Nagoya University Initiative for Nagoya University Initiative for Climatic Change Mitigation in Climatic Change Mitigation in CitiesCities
HidefumiHidefumi
IMURAIMURAGraduate School of Environmental StudiesGraduate School of Environmental Studies
Nagoya UniversityNagoya University
International Workshop on Urban Energy and Carbon ModelingFebruary 5February 5--66, 200, 20088
AIT Centre, Asian Institute of TechnologyAIT Centre, Asian Institute of TechnologyPathumthaniPathumthani, , TailandTailand
BackgroundBackgroundMay 2007: IPCC WGIII Assessment ReportJune 2007: G8 Summit
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Halving of GHG emissions by 2050Oct 2007: IPCC and Al Gore Jr. were awarded of the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change".December 2007
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COP13 in BaliJune 2008: G8 Summit in Hokkaido, Japan
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Stronger commitments expected, post-Kyoto arrangement?
Where CO2 comes from?
Asia in Urban and Industrial Transformation
The Role of Cities in Climatic Change Mitigation and Adaptation
Science of Climate ChangeUnderstanding of the Phenomena
Adaptation Strategies Mitigation Strategies
Supply SideTechnology Innovation in Industries,
Energy Supply, Vehicles, Buildings, Etc.
Demand SideSocio-economic Innovation in Spatial
Planning, Urban Design, Behaviors, Etc.
Top-DownApproach
Bottom-UpApproach
CitiesRegions
IPCC
Need of Ed & R Programmes
on Low-Carbon Cities: The Role of Universities
Climatic Change
Energy Consumption ReductionGHG Emission Reduction
Supply Side
Demand Side
Population IncreaseEconomic Growth
UrbanizationChina, India, South-East
Asia
BuildingsTransportationConsumption Life styles, Business styles
Energy SupplyIndustries
The Role of Universities
Research and Education
Halving of GHG Emissions by 2050
Need of Systematic Ed & RResearch on Asian citiesImprovement of System Efficiency
Technology R&D
Social TechnologyManagementPlanning
Low AwarenessFew ExpertsNeed of Ed & Research
Systematic Development of High Level Education and Research Prorammes on Climatic Change Mitigation in Cities
Cities
Low Carbon Cities
Areas of disciplines/studies in the proposed program
Civil engineeringArchitecture
“Low- Carbon”
Cities
Urban infrastructure technologies
Stra
tegic
urb
an d
evelo
pmen
tDisaster prevention and
managem
ent
Energy technologiesHa
rmon
izatio
n wi
th n
atur
eSociety and Human being
- Construction/ maintenance/ renewal of buildings
- Materials, durability, and lifetime
- Roads/railways, houses, buildings, water and sewerage, and waste treatment
- telecommunication
- Urban climate- Heat island- Water circulation
- “Cool and smart” city and disaster prevention
- Power supply (electricity and gas)- Use of renewable energy- Centralized /decentralized energy system - Energy-efficient equipment
- Control and management of urbanization
- Urban energy strategies
- Land use
- Economy and environment
- Economy of low- carbon society
- Lifestyle- Business style- Institutions, law and
regulation- Taxation system- Financial resources
Mechanical engineeringOther majors in engineering
Mitigation Strategies
Adaptation Strategies
Social environmental studies(Dept. Social and Human Environment)
Urban environmental studies(Dept. Environmental Engineering and Architecture)
Earth and environmental sciences(Dept. Earth and Environmental Sciences)
SustainabilitySafety and
security
Unique course works•Water and environment
•Population and environment
•Frontiers of environmental studies
•Sustainability and environmental studies (in English)
•Curriculum development of social environmental studies
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, NU
Dept. Environmental Engineering and Architecture
Dept. Social and Human Environment
Dept. Earth and Environmental Sciences
GHG emission reduction in transport and public sectors
Social impacts of climatic change and responses
Science of climatic change, local climate & metrology
Education
A number of student prize winning in the areas of environmental science, energy & resources, geography, architecture, civil engineering, ecology, etc.
No. of doctoral degree issued: 57
Urban energy・GHG emissions in Asian mega-cities・LCA of urban infrastructure・Heat island・Energy management in commercial &
residential sectorsUrban transport
・Environmentally Sustainable Transport
・Comparative analysis of urban transport and the environmentUrban infrastructure
・Life extension of social infrastructure (e.g. bridges)Disaster prevention
・Coastal and regional disaster prevention
Research
“Low-carbon” citiesAC21Overseas partner universities
International network (APN, GCP, etc.)
Our achievements at Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University
Nagoya University InitiativesNagoya University InitiativesRecognition and Understanding
Increasing role of cities in both industrialized and developing countries to promote Sustainable Buildings, Environmentally Sound Transportation, Energy Efficiency, Etc.Need of Integrating Climatic Change Mitigation Measures in Urban Development, especially in rapidly growing Asian cities in China, India, and South-East Asian CountriesUniversities and research institutions in Asia must cooperate more closely to provide opportunities for education and research activities, especially for students and young researchers
Start of the InitiativeNagoya University decided to start an initiative to promote research and education programmes related to the climatic change mitigation in cities, especially in the rapidly developing Asian cities, in cooperation with Universities, Research Institutions, Industries, Goverments, NGOs, and Citizens.
ObjectiveObjectiveBuild an International Network (“Consortium” , or “Platform of Joint Research Initiative”) of Universities, Research Institutes, International Organizations, NGOs and Others
Explore a Research & Education Programme
related to the
Climatic Change Mitigation and Adaptation Policies / Measures in Cities
Exchange information
Form an International Research Team
Hold International Meetings
GoalGoalBuild “low-carbon” cities, halving the GHG emissions by 2050
Improve energy efficiency drastically
Seek for “macro-efficiency” (or “social system efficiency”) rather than “micro-efficiency”Find a transition path to a “low-carbon” society, or “low-carbon city” through integrating environmental measures in urban development
Incorporate technological and socio-economic options
Establish a platform of research and education for young researchers, especially those who will lead the initiatives in developing countries
Field studies on developing Asian cities
Feasible measures enforceable in developing Asian cities
Land U se
RUSSIA
FINLAND
AUSTRIA
ITALY
SPAIN
SWEDEN
NORWAY
GERMANY
FRANCE
PORTUGAL
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
BULGARIATURKEY
DENMARKPOLAND
BELARUS
UKRAINE
CZECHSLOVAKIA
GREECE
ANDORRA
NETH.
BELGIUMIRELAND
MOLDOVA
LITHUANIA
LATVIA
ESTONIA
LUX.
SWITZERLAND
GREENLAND
ICELAND
U. S. A.
CANADA
MEXICO
THE BAHAMAS
CUBA
PANAMA
EL SALVADOR
GUATEMALA
BELIZE
HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
COSTA RICA
JAMAICA HAITIDOM. REP.
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
COLOMBIAVENEZUELA
PERU
BRAZIL
FRENCH GUIANASURINAME
GUYANA
CHILE
ECUADOR
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
SUDAN
EGYPT
NIGER
MAURITANIA
MALI
NIGERIA
NAMIBIA
LIBYA
CHAD
CONGO
ANGOLA
ALGERIA
GABON
C.A.R.
TUNISIA
MOROCCO
TOGO
BENIN
GHANAIVORY COAST
LIBERIA
SIERRA LEONE
GUINEA
BURKINA
GAMBIACAMEROON
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
CONGOEQUATORIAL GUINEA
WESTERN SAHARA
SENEGAL
GUINEA BISSAU
Canary Islands
ISRAEL
LEBANON
SYRIA IRAQ
IRAN
SAUDIARABIA
RUSSIA
U. K.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ARCTIC
OCEAN
Mississ
ippi
Missouri
Colorado
Amazon
Nile
Cong
o
Niger
Ob'
Yenisey
Ohio
MacKen
zie
Rio G
r a nd e
Orinoco
Negro
Madeira
Para
na
Rhine
Dnieper
Great Lakes
�Great Slave L.
�Great Bear L.
L. Winnipeg
L. Chad
Chukchi Sea
Beaufort Sea
Caribbean Sea
Hudson Bay
Gulf ofAlaska
Baffin Bay
Gulf of Mexico
Norwegian Sea
GreenlandSea
NorthSea
Mediterranean Sea
BalticSea
Black Sea
Aral Sea
Barents Sea
Kara Sea
Caspian SeaRed Sea
2007 N ew C onstruction⇒ O peration & M aintenance ⇒ R enew al⇒・・・ 2050 ・・・・・ 2100
G H G s, W astes, A ir and W ater P ollutants
Input & O utput of M aterial and E nergy
S pill-O ver E ffect
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2000 2030 2050 2100
NorthWestEast
Local C lim ate andM etrologyH eat Island
H ouses and B uildingsP hysical S tructure
Life C ycleP rolongation
Long-T erm P lanningand D esign
InternationalT rade
C arbonLeakage
S tabilizationS cenario
エネルギーシステム
T ransportation S ystem
LifestyleB usiness S tyle
N ew T echnologyT echnical P otencial
S ocial S ystem E fficincyFactor 5
Inform ationS ociety
M aterial
E xtended L C AE nvironm ental R esource
A ccounting
United States
Transition to “Low-Carbon” City and Its Impact
Material Flow / Stock and Energy Consumption
Change of …BuildingsInfrastructuresits Structure
Cause change of ..Functions of cityLife style of residenceEnergy cons.
StocksStocks
ConstructionConstruction
Estimating a MF / MS of city link to consider Energy Cons. Estimating a MF / MS of city link to consider Energy Cons. and the climate change.and the climate change.
Material Material StocksStocks / Accumulations / Accumulations for for Urban MetabolismUrban Metabolism
DemolitionDemolition
Material Material FlowsFlows forforUrban DevelopmentUrban Development
Prof. Hiroki TANIKAWA, Wakayama University
Historical Change of Material Stock #2 by construction material
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Material Stock (1000ton)
RailwRoadwayBuilding
1849 1896 1908 1932 1953 1972 1980 1990 2004
Others
Wood
Brick
Steel
Morotar
Concrete
Aggregate/StoneBlock
In 2004, Aggregate and Stone Block is 28%, 24% of Concrete, 20% of Bricks.
Prof. Hiroki TANIKAWA, Wakayama University
Integrated model for “low-carbon” cities
Organic integration of technologies and systems
Building design, facilities (ventilation, home appliances etc.), vehicles, energy-efficient materials, recycling, various construction methods etc.
Population dynamics
Urban planning
Resource efficiency
Transportation system and land use (infrastructure, buildings, houses, allocation of waterfronts and green spaces etc.)
Coordinating with disaster prevention
Vision of the program
BACKCASTING
Renovating existing cities Developing new citiesDeveloped countries Developing countries
(based on LCA approach)
“Cool and smart” cities
LONG-TERM TARGETHalving GHG emissions by 2050
New construction Maintenance Renewal
Strategic urban development
ROADMAP NC M R
Reuse of existing stocks Resource circulation
Stabilization, and low birthrate and aging population
Rapid population growth Drastic LB&AP
Technology innovation
The program aims to develop human resources that are capable to build “low-carbon cities” based on the knowledge and technologies ranging from urban planning, infrastructure and building design to appropriate materials and construction methods.
…
Socioeconomic Scenario: Population, Economic Growth, …
Land UsePhysical Planning
CompactnessGreen Space, Water
Houses, BuildingsStructure, Material
LifeRenewal
Transportation SystemMode
Travel MileageFuel Economy
Urban Climate
Urban Development Scenario
Urban EnvironmentalSimulator
LCA
Input-Output of Energy and MaterialInternational Trade
Energy Development Scenario
Resource Accounting
Life StyleConsumption
Energy SystemEnergy EfficiencySystem EfficiencyEnergy Sources
Renewable Energy
GISAnnual and Accumulated
GHG Emissions
Evaluation ofCarbon Leakage
Evaluation ofSystem Efficiency
SEA of “Low-Carbon” City
Strategic Environmental Assessment of “Low-Carbon” City
Research&EducationInterdisciplinary education by multiple researchersSupervision by Japanese and foreign researchersPractical education with actual cities as research targets
Curriculum for Vertical and horizontalapproaches
Integrating theory and practice
Internationally recognized
performance
Land useTransportationEnergyInfrastructure LCMDisaster prevention
AdaptationMitigationPolicy and
planning
Support for young researchersEnglish training, education materials in English, human resource exchange with partner university and institutes, international conferences
Graduate School for Environmental Studies, Nagoya
University
International Research Center for Sustainable Transport and Cities
Visiting professors
Visiting researchers
Doctoral course
students
Platform for international research and education
Young researchers
Active exchange of human resources and scientific knowledge
Overseas partner univ.UC Berkeley (US)Tsinghua Univ. (China)Tongji Univ. (China)IIT (India)AIT (Thailand) etc.
Domestic and overseas partner institutes and initiatives
GCP (Int’l)ADB-BAQ (Asia)TERI (India)Wuppertal Inst. (Ger.)NIES (Japan)CRIEPI (Japan)Private sector etc.
Study citiesNagoyaBeijing and ShanghaiBangkokDelhi and MumbaiEtc.
The Consortium for Research and Education for Low-Carbon Cities (Vision)
Thank you! Wishing Collaboration with You
Through Nagoya University Initiative