NAF AND GAF:LINKING LINGUISTIC ANNOTATIONSAntske Fokkens, Aitor Soroa, Zuhaitz Beloki, Niels Ockeloen, German Rigau, Willem Robert van Hage and Piek Vossen

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changes in the world

publication of sources

2004 2009

ANNOTATIONNAF

SEM-EVENTTREMBLOR

ANNOTATIONTAF

SEM-EVENTTSUNAMI

2004 2006 2007 2008 2009

SEM-EVENTTREMBLOR

SEM-EVENTTSUNAMI

ANNOTATION

SEM-EVENTTREMBLOR

SEM-EVENTTSUNAMI

2013

ANNOTATIONANNOTATION ANNOTATION

ANNOTATION

sensor data

direct event report

delayed event report

future event report

Tsunami alert system

future tsunami

"The catastrophe four years ago devastated Indian Ocean community and killed more than 230,000 people, over 170,000 of them in Aceh at northern tip of Sumatra Island of Indonesia."

..., the vessel is the party responsible for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that killed 230,000 people. Apparently, the submarine was able to trigger seismic activity via some kind of directed energy weapon.

SEM-EVENTUSS Jimmy

Carter energy weapon

2005

2006 2007 20082005

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THE GROUNDED ANNOTATION FRAMEWORK

• GAF (Fokkens et al. 2013) links semantic representations of instances and concepts in RDF to their mentions through the gaf:denotedBy relation

• A mention can be a string in text, a linguistic annotation, but also an image, data sensor output, etc.

• The next step: represent linguistic annotations as RDF

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A NEWSREADER QUESTION:WHAT IS FORD?

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KAF AND NIF

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NAF ≈ KAF + NIF

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NLP ANNOTATION FORMAT

• NAF maintains the layered, extensible LAF-based setup of KAF: wrappers of our tools only need minor adaptations to use it

• It is revised so that it can easily be converted to RDF:• Consistent structure of XML elements• IRIs as much as possible

• Redundancies are avoided where possible

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NAF IN OUR PIPELINE

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NAF RDF

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NAF: FROM XML TO RDF

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CONCLUSIONS

• GAF allows us to link instances and concepts in RDF to mentions• NAF is a LAF-based format with a structure that is build so that it

can easily be converted to RDF• We can work towards a complete RDF representation of

linguistic annotations without waiting for an RDF schema that fulfills all our needs

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FUTURE WORK

• Continue to work on the NAF-RDF model• Create wrappers that can deal with NAF-RDF directly• Stay involved with the NLP2RDF initiative (NIF, OLiA)

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THANK YOU

• http://groundedannotationframework.org/• http://wordpress.let.vupr.nl/naf/• http://www.newsreader-project.eu/• http://www.biographynet.nl/

Monday, May 26, 14