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Nagaland State Information

Capital : Kohima

Districts :11

Languages: English, Konyak Angami,Ao, Seema & Loth

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Introduction to Nagaland

Nagaland as state of the India was born on 1stDecember 1963.

Nagaland is situated on the easternmost region ofIndia. One of the seven sister states of India, Nagaland

is covered mostly by high-altitude mountains. The hospitability of the people, culture and tradition

simply touch the heart. Moreover, the Nagaland is anideal destination for trekking, rock climbing and jungle

camping

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History

The history of Nagaland is mainly focused on the Naga tribes and their

customs along with their economic activities .

The Naga tribes had socio-economic and political links with tribes inAssam and Myanmar. In 1816 , Nagaland along with Assam came underthe direct rule of Myanmar, which was a period of oppression and turmoil.

When the East India Company took control of Assam in 1826, they

extended their domain over modern Nagaland. By 1892, all of modernNagaland except the Tuensang area was governed by the British.

It was amalgamated with Assam. The Christian missionaries played animportant part in converting most of the Naga tribes into Christianity.Presently 90 % of the people in Nagaland are Christians.

After the independence, Nagaland remained a part of the province ofAssam. Nationalist activities arose amongst Naga tribes and theydemanded for a political union of their ancestral and native groups. Theyturned millitant and damaged government and civil infrastructure, andattacked government officials and Indians from other states. In order torestore peace ,the Union government sent the Indian Army.

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The Government began diplomatic talks with representatives ofNaga tribes, and the Naga Hills district of Assam and theTuensang frontier were united as a single political entity thatbecame a Union territory

This move too was not satisfactory to the tribes and soon theybegan agitation and violence. This included a series of attacks onArmy and government institutions. Further political accord wasreached at the Naga People`s Convention that Nagaland shouldbecome a self-governing state in the Indian union. Statehood wasofficially granted and the first state-level democratic elections wereheld in 1964.

An Interim Body of 42 members was constituted on February 18,1961. This was to function as the de-facto legislature. It consistedof a five-member Executive Council whose head was the ChiefExecutive Councilor. This functioned as de-facto Council ofMinisters. The first Chairman of the Naga People`s Convention, Dr.Imkongliba Ao, was appointed as the first Chairman of the InterimBody. Mr. P. Shilo was appointed as the Chief Executive Councilorand finally became the first Chief Minister of Nagaland. The lateMr. Vishnu Sahay became the first Governor of Nagaland.

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Geography

Nagaland is located on the extreme northern east just belowArunachal Pradesh.

It has on its long eastern strip the neighboring countryMyanmar. The north is bounded by Arunachal Pradesh,while on its west lies the state of Assam. Manipur borders iton its south.

Rains are heavy in Nagaland. The average rainfall isbetween 175 cm and 250 cm. Most of the heavy rainfall isduring the 4 months from June to September. The rainsduring April to May is low. Strong winds blow from the northwest in February and March.

The climate is pleasant. The terrain is hilly, rugged andmountainous. The highest peak is Saramati in the Twensangdistrict, which is 3840 meters above sea level.

The average height of the peaks is between 900 and 1200metres. The hillsides are covered with green forests. In theAngami region the terraced fields are a feast to the eyes.

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Government

Neiphiu Rio is the Chief Minister of Nagaland.

Rio is a member of the Nagaland People's Front whichjoined other Naga regionalist parties and the state

branch of the BJP under his leadership to form theDemocratic Alliance of Nagaland, a coalition which wonthe 2003 state elections, bringing the 15-year-long ruleof the Indian National Congress in the state to the end.

Rio took office as chief minister on March 6, 2003

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Districts

Nagaland has 11 districts: Kohima Dimapur Phek

Wokha Mokokchung Tuensang Mon

Zunheboto Longleng Peren Kiphere

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Economy

Agriculture is the main important economic activity inNagaland.

More than 90% of the population employed within it.

Principal crops include rice, corn, millets, pulses, tobacco,oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and fibers. However,

Nagaland still depends on the import of food supplies fromother states.

The widespread practice of jhum - clearing for cultivation -has led to soil erosion and loss of fertility. Only the Angamiand Chakesang tribes in the Kohima district use terracingand irrigation techniques. Forestry is also an important

source of income. Cottage industries such as weaving, woodwork and pottery

are also an important source of revenue.

Tourism is important, but largely limited owing to the state'sgeographic isolation and political instability in recent years.

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Industries in nagaland

The development industry in Nagaland has provided animpetus to the economic growth of this north eastern state ofIndia. The proliferation of large scale and medium scaleindustries has helped to raise the standard of living of thelocal inhabitants of Nagaland.

Endowed with ideal infrastructure, Nagaland supportsseveral industries. Some of the well known industries of thenorth eastern state of Nagaland are:

Bamboo related industries like paper mills, plywood factoriesetc.

Cottage industries like spinning, weaving, cane works etc.Sugar mills

Oil factories

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Education

The literacy rate in Nagaland is 67.11% as per censusof 2001 with male literacy at 71.77% and female literacyat 61.92%.

The major university in the state is Nagaland University,

which has three campuses at Kohima, Lumami andMedziphema.

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Rivers

The main rivers that flow through Nagaland are

Dhansiri

Doyang

Dikhu

Jhanji

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Arts & Culture

The Nagas belong to the Indo-Mongoloid family.

The fourteen major Naga tribes are the Angami, Ao,Chakhesang, Chang, Khemungan, Konyak, Lotha,Phom, Pochury, Rengma, Sangtam, Sema, Yimchunger

and Zeliang. Each tribe has their own languages and cultural

features.

The important handicrafts of the Nagas are

woodcarving, bamboo work, pottery and blacksmithy.

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Music and Festivals

Music is an essential accompaniment to any Genna or festival. Thethemes have a wide range of variety.

They may glorify a tradition, extol a specific act of heroism, narratean important event of the recent past or relate to a love story.

A common musical instrument played by the Nagas is Petu. It is a

string instrument. The Angamis and Chakhesangs are particularly fond of it and it is

used to give the desired accompaniment to one's voice. Anotherpopular string instrument is Theku.

Of the wind instrument, the flute is quite common

The festivals are mostly related to agricultural operations.

The important thing about the Naga festivals is their corporatecharacter.

The community as a whole participates in the celebrations.

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