
Drying
Mass of
bricks
produced
NAEIS EFs Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
NMVOCs
H2S
NH3
Fugitive emissions:
Blender,
Screening
Conveyer belts,
Transfer points,
Mill/Crusher
Foaming
Coating/glazing
Stock piles
Ash dam
Coal and Ore
handled
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
8.4 Subcategory 5.5: Cement Production (using conventional fuels and/or resources)
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.4: Cement Production
Pre-Calciner
Kiln
Cement/Clinker produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Drier/Cooler Type of fuel used to generate heat
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NMVOCs
NOx
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Fugitive emissions from:
Storage/Stock
Piles
Crushers
Mixer/Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Clinker/Cement
Mill
Cement/Clinker
produced
Coal handled
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
8.5 Subcategory 5.5: Cement Production (using alternative fuels and/or resources)
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.4: Cement Production
Pre-Calciner
Kiln
Cement/Clinker produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Heavy metals
Mercury
NH3
HCl
HF
Cd +Tl
Dioxins and
Furans
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Drier/Cooler Type of fuel used to generate heat
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Storage/Stock
Piles
Crushers
Mixer/Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Clinker/Cement
Mill
Cement/Clinker
produced
Coal and Waste
handled
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
8.6 Subcategory 5.6: Lime Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.6: Lime Production
Calciner
Kiln
Lime produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
NMVOCs
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Drier/Cooler Type of fuel used to generate heat
NAEIS EF Or
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
CO
VOCs
NOx
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Fugitive emissions
from:
Storage/Stock
Piles
Crushers
Mixer/Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Clinker/Cement
Mill
Lime
produced
Coal handled
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
8.7 Subcategory 5.7: Lime Production (using alternative fuels and/or resources)
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.4: Lime Production (using alternative fuels and/or resources)
Calciner
Kiln
Lime produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
Heavy metals
Mercury
NH3
HCl
HF
Cd +Tl
Dioxins and
Furans
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Drier/Cooler Type of fuel used to generate heat
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Storage/Stock
Piles
Crushers
Mixer/Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Clinker/Cement
Mill
Lime
produced
Coal and
Waste
handled
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
8.8 Subcategory 5.8: Glass and Mineral Wool Production
8.8.1 Glass and Fibreglass Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.7: Glass Production
Furnace
Kiln
Glass produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
NMVOCs
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Drier/Cooler Type of fuel used to generate heat
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
VOCs
NOx
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Storage/Stock
Piles
Crushers
Mixer/Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Glass
produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Pelletizing and
briquetting
Glass etching
Foaming
8.8.2 Glass and Fibreglass Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.7: Glass and Mineral Wool
Furnace
Kiln
Mineral Wool produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
NMVOCs
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Drier/Cooler Type of fuel used to generate heat
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
VOCs
NOx
Metals depending
on available
NAEIS EFs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Provide evidence in the NAEIS
Fugitive emissions from:
Size reduction
crushers
Mixer/Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Curing
Mineral wool
produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
8.9 Subcategory 5.9: Ceramic Production
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.8: Ceramic Production
Furnace
Kiln
Mass of Ceramic produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions.
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
HF
CO
VOCs
NMVOCs
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Provide evidence in the NAEIS
Metals depending
on available NAEIS
EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Size reduction
crushers
Mixer/Blender
Curing and
glazing
Ceramics
produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
8.10 Subcategory 5.10: Macadam Preparation
Bitumen or tar
Storage
(aggregates)Batch Heating and Mixing
(of aggregates with Bitumen)
To transport for
application on
road surface
Gas
PM
PM
PM
CO2,
SO2,
NOx,
CO2,
SO2,
NOx,
Kiln
Direct (on site)
Application
CO,
SO2,
NOx,
PM
Scrubber
ID Fan
Flue
Stack
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.10: Macadam Preparation
Kiln
Asphalt produced
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
NMVOCs
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Heater Type of fuel used to generate heat
NAEIS EF Or CEM Stack Monitoring Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
VOCs
NOx
Metals
depending on
available NAEIS
EFs
Fugitive emissions from:
Cement/Clinker
produced
NAEIS EFs or
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Storage tanks
Piles
Stock piles
Crushers
Mixer/Blender
Conveyer belts
Transfer points
Coal handled Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
VOCs
8.11 Subcategory 5.11: Alkali Processes
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 5.11: Alkali Production
Reactor Alkali
Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HCl
Leaching Ore treated NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HCl
PM10
PM2.5
8.12 Category 6: Organic Chemicals Industry
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 6: Organic Chemical Industry
Reactor Organic Material Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
SO3
Acrylonitrile
(CH2CHCN)
Methylamines
(CH5N)
VOCs
NMVOCs
Storage Tanks Material
Stored
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies e.g., Tanks Model, to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCs
Benzene
9 CATEGORY 7: INORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY
9.1 Subcategory 7.1: Production and or Use in Manufacturing of Ammonia, Fluorine, Fluorine Compounds, Chlorine, and Hydrogen Cyanide
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 7.1: Production and or Use in Manufacturing of Ammonia, Fluorine, Fluorine Compounds, Chlorine, and Hydrogen Cyanide
Reactor (for production of inorganic material)
Inorganic Material Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
Cl
NH3
HCN
Reactor (for use of inorganic material)
Inorganic Material Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
Cl
NH3
HCN
9.2 Subcategory 7.2: Production of Acids
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 7.2: Production of Acids
Reactor (for production of acids)
Inorganic Material Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
SO3
HCl
H2SO4
NOx (both NO2
and NO
Reactor (for use of acids)
Inorganic Material Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
SO3
HCl
SO2
H2SO
NOx
Storage Tanks Inorganic Material Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
SO3
HCl
H2SO4
9.3 Subcategory 7.3: Production of Chemical Fertilizer
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 7.3: Production of Chemical Fertilizer
Reactor
Amount and Type of Fertiliser Produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
NH3
Drier Type of fuel used to provide heat
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
NH3
PM10
PM2.5
CO
SO2
NOx
Storage Silos Amount and Type of Fertiliser stored
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
HF
NH3
PM10
PM2.5
9.4 Subcategory 7.4: Production, Use in Production or Recovery of Antimony, Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Lead, Mercury, and or Selenium, by the Application of Heat.
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 7.4: Production, Use in Production or Recovery of Antimony, Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Lead, Mercury, and or Selenium, by the Application of Heat.
Furnace
Kiln
Amount and Type of metal produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals
Heater Type of fuel used to provide heat
NAEIS EFs or
PM10
PM2.5
CO
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
SO2
NOx
Storage Silos Amount and Type of Metals stored
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Metals
9.5 Subcategory 7.5: Production of Calcium Carbide
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 7.5: Production of Calcium Carbide.
Furnace
Amount and calcium carbide produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Heater/Drier Type of fuel used to provide heat
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
CO
SO2
NOx
Crushing Tapping Storage Silos
Amount and calcium carbide produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
9.6 Subcategory 7.6: Production or Use of Phosphorus and Phosphate Salts not mentioned elsewhere
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 7.6: Production or Use of Phosphorus and Phosphate Salts not mentioned elsewhere
Furnace
Amount of phosphorus/phosphorus salts produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
Heater/Drier Type of fuel used to provide heat
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
CO
SO2
NOx
Crushing Tapping Storage Silos
Amount of phosphorus/phosphorus salts produced
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
9.7 Subcategory 7.7: Production of Caustic Soda
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 7.7: Production of Caustic Soda
Electrolysis
Cell
Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda produced)
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Cl2
Fugitive emissions from material handling
Salts NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
10 CATEGORY 8: THERMAL TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND GENERAL WASTE
10.1 Subcategory 8.1: Thermal Treatment of General and Hazardous Waste
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 8.1: Thermal Treatment of General and Hazardous Waste
Incinerator
Amount of waste treated NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
H2S
NH3
HCl
HF
VOCs
NMVOCs
Dioxins and
furans
Mercury
Heavy metals
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Fugitive emissions from material handling: Crushing Shredding Mixing Waste stock Piles
Amount of waste handled
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
H2S
10.2 Subcategory 8.2: Crematoria and Veterinary Waste Incineration
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 8.2: Crematoria and Veterinary Waste Incineration
Incinerator
(crematoria)
Number of persons NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
Mercury
Incinerator
(veterinary
waste)
Amount of waste cremated
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
10.3 Subcategory 8.3: Burning Grounds
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 8.3: Burning Grounds
Burning
grounds
Amount of material burnt
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
H2S
VOCs
NMVOCs
Dioxins and
furans
10.4 Subcategory 8.4: Drum Recycling Processes
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 8.4: Drum Recycling Processes
Kiln
Drum
Cleaning
Amount of material burnt
NAEIS EFs or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
H2S
NH3
HF
HCl
VOCs
NMVOCs
Dioxins and
furans
Heavy metals
Mercury
11 CATEGORY 9: PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING
BY-PRODUCTS RECOVERY
11.1 Subcategory 9.1: Lime Recovery Kiln
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 9.1: Lime Recovery Kiln
Kiln AIR DRIED UNBLEACHED PULP (Lime slug)
NAEIS EF Or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
H2S
NH3
VOCs
NMVOC
11.2 Subcategory 9.2: Alkali Recovery Furnaces
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 9.2: Alkali Recovery Furnaces
Furnace AIR DRIED UNBLEACHED PULP (Black liquor)
NAEIS EF Or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
H2S
NH3
VOCs
NMVOC
11.3 Subcategory 9.3: Chemical Recovery Copeland Reactors
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 9.3: Copeland Recovery Furnaces
Furnace AIR DRIED UNBLEACHED PULP (Black liquor)
Or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
H2S
NH3
VOCs
NMVOC
11.4 Subcategory 9.4: Chlorine Dioxide Plants
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 9.4: Chlorine Dioxide Plants
Bleacher/Reactor Pulp Or Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
Cl2
HCl
ClO2
11.5 Subcategory 9.5: Wood Burning, Drying and the Production of Manufactured Wood Products
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Subcategory 9.5: Wood Burning, Drying and the Production of
Calciner
Drying Kiln
Drier
Type of fuel used in generating heat
Emissions estimated from facility using CEM Stack Monitoring results etc.,
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
NOx
H2S
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units Material Throughout
Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Manufactured Wood Products
Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NH3
CO
NMVOCs
VOCs
Material handling (e.g., for wood include blender, conveyer belts, Transfer points, Mill/Crusher, stock piles)
Amount of wood
inventory
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
Fuel handling – liquid or gas include fuel storage units
7. Type of fuel used in
generating heat
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
NMVOCS
Benzene
12 CATEGORY 10: ANIMAL MATTER PROCESSING
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
Animal Matter Processing
Digesters
Driers
Cookers
Amount of animal matter processed
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
PM10
PM2.5
SO2
CO
NOx
H2S
VOCs
NMVOCs
Heat Sources
refer to the
Amount and type of fuel burnt
NAEIS EFs or
PM10
PM2.5
Subcategory NAEIS Emission Units
Material Throughout Emission Inventory Estimation Methodology
Pollutants to be Reported to NAEIS
appropriate
section on
combustion
source (either
Category 1 or
Section 23)
Use external methodologies to estimate emissions. Provide evidence in the NAEIS
SO2
CO
NOx
13 MINE AND QUARRIES REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
The purpose of the section is to present the methodologies to be used in NAEIS in order to estimate emissions from the mining sector. It covers current emission estimation methodologies used internationally and how they can be applied on the NAEIS. The mining and quarrying sector reporting requirements are also outlined in the document.
13.1 Emission Sources in the Mining Sector
13.2 Open Cast Mining
Figure 1: Open Cast Mining Operations
It has been observed that open cast mining involves the following general processes:
Removal of vegetable layer (top soil)
Removal of overburden
Removal of the useful geological material
Each of these mining operations is considered an emission source, depending on the activities done to achieve the above mentioned processes. (Heurtas et al. 2012) The main activities that could lead to air emissions are listed below. Activities include: Drilling/Blasting
Loading and Unloading of Material Transportation of Material Bulldozing
Storage -Wind erosion from exposed areas and stockpiles
13.3 Underground Mining
The main activities carried out at underground coal mines that could lead to air emissions are as follows:
Earthmoving
Shaft/drift access and ventilation development
Underground drilling and blasting emissions where exhausted from the mine through
ventilation shafts
Extracting, transporting, and dumping coal
Breaking and sizing of material
Washery, workshop, and power plant operations
Transporting and placing washery rejects
Storage- wind erosion from exposed areas and stockpiles
13.4 Quarries
A "quarry" means an excavation that is open to the air and that is operated for the purpose of working, recovering and extracting stone, limestone, sandstone, dolostone, marble, granite, construction materials and any mineral other than coal, a coal bearing substance, oil sands, or oils sands-bearing substance or an ammonite shell and includes any associated infrastructure but does not include a pit. Any operations and processes are common to pits and quarries. The processing of solid rock, sand and gravel of variable nature requires similar equipment and sometimes identical operations. The processing in general requires at first the removal of material covering the deposit (overburden). This removal may involve power shovels, loading trucks, bulldozers, drag lines and dredged pumps. When the source of crushed stone is solid rock, drilling and blasting may be required to loosen the solid rock. Further operations taking place may include material size reduction (crushing), separation of the raw material into size classes (screening and sometimes washing).
13.5 Pollutants of concern in the sector
The main emissions to air from mining operations consist of wind-borne dust consisting of total suspended particulates, particulate matter (PM10) particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10µm, metals and possibly the products of combustion from blasting spontaneous combustion, vehicle usage, materials handling and, exhaust from mining equipment.
13.6 Controls will include: Watering of haul roads, benches, stockpiles: the quarry operators must be aware when hot, dry and windy conditions are likely to occur and they must take appropriate action in deploying water sprays before such conditions arise so as to prevent dust emissions. Surfactants usage allow the water to spread more effectively though being sometimes considered as environmental non-friendly
Limiting dust through technology (crusher enclosure, wet drilling, automatic sprinklers at strategic points, etc.)
Understanding the prevailing wind direction by season and plan operations accordingly. Locate stockpile function of dominant wind in the area
Implementing speed restrictions within the site based on ground moisture level
Sealing roads. US-EPA has found that dust generated from unpaved haul roads accounts for over 75% of the industry total dust emissions. Cement, bitumen or polymers can be used to reduce or suppress dust
13.7 Emission Estimation Methodologies
In general, there are five emission estimation techniques that may be used to estimate emissions from emission sources.
Sampling or direct measurement
Mass balance
Engineering calculations or Fuel analysis
Emission factors
Direct measurement cannot be applied in the mining and quarrying sector as the emissions are fugitive in nature; this is also the case for mass balance and engineering calculations.
The only method can be applied in estimating emissions in the mining and quarrying sector is emission factors, the US-EPA has done extensive work on emission factors in the mining sector. These emission factors are included in the appendix A. More detailed information on these emission factors can be found on the Compilation of emission factors database (Chapter 11.9), commonly referred to as AP-42.
There are two approaches that can be used in estimating emissions using emission factors, these are:
Tier 1 Default Approach
Tier 2 Technology/ Activity Specific Approach
13.8 Tier 1 default approach (NAEIS Approach)
The Tier 1 emission factors assume an averaged or typical technology and abatement implementation in the country and integrate all sub-processes. The emissions estimated are a function of the production capacity of the mine only as represented by equation 1.
tpolluproductiontpollu EFARE tantan Equation 1
Where: E pollutant = The emission of the specified pollutant AR production = The activity rate for the quarrying/mining EF pollutant = The emission factor for this pollutant Currently there is no study that has been conducted in South Africa on emission factors for the mining sector. The US-EPA initiated a study on emission factors in the mining sector which consisted of 7 mines. It was found that on average a mine company generates 0.726 kg of TSP and 0.180 kg of PM
10 (respectively) per Mg of coal
produced (Heurtas et al, 2012). These emission factors presented on the Table 1 can be applied to open cast coal mining facilities.
Table 1: Tier 1 Default Emission Factors for Coal Mining Facilities
Pollutant Value Unit Reference
TSP 0.726 kg/Tonne of coal produced Heurtas et al. (2012)
PM10 0.180 kg/Tonne of coal produced Heurtas et al. (2012)
Table 1: Table 2 presents emission factors for quarrying and mining of minerals OTHER than coal.
Table 2: Tier 1 Default Emission Factors for Quarrying and Mining of Minerals
Pollutant With Dust Suppression
Without Dust Suppression
Unit 95% Confidence Interval
Reference
TSP 51 102 g/Tonne mineral
0.005 1 Visschedijk et al. (2004)
PM10 25 50 g/Tonne mineral
0.005 0.25 Visschedijk et al. (2004)
PM2.5 3.8 5.0 g/Tonne mineral
0.00075 0.025 Visschedijk et al. (2004)j
Description and Applicability
of SCC Codes:
SA300100101 refers to emissions from all activities within an open cast mining facility of COAL (including drilling/blasting, loading and unloading of material, transportation of material, bulldozing and storage of stockpiles). SA300100201 refers to emissions from all activities within an open cast mining/quarrying facility of MINERALS (including drilling/blasting,
loading and unloading of material, transportation of material, bulldozing and storage of stockpiles).
SA300100102 refers to emissions from all spontaneous combustion of coal (from exposed coal faces as well as stockpiles).
SA300200301 refers to emissions from all activities within an underground mining/quarrying facility of MINERALS (including loading and
unloading of material, transportation of material, storage of stockpiles).
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 (Total Production) Section 21 Code SCC Code
Mines and Quarries Open Cast Mining Open Cast Coal Mining All Coal Mining Activities SA300100101
Create a new SCC code
based on Table 1 above.
Mines and Quarries Open Cast Mining
Open Cast Coal Mining –
Spontaneous Comb Spontaneous Combustion SA300100102 NONE
Mines and Quarries Open Cast Mining Open Cast Quarrying and Mining of Minerals
All Quarrying and Mining
Activities SA300100201
Create a new SCC code
based on Table 2 above.
Mines and Quarries Underground Mining
Underground Mining - Material
Storage and Handling Material Storage and Handling SA300200301 NONE
13.9 Examples: Question: How much TSP and PM10 are generated from an open cast coal mine with an annual turn-over of 2 million tonnes of coal? Answer: Based on NAEIS approach, the emissions produced will be TSP = 0.726 * 2 000,000 = 1,452 Tonnes PM10 = 0.180 * 2 000,000 = 360 Tonnes In NAEIS this facility will be required to report the total annual turnover of 2000,000 and the system will then calculate the TSP and PM10 emissions based on the emission factors given in Table 1. These emissions will include all the facility emissions from Section 2.1. Question 2: How much TSP and PM10 are generated from an open cast base metal mine with an annual turn-over of 200,000 tonnes of base metal? (Assuming the mine has limited dust suppression interventions) Answer: Based on NAEIS approach, the emissions produced will be TSP = 102 * 200,000 = 20.4 Tonnes PM10 = 50* 200,000 = 10,000 Tonnes PM2.5 = 5 * 200,000 = 760 Tonnes In NAEIS this facility will be required to report the total annual turnover of base metal of 200,000 and the system will then calculate the TSP and PM10 emissions based on the emission factors given in Table 2 (with limited dust suppression program). Question 3: How much TSP and PM10 are generated from an open cast base metal mine with an annual turn-over of 200,000 tonnes of base metal? (Assuming the mine has comprehensive dust suppression interventions) Answer: Based on NAEIS approach, the emissions produced will be TSP = 51 * 200,000 = 10.2 Tonnes PM10 = 25* 200,000 = 5 Tonnes PM2.5 = 3.8 * 200,000 = 0.76 Tonnes In NAEIS this facility will be required to report the total annual turnover of base metal of 200,000 and the system will then calculate the TSP and PM10 emissions based on the emission factors given in Table 2 (with effective dust suppression program).
14 SECTION 23 REPORTING
The purpose of the document is to determine an emission estimation methodology for small boilers declared under Section 23 of the Air Quality Act. It covers current emission estimation methodologies used internationally and how they can be applied on the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory System (NAEIS).
14.1 Pollutants of concern from small boilers Small combustion installations generally have low combustion efficiency, have little or no control of exhaust gases as a result their emissions are significant. In some countries, especially those with transitioning economies plants may be outdated, polluting and in (EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook 2009). In general, the nature of the pollutants formed during all kinds of combustion processes is the same, although the amount emitted of each of them may differ depending on the type of fuel, the combustion temperature, the
combustor conditions. (Small combustion installations: Techniques, emissions and measures for emission reduction, Krystyna Kubica, Bostjan Paradiz, Panagiota Dilara). Due to the particularly low height of the stacks used in such installations (usually not exceeding 10 m), result in more emissions at ground level and thus has more impact on human health. For the combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels, the applied technologies are similar to those used for production of thermal energy in industrial combustion activities, with the exception of simple design of smaller appliances. On the contrary the technologies for solid fuels and and biomass utilization vary widely due to different fuel properties and technical possibilities. Liquid Fuel Combustion Installations Boiler usage by sector (Fuel Oil Combustion). This is Based on a literature review on the study done the US-EPA on Fuel Combustion Emissions.
Sector Capacity (MW) Boiler Type Application
Utility >29 Watertube Electricity Generation
Industrial 0.29-73 Watertube Electricity Generation
Process Steam
Space Heat
Firetube Process Steam
Space Heat
Commercial/ Institutional
0.1-2.9 Watertube Space Heat
Firetube Space Heat
Cast Iron Space Heat
Utility - Electricity generation sector Industrial - Manufacturing Facilities that require steam and or hot water. Commercial - Hotels, laundries or restaurants Institutional - Facilities like hospitals and schools
Please note that the boiler size ranges listed here are not the same as in in the control emitter’s regulations. Small boilers are defined as any boiler with a design capacity equal to 10MW but less than 50 MW net heat input per unit, based on lower calorific value used. Solid Fuel Combustion Installations Fixed and moving bed combustion technology is commonly used for combustion of solid fuels in the capacity of between 50kW and 50MW. Installations are differentiated into two main subgroups:
Manually fuelled
Automatically fuelled
Manual usually have a nominal capacity up to 1MW due to technical and economical reasons.
14.2 Emission Estimation Methodologies
In general, there are five emission estimation techniques that may be used to estimate emissions from emission sources.
Sampling or direct measurement
Mass balance
Engineering calculations or Fuel analysis
Emission factors
There are two approaches that can be used in estimating emissions using emission factors, these are:
Tier 1 Default Approach
Tier 2 Technology/ Activity Specific Approach
14.3 Tier 1 Emission Factor default approach
The Tier 1 emission factors assume an averaged or typical technology and abatement implementation in the country and integrate all sub-processes. The emissions estimated are a function of the production capacity of the mine only as represented by equation 1.
tpolluptionfuelconsumtpollu EFARE tantan Equation 1
Where: E pollutant = The emission of the specified pollutant AR fuelproduction = The activity rate defined as fuel consumption at national/regional level EF pollutant = The emission factor for this pollutant This equation is applied at the national or regional level using annual fuel consumption for small combustion installations in various activities.
14.3.1 Tier 1 NSC and Emission Factors
The Tier 1 the thermal emission factors were sourced from the European Commission EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2009 and converted to mass based emission factors. Emission factors are reported in several ways and these are generally recalculated using physical or other properties of the fuel. For example, a mass emission factor can be derived by multiplying the thermal emission factor calculated above by the net calorific value of the fuel.
NCVEFEF Thermal
EFThermal = the thermal emission factor expressed in units to suit the user (for example g GJ-1)
CV = is the net calorific value of the fuel in appropriate units to suit the units of the emission factor.
The mass based emission factors for the tier 1 default method for different fuels types are provided in the appendix, Annexure A- E. SCC Codes for the tier 1 default approach are described as below.
Main Category Subcategory Fuel Type NSC Comments
Section 23- SmallBoilers Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler Antracite Coal 90800101 Emission Factor Provided
Section 23- SmallBoilers Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler Bituminous 90800102 Emission Factor Provided
Section 23- SmallBoilers Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler Lignite 90800103 Emission Factor Provided
Section 23- SmallBoilers Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler Other Specify 90800104 No emission Factor
Section 23- SmallBoilers Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler Residual Oil 90800201 Emission Factor Provided
Section 23- SmallBoilers Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler Diesel Oil 90800202 Emission Factor Provided
Section 23- SmallBoilers Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler Other Specify 90800203 No emission Factor
Section 23- SmallBoilers Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler Natural Gas 90800301 Emission Factor Provided
Section 23- SmallBoilers Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler LPG 90800302 Emission Factor Provided
Section 23- SmallBoilers Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler Process Gas 90800303 No emission Factor
Section 23- SmallBoilers Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler Other Specify 90800304 No emission Factor
Section 23- SmallBoilers Solid Biomass Fuel Fired Small Boiler Biomass 90800401 Emission Factor Provided
14.4 Tier 2 Technology/Activity- Specific Approach
The Tier 2 approach is similar to the Tier 1 approach, using activity data and emission factors to estimate the emissions. The main difference is that the detailed methodology requires more fuel and technology specific information. The basic information required to determine the annual emissions for an industrial boiler, three items must be known:
The pollutant emission factor for the boiler .
The maximum rated input for the boiler.
The maximum allowable hours of operation for the boiler.
Fuel Consumption for the specific boiler
Once the information above is obtained, the following equation can be used to determine annual emissions.
jikjii EFARE ,,, Equation 2
Where: Ei = default emission factor of pollutant i for source type j and fuel k, ARijk = annual consumption of fuel k in source type j. EFi,j = default emission factor of pollutant i for source type j and fuel
14.4.1 Tier 2 -Technology/Activity- NSC and Emission Factors
8.
The NAEIS Source Codes (NSC) for small boiler were developed as below to be included in the NAEIS.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 NAEIS Source Code
SCC Code
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Medium size (> 1MW to <=50MW) Boilers
Anthracite Coal SA400100101 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (Emission Factors for the coal type provided on the spreasheet)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Medium size (> 1MW to <=50MW) Boilers Lignite
SA400100102 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (Emission Factors for the coal type provided on the spreasheet)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Medium size (> 1MW to <=50MW) Boilers Bituminous
SA400100103 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (Emission Factors for the coal type provided on the spreasheet)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Medium size (> 1MW to <=50MW) Boilers Sub-bituminous
SA400100104 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (Emission Factors for the coal type provided on the spreasheet)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Solid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Medium size (> 1MW to <=50MW) Boilers Other (Specify)
SA400100105 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (<= 3 MW)
Residual Oil SA400200101 10300403
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (<= 3 MW)
Distillate Oil - Grades 1&2
SA400200102 10200503
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (<= 3 MW)
Other (Specify) SA400200103
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 3 MW to <= 30MW)
Residual Oil -Grade 6 Oil
SA400200201 10300402
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 3 MW to <= 30MW)
Residual Oil -Grade 5 Oil
SA400200202 10300404
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 3 MW to <= 30MW)
Distillate Oil - Grades 1&2
SA400200203 10200502
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 3 MW to <= 30MW)
Other (Specify) SA400200204 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Distillate Oil - Grades 1&2
SA400200301 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Residual Oil - Grade 6 : Normal Firing
SA400200302 10100401
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Residual Oil - Grade 6 : Tangential Firing
SA400200303 10100404
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Residual Oil - Grade 5 : Normal Firing
SA400200304 10100405
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Residual Oil - Grade 5 : Tangential Firing
SA400200305 10100406
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Distillate Oil - Grades 1&2
SA400200306 10100501
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Distillate Oil - Grade 4: Normal Firing
SA400200307 10100504
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Distillate Oil - Grade 4: Tangential Firing
SA400200308 10100505
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Liquid Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW)
Other (Specify) SA400200309
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (<= 3 MW) Natural Gas
SA400300101 10200603
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (<= 3 MW) Process Gas
SA400300102 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (<= 3 MW) Landfill Gas
SA400300103 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 3 MW to <= 30MW) Natural Gas
SA400300201 10200602
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 3 MW to <= 30MW) Process Gas
SA400300202 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 3 MW to <= 30MW) Landfill Gas
SA400300203 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW) Natural Gas
SA400300301 10200601
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW) Landfill Gas
SA400300302 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Gaseous Fuel Fired Small Boiler
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Boilers (> 30 MW to <=50MW) Process Gas
SA400300303
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Solid Biomass Fuel Fired Boiler
Medium size (> 1MWth to <=50MWth) boilers Bagasse
SA400400101 10101101
Section 23 - Small Boilers < 50 MW
Solid Biomass Fuel Fired Boiler
Medium size (> 1MWth to <=50MWth) boilers Other (Specify)
SA400400102 create new scc code linked to provided emission factors (NO EF provided)
Tier 2 emission factors for small boilers were sourced from the European Commission EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2009 and the US-EPA.
14.5 Uncertainties in Methodologies The emission inventories from small combustion installation are still evaluated with large uncertainty. These uncertainties of emission data result from the uncertainties related to both the emission factors and the statistical information on the activities covered by small combustion installations.
14.6 Conclusion The tier 1 approach can be applied on the Authority portal of the NAEIS. This will allow the authority to compile small boiler emissions per district and consolidate the annual reports in contemplated regulation 11, of the declaration of a small boiler as a controlled emitter and establishment of emission standards regulations. The tier 1 approach means that all the small boilers within each district will be reported as an area source. The information that the authority will need to collect is the annual fuel consumption for the entire small boilers in the district by fuel type. This information on fuel consumption can be extracted from the annual reports as this field is included in the annual report template in the regulations. Establishments with conducting only section 23 activities will not be required to report directly on the NAEIS, but to their “relevant authority”. According to the NAEIS Reporting Regulations, Any person that undertakes a listed activity in terms of section 21(1) of the Act and uses an appliance or conducts an activity which has been declared a controlled emitter in terms of section 23(1) of the Act is required to the NAEIS. This means that facilities conducting section21 activities and also conducting a section 23 in the same site will be required to report directly into the NAEIS. The tier 2 approach will be applied for these facilities. The approach of reporting of section 23 small boilers proposed above has the potential to cause double counting of emissions by authorities, care must be taken that section 23 activities that are reported directly on the NAEIS by facilities must be excluded in the tier 1 annual emissions calculations.
14.7 References
1. European Commission EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2009
2. Small combustion installations, Techniques, emissions and measures for emission reduction,
Krystyna Kubica, Bostjan Paradiz, Panagiota Dilara.
14.8 APPENDIX
14.8.1 Annexure A: Tier 1 Biomass Emission Factors The emission factors below were derived from thermal emission factors provided in the European Commission Emission Guidance book and converted to a mass based emission factors of kg/ton from g/GJ using the average calorific value of biomass of 17.1 GJ/t.
Confidence Level
Pollutant Value Unit Lower Upper Reference
NOx 2.5650 kg/ton 1.539 5.13 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
CO 27.3600 kg/ton 3.42 76.95 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
NMVOC 2.4966 kg/ton 0.171 7.695 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
SOx 0.6566 kg/ton 0.342 0.855 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
TSP 2.6676 kg/ton 1.026 4.275 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM10 2.5650 kg/ton 0.855 4.104 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM2.5 2.5479 kg/ton 0.855 4.104 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Pb 0.0004 kg/ton 0.0000855 0.000513 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cd 0.0000 kg/ton 0.00000171 0.0000513 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Hg 0.0000 kg/ton 0.00000684 2.565E-05 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
As 0.0000 kg/ton 0.000004275 0.0000342 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cr 0.0001 kg/ton 0.0000171 0.000171 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cu 0.0001 kg/ton 0.0000171 0.0000855 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Ni 0.0000 kg/ton 0.00000171 0.00513 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Se 0.0000 kg/ton 0.00000171 0.0000342 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Zn 0.0019 kg/ton 0.0000171 0.002565 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PCB 0.0000 kg/ton 2.052E-07 5.13E-06 Kakareka al- 2004
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0008 kg/ton 0.000171 0.00171 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.0011 kg/ton 0.000171 0.002052 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.0004 kg/ton 0.0000855 0.000684 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.0004 kg/ton 0.0000342 0.001026 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Table 3: Tier 1 Biomass Emission Factors
Note: The Net Calorific Value for biomass is a function of the moisture content, the value used for the emission factors above is an average for different types of biomass fuels, with different moisture content.
14.8.2 Annexure A1: Biomass Net Calorific Values
Fuel type & source Metricb
Higher Heating Value Lower Heating Value kJ/kg MJ/kg kJ/kg MJ/kg
Agricultural Residues Corn stalks/stover (1,2,6) 17,636 - 18,519 17.6 - 18.5 16,849 - 17,690 16.8 - 18.1 Sugarcane bagasse (1,2,6) 17,317 - 19,407 17.3 - 19.4 17,713 - 17,860 17.7 - 17.9 Wheat straw (1,2,6) 16,188 - 18,940 16.1 - 18.9 15,082 - 17,659 15.1 - 17.7 Hulls, shells, prunings (2,3) 15,831 - 20,543 15.8 - 20.5 Fruit pits (2-3) Herbaceous Crops Miscanthus (6) 18,100 - 19,580 18.1 - 19.6 17,818 - 18,097 17.8 - 18.1 switchgrass (1,3,6) 18,024 - 19,137 18.0 - 19.1 16,767 - 17,294 16.8 - 18.6 Other grasses (6) 18,185 - 18,570 18.2 - 18.6 16,909 - 17,348 16.9 - 17.3 Bamboo (6) 19,000 - 19,750 19.0 - 19.8 Woody Crops Black locust (1,6) 19,546 - 19,948 19.5 - 19.9 18 464 18.5 Eucalyptus (1,2,6) 19,000 - 19,599 19.0 - 19.6 17 963 18.0 Hybrid poplar (1,3,6) 19,022 - 19,737 19.0 - 19.7 17 700 17.7 Willow (2,3,6) 18,556 - 19,750 18.6 - 19.7 16,734 - 18,419 16.7 - 18.4 Forest Residues Hardwood wood (2,6) 18,635 - 20,734 18.6 - 20.7 Softwood wood (1,2,3,4,5,6) 18,595 - 21,119 18.6 - 21.1 17,514 - 20,768 17.5 - 20.8 Urban Residues MSW (2,6) 13,119 - 19,855 13.1 - 19.9 11,990 - 18,561 12.0 - 18.6 RDF (2,6) 15,535 - 19,904 15.5 - 19.9 14,274 - 18,609 14.3 - 18.6 Newspaper (2,6) 19,704 - 22,199 19.7 - 22.2 18,389 - 20,702 18.4 - 20.7 Corrugated paper (2,6) 17,265 - 18,453 17.3 - 18.5 17 012 Waxed cartons (2) 27,258 - 27,280 27.3 25 261
Sources:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/feedstock_databases.html
Jenkins, B., Properties of Biomass, Appendix to Biomass Energy Fundamentals, EPRI Report TR-102107,
January, 1993.
Jenkins, B., Baxter, L., Miles, T. Jr., and Miles, T., Combustion Properties of Biomass, Fuel Processing
Technology 54, pg. 17-46, 1998.
Tillman, David, Wood as an Energy Resource, Academic Press, New York, 1978
Bushnell, D., Biomass Fuel Characterization: Testing and Evaluating the Combustion Characteristics of
Selected Biomass Fuels, BPA report, 1989
http://www.ecn.nl/phyllis - Original references are provided in the Phyllis database for biomass and waste
of the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands.
14.8.3 Annexure B: Tier 1 anthracite Coal Emission Factors The emission factors below were derived from thermal emission factors provided in the European Commission Emission Guidance book and converted to a mass based emission factors of kg/ton from g/GJ using the average calorific value of biomass of 30.1 GJ/t.
Confidence Level
Pollutant Value Unit Lower Upper Reference
NOx 5.2073 kg/ton 4.515 6.02 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
CO 28.0231 kg/ton 4.515 60.2 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
NMVOC 2.67288 kg/ton 0.301 9.03 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
SOx 27.09 kg/ton 13.545 30.1 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
TSP 3.7324 kg/ton 2.107 7.525 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM10 3.5217 kg/ton 1.806 7.224 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM2.5 3.2508 kg/ton 1.806 6.622 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Pb 0.0040334 kg/ton 0.001505 0.00903 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cd 0.00005418 kg/ton 0.00000602 0.0001505 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Hg 0.00023779 kg/ton 0.0001505 0.000301 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
As 0.0001204 kg/ton 0.00000602 0.0002408 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cr 0.00040635 kg/ton 0.00001505 0.000602 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cu 0.00052675 kg/ton 0.0001505 0.001505 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Ni 0.0003913 kg/ton 0.00001505 0.000903 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Se 0.00005418 kg/ton 0.00000602 0.0000903 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Zn 0.00602 kg/ton 0.001505 0.01505 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.00136955 kg/ton 0.000301 0.004515 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.00177289 kg/ton 0.000301 0.005418 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.00071337 kg/ton 0.0002408 0.00301 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.00055685 kg/ton 0.0001505 0.002408 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
14.8.4 Annexure C: Tier 1 Lignite Coal Emission Factors The emission factors below were derived from thermal emission factors provided in the European Commission Emission Guidance book and converted to a mass based emission factors of kg/ton from g/GJ using the average calorific value of biomass of 11.9 GJ/t. NAEIS SOURCE CODE:
Confidence Level
Pollutant Value Unit Lower Upper Reference
NOx 2.0587 kg/ton 1.785 2.38 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
CO 11.0789 kg/ton 1.785 23.8 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
NMVOC 1.05672 kg/ton 0.119 3.57 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
SOx 10.71 kg/ton 5.355 11.9 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
TSP 1.4756 kg/ton 0.833 2.975 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM10 1.3923 kg/ton 0.714 2.856 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM2.5 1.2852 kg/ton 0.714 2.618 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Pb 0.0015946 kg/ton 0.000595 0.00357 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cd 0.00002142 kg/ton 0.00000238 0.0000595 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Hg 0.00009401 kg/ton 0.0000595 0.000119 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
As 0.0000476 kg/ton 0.00000238 0.0000952 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cr 0.00016065 kg/ton 0.00000595 0.000238 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cu 0.00020825 kg/ton 0.0000595 0.000595 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Ni 0.0001547 kg/ton 0.00000595 0.000357 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Se 0.00002142 kg/ton 0.00000238 0.0000357 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Zn 0.00238 kg/ton 0.000595 0.00595 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.00054145 kg/ton 0.000119 0.001785 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.00070091 kg/ton 0.000119 0.002142 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.00028203 kg/ton 0.0000952 0.00119 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.00022015 kg/ton 0.0000595 0.000952 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
14.8.5 Annexure D: Tier 1 Bituminous Coal Emission Factors The emission factors below were derived from thermal emission factors provided in the European Commission Emission Guidance book and converted to a mass based emission factors of kg/ton from g/GJ using the average calorific value of biomass of 26.7 GJ/t.
Confidence Level
Pollutant Value Unit Lower Upper Reference
NOx 4.6191 kg/ton 4.005 5.34 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
CO 24.8577 kg/ton 4.005 53.4 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
NMVOC 2.37096 kg/ton 0.267 8.01 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
SOx 24.03 kg/ton 12.015 26.7 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
TSP 3.3108 kg/ton 1.869 6.675 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM10 3.1239 kg/ton 1.602 6.408 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM2.5 2.8836 kg/ton 1.602 5.874 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Pb 0.0035778 kg/ton 0.001335 0.00801 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cd 0.00004806 kg/ton 0.00000534 0.0001335 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Hg 0.00021093 kg/ton 0.0001335 0.000267 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
As 0.0001068 kg/ton 0.00000534 0.0002136 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cr 0.00036045 kg/ton 0.00001335 0.000534 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cu 0.00046725 kg/ton 0.0001335 0.001335 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Ni 0.0003471 kg/ton 0.00001335 0.000801 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Se 0.00004806 kg/ton 0.00000534 0.0000801 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Zn 0.00534 kg/ton 0.001335 0.01335 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.00121485 kg/ton 0.000267 0.004005 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.00157263 kg/ton 0.000267 0.004806 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.00063279 kg/ton 0.0002136 0.00267 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.00049395 kg/ton 0.0001335 0.002136 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
14.8.6 Annexure E: Tier 1 Residual Oil Emission Factors The emission factors below were derived from thermal emission factors provided in the European Commission Emission Guidance book and converted to a mass based emission factors of kg/ton from g/GJ using the average calorific value of biomass of 40.1 GJ/t.
Confidence Level
Pollutant Value Unit Lower Upper Reference
NOx 4.04 kg/ton 2.02 6.06 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
CO 1.616 kg/ton 0.808 2.424 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
NMVOC 0.404 kg/ton 0.202 0.606 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
SOx 5.656 kg/ton 0.808 20.2 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
TSP 1.111 kg/ton 0.202 2.02 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM10 0.8686 kg/ton 0.1212 1.616 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM2.5 0.6666 kg/ton 0.1212 1.212 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Pb 0.0006464 kg/ton 0.000404 0.000808 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cd 0.00001212 kg/ton 0.00000606 0.00001818 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Hg 0.00000404 kg/ton 0.00000202 0.00000606 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
As 0.0000404 kg/ton 0.0000202 0.0000606 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cr 0.00051712 kg/ton 0.0000808 0.000808 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cu 0.00029088 kg/ton 0.0001212 0.000404 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Ni 0.010504 kg/ton 0.00808 0.01212 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Zn 0.0003232 kg/ton 0.000202 0.000404 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.00021008 kg/ton 0.0000404 0.0003232 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.00025048 kg/ton 0.0000808 0.0003636 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.0001616 kg/ton 0.0000404 0.0002424 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
14.8.7 Annexure F: Tier 1 Diesel Oil Emission Factors The emission factors below were derived from thermal emission factors provided in the European Commission Emission Guidance book and converted to a mass based emission factors of kg/ton from g/GJ using the average calorific value of biomass of 43 GJ/t.
Confidence Level
Pollutant Value Unit Lower Upper Reference
NOx 4.3 kg/ton 2.15 6.45 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
CO 1.72 kg/ton 0.86 2.58 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
NMVOC 0.43 kg/ton 0.215 0.645 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
SOx 6.02 kg/ton 0.86 21.5 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
TSP 1.1825 kg/ton 0.215 2.15 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM10 0.9245 kg/ton 0.129 1.72 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
PM2.5 0.7095 kg/ton 0.129 1.29 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Pb 0.000688 kg/ton 0.00043 0.00086 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cd 0.0000129 kg/ton 0.00000645 0.00001935 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Hg 0.0000043 kg/ton 0.00000215 0.00000645 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
As 0.000043 kg/ton 0.0000215 0.0000645 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cr 0.0005504 kg/ton 0.000086 0.00086 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Cu 0.0003096 kg/ton 0.000129 0.00043 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Ni 0.01118 kg/ton 0.0086 0.0129 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Zn 0.000344 kg/ton 0.000215 0.00043 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0002236 kg/ton 0.000043 0.000344 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.0002666 kg/ton 0.000086 0.000387 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.000172 kg/ton 0.000043 0.000258 EMEP/CORINAIR B216
15 REPORTING PARTICULATE MATTER IN NAEIS
Particulate matter (PM) consists of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. These particles come in many sizes and shapes and can be made up of hundreds of different chemicals. Individually, they are invisible to the naked eye. Collectively, they can appear as clouds or a fog-like haze. It is convenient to categorize PM by size and particle type; primary and secondary particles. The PM sizes of interest in South Africa are PM30, MP10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of 30 µm in diameter, 10 µm or 2.5 µm respectively).
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