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The Project on IntegratedUrban Development Master Plan
for the City of Nairobiin the Republic of Kenya
Interim Report
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May 2013
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.IDCJ Inc. EJEC Inc.
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The Project on Integrated Urban Development Master Plan forthe City of Nairobi in the Republic of Kenya
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LOCATION MAP
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2.5.4 Airport .............................................................................................................................. 2-72
2.5.5 Water Supply .................................................................................................................... 2-75
2.5.6 Storm Water Drainage and Sewerage ............................................................................... 2-77
2.5.7 Power Supply ................................................................................................................... 2-82
2.5.8 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................. 2-832.5.9 Telecommunications ......................................................................................................... 2-84
2.6 Review of Current Infrastructure Conditions........................................................................ 2-86
2.6.1 Urban Transport ................................................................................................................ 2-86
2.6.2 Railway ............................................................................................................................. 2-89
2.6.3 Airport .............................................................................................................................. 2-94
2.6.4 Water Supply .................................................................................................................... 2-96
2.6.5 Storm Water Drainage and Sewerage ............................................................................. 2-102
2.6.6 Power Supply ................................................................................................................. 2-106
2.6.7 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................... 2-115
2.6.8 Telecommunications ....................................................................................................... 2-122
2.7 Overview of Constraints and Planning Issues..................................................................... 2-132
2.7.1 Overview of Constrains and Planning Issues ................................................................... 2-132
2.7.2 Sectoral Constrains and Planning Issues ........................................................................ 2-134
2.8 Review of Urban Development in Neighbouring Countries ............................................... 2-143
2.8.1 Comparison among Nairobi City and Other African Countries ..................................... 2-143
2.8.2 Population ....................................................................................................................... 2-145
2.8.3 Appropriate Urban Plan .................................................................................................. 2-1452.8.4 Other Urban Problems .................................................................................................... 2-145
CHAPTER 3 PRELIMINARY IDEAS FOR DEVELOPMENT VISION AND A STRUCTURE PLAN 3-1
3.1 Development Visions .............................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.1 Development Vision Formulation Procedure ....................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Development Visions in the Related Plans and Strategies ................................................... 3-1
3.1.3 Stakeholder Discussions on Development Vision ............................................................... 3-3
3.2 Proposal and Discussion of Alternative Structure Plans ......................................................... 3-6
3.2.1 Structure Plan Formulation Procedure ................................................................................. 3-63.2.2 Discussion of Structure Plans .............................................................................................. 3-6
3.2.3 Stakeholder Discussions on Development Vision ............................................................... 3-8
3.3 Socioeconomic Framework .................................................................................................. 3-11
3.3.1 Future Population of Kenya, Nairobi City and its Environs title ....................................... 3-11
3.3.2 Future Day-Time Population of Nairobi City .................................................................... 3-17
3.3.3 Future GDP per Capita of Kenya and Nairobi City ........................................................... 3-17
3.3.4 Policy Measures Required by the Socioeconomic Framework ......................................... 3-18
3.4 Formulation of Future Transport Network ............................................................................ 3-20
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3.4.1 Outline of Traffic Surveys ................................................................................................. 3-20
3.4.2 Zoning and Survey Points .................................................................................................. 3-21
3.4.3 Person Trip Survey ............................................................................................................ 3-26
3.4.4 Transport Demand Forecasting Methodology ................................................................... 3-26
CHAPTER 4 CROSS CUTTING ISSUES ..................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Human Resources Development ............................................................................................. 4-1
4.1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Current Situation of Human Resources Management (CCN) .............................................. 4-1
4.1.3 Directions to Formulate Capacity Development Plan ......................................................... 4-5
4.2 Geographic Information System (GIS) ................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.1 Background of the Issues ..................................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.2 Situation of Nairobi’s GIS ................................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.3 Current Status of the GIS Data under NIU Plan ................................................................ 4-124.2.4 The Management Proposal of GIS Data ............................................................................ 4-15
4.3 Strategic Environmental Assessment .................................................................................... 4-16
4.3.1 Outline of the EIA/SEA system in Kenya ......................................................................... 4-16
4.3.2 EIA/SEA Guidelines .......................................................................................................... 4-16
4.3.3 SEA Procedure ................................................................................................................... 4-16
4.3.4 Selection of SEA Consulting Firm .................................................................................... 4-18
4.3.5 Current Status of SEA ....................................................................................................... 4-18
CHAPTER 5 WAY FORWARD ...................................................................................................... 5-15.1 Outline of Activity up to May ................................................................................................. 5-1
5.2 Expected Forthcoming Activity .............................................................................................. 5-1
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1 CONTRACT AND MINUTES OF MEETING FOR INCEPTION MEETING ...Appendix-1
APPENDIX 2 RESULTS OF TRAFFIC SURVEYS .................................................................Appendix-2
APPENDIX 3 REVIEW OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES ...Appendix-3
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Figure 1.3.1 Location Map......................................................................................................... 1-2
Figure 1.3.2 Greater Nairobi Boundary ..................................................................................... 1-3
Figure 1.4.1 Project Organization Chart .................................................................................... 1-4
Figure 1.4.2 Tiers of Discussion Structure ................................................................................. 1-4Figure 2.1.1 Rainfall and Temperature in Nairobi City ............................................................. 2-2
Figure 2.1.2 Population Density per Hectare of Nairobi City in 2009 ......................................... 2-3
Figure 2.1.3 Average Annual Population Growth Rate of Nairobi City and its Environs (Greater Nairobi) from 1999 to 2009 (%) 2-3
Figure 2.1.4 Age Structure of Population of Kenya Showing Nairobi in 2009 ............................ 2-4
Figure 2.1.5 Age Structure of Population of Nairobi in 2009 ....................................................... 2-4
Figure 2.1.6 Percentage of Households by Ownership of Household Assets and District ........... 2-7
Figure 2.1.7 Share of Individuals below Poverty Line ................................................................. 2-8
Figure 2.1.8 Households by Main Source of Water and District .................................................. 2-9
Figure 2.1.9 Households by Main Mode of Human Waste Disposal and District ........................ 2-9
Figure 2.1.10 Households by Main Type of Lighting Fuel and District ....................................... 2-9
Figure 2.1.11 Percentage of Households by Ownership of Household Assets and District ....... 2-10
Figure 2.1.12 Wage Employment by Industry in 2011 (provisional) ......................................... 2-10
Figure 2.1.13 Estimated Distribution of Employees of Business Establishments Registered in the NCC 2-11
Figure 2.2.1 Structure of Concerned Laws and Plans .............................................................. 2-18
Figure 2.2.2 Land Control Scheme .......................................................................................... 2-26
Figure 2.3.1 Organization Chart of NCC ................................................................................. 2-34
Figure 2.4.1 First Plan of Nairobi by A. F. Church in 1898 ..................................................... 2-40Figure 2.4.2 Plan for Setter Capital in 1927 ............................................................................ 2-41
Figure 2.4.3 Master Plan for a Colonial Capital in 1948 ......................................................... 2-42
Figure 2.4.4 Recommended Distribution of Population in 2000 ............................................. 2-43
Figure 2.4.5 Nairobi Metropolitan Growth Strategy 1973 ....................................................... 2-45
Figure 2.4.6 Zone Map by JST ................................................................................................ 2-46
Figure 2.4.7 Hill Area Zoning Plan .......................................................................................... 2-46
Figure 2.4.8 Proposed Urban Settlements Pattern ................................................................... 2-51
Figure 2.4.9 Location of New Town ........................................................................................ 2-51
Figure 2.4.10 Development Pattern, Settlement/Build Up 2009 & 2030 .................................. 2-53
Figure 2.4.11 CBD of Nairobi City County ............................................................................... 2-55
Figure 2.4.12 CBD and Its Linkage to Railway, Upper Hills .................................................... 2-55
Figure 2.4.13 Land Use Map Done by Colombia and Nairobi University................................. 2-56
Figure 2.4.14 Satellite Image of Ridgeways Area ..................................................................... 2-57
Figure 2.4.15 Satellite Image of Kasarani, Dandora Area ......................................................... 2-57
Figure 2.4.16 Satellite Image of Kilimani Area ......................................................................... 2-58
Figure 2.4.17 Satellite Image of Eastleigh South to Uhuru Estate ............................................. 2-58
Figure 2.4.18 Typical Development Pattern .............................................................................. 2-60
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Figure 2.5.1 Nairobi-Thika Highway Improvement Project Location Map ............................ 2-66
Figure 2.5.2 MRTS Corridors .................................................................................................. 2-68
Figure 2.5.3 Road Network in Urban Area (Nairobi City) in 2005 ......................................... 2-69
Figure 2.6.1 Road Network in Nairobi City ............................................................................ 2-87
Figure 2.6.2 Comparison of Travel Mode by Trip Purpose between 2004 Survey and 2013 Survey ... 2-89Figure 2.6.3 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment of MRT on Thika Road ................................ 2-91
Figure 2.6.4 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment of MRT on Juja Road ................................... 2-91
Figure 2.6.5 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment of LRT on Jogoo Road ................................. 2-92
Figure 2.6.6 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment of MRT on Ngong Road .............................. 2-92
Figure 2.6.7 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment of LRT on the Outer Ring Road .................. 2-93
Figure 2.6.8 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment of LRT on the Waiyaki Way ........................ 2-93
Figure 2.6.9 View of JKIA Terminal Area from Control Tower .............................................. 2-94
Figure 2.6.10 View of JKIA Terminal Area from Control Tower .............................................. 2-95
Figure 2.6.11 View of Wilson Airport Airlines Hanger and Taxiway from Control Tower ....... 2-96
Figure 2.6.12 Outline of Map of Water Supply to Nairobi City ................................................ 2-98
Figure 2.6.13 General Layout of the Zones ............................................................................. 2-100
Figure 2.6.14 Power Sector in Kenya ...................................................................................... 2-108
Figure 2.6.15 Classification of Power Plants by Installed Capacity ........................................ 2-110
Figure 2.6.16 Incidences per 1,000 Customers as on 29th April, 2013 .................................... 2-111
Figure 2.6.17 Countermeasure for Vandalism ......................................................................... 2-112
Figure 2.6.18 Demand Forecast from 2010 to 2031 ................................................................ 2-114
Figure 2.6.19 Least Cost Expansion Plan and Peak Demand .................................................. 2-114Figure 2.6.20 Solid Waste Flow in Nairobi County (2009) ..................................................... 2-115
Figure 2.6.21 Facilities related to Solid Waste Management ................................................... 2-116
Figure 2.6.22 Organization Structure of Department of Environment .................................... 2-117
Figure 2.6.23 Organization Structure of Department of Environment .................................... 2-118
Figure 2.6.24 Number of Fixed and Mobile Users in Kenya ................................................... 2-123
Figure 2.6.25 Proportion of Fixed and Mobile Telephones in Kenya ...................................... 2-124
Figure 2.6.26 Percentage of Mobile Subscriptions among 4 Countries ................................... 2-128
Figure 2.6.27 Percentage of Individual Internet Use among 4 Countries ................................ 2-128
Figure 2.6.28 Percentage of Fixed-telephone Subscriptions among 4 Countries .................... 2-129
Figure 2.6.29 Penetration ratio of Mobile Subscriptions in Kenya in a Global Comparison .. 2-129
Figure 2.6.30 Penetration Ratio of Individual Internet Use in Kenya in a Global Comparison2-129
Figure 2.6.31 Penetration Ratio of Fixed-telephone Subscriptions in Kenya in a Global Comparison 2-130
Figure 2.6.32 Price of Mobile-broadband Services, Early 2013 .............................................. 2-131
Figure 2.7.1 Overview of Urban Issues of Nairobi City ........................................................ 2-132
Figure 2.7.2 Existing Passenger Train Operation by RVR ..................................................... 2-136
Figure 2.7.3 Sample Photo of DMU ...................................................................................... 2-136
Figure 2.7.4 Preliminary Identified Issues through the First Survey ..................................... 2-141
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Figure 2.7.5 Conceptual Diagram; Development of Telecommunications in Nairobi ........... 2-142
Figure 2.8.1 Distribution of GDP of city in African countries ............................................... 2-143
Figure 2.8.2 Distribution of City GDP of Major Cities in Eastern Africa ............................. 2-144
Figure 2.8.3 Economic Corridor in Eastern Africa ................................................................ 2-144
Figure 2.8.4 Comparison of Population Statistics .................................................................. 2-145Figure 3.2.1 Structure Plan Proposed in the NMR Spatial Plan ................................................ 3-8
Figure 3.2.2 Discussion Results ................................................................................................. 3-8
Figure 3.2.3 Location of Current CBD ...................................................................................... 3-9
Figure 3.2.4 Land Use of CBD ................................................................................................ 3-10
Figure 3.3.1 Estimation of Population of Kenya ..................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3.3.2 Population Estimation of Kenya and Greater Nairobi ......................................... 3-13
Figure 3.3.3 Alternative Scenarios of Population Estimation of Nairobi City and Greater Nairobi ..... 3-14
Figure 3.3.4 Alternative Scenarios of Population Estimation of Nairobi City ........................ 3-14
Figure 3.3.5 Area and Population Density of Selected Cities .................................................. 3-16
Figure 3.3.6 Polycentric Concept of Nairobi City (Provisional) ............................................. 3-20
Figure 3.4.1 Zone Map inside the City of Nairobi ................................................................... 3-22
Figure 3.4.2 Zone Map around the City of Nairobi ................................................................. 3-22
Figure 3.4.3 Zone Map outside the City of Nairobi ................................................................. 3-23
Figure 3.4.4 Traffic Survey Point in Nairobi Urban Area ........................................................ 3-24
Figure 3.4.5 Traffic Survey Point in Nairobi Urbanised Area ................................................. 3-24
Figure 3.4.6 Location of Public Transport User Survey .......................................................... 3-25
Figure 3.4.7 Routes of Travel Speed Survey ........................................................................... 3-25Figure 3.4.8 Flow of Four-Step-Method .................................................................................. 3-27
Figure 3.4.9 The Road Length Density by Area of the Target Road Network ......................... 3-29
Figure 3.4.10 The Road Length Density by Population of the Target Road Network ............... 3-29
Figure 4.1.1 Relevance of Capacity Development Method .......................................................... 4-4
Figure 4.1.2 Directions to Formulate Capacity Development Plan .............................................. 4-5
Figure 4.1.3 Target Group of Capacity Development ................................................................... 4-6
Figure 4.2.1 The difference between the satellite image .............................................................. 4-9
Figure 4.2.2 Topographic GIS Map (1:5000) ............................................................................. 4-10
Figure 4.2.3 Census Map 1999 ................................................................................................... 4-11
Figure 4.2.4 Land Use Map from Columbia University ............................................................. 4-11
Figure 4.2.5 Cadastral Map (held by Nairobi City) .................................................................... 4-12
Figure 4.2.6 Aerial Photos of Nairobi ......................................................................................... 4-13
Figure 4.2.7 Fair Consistency between the Imagery and Land Use, the buildings, Roads shape file ...... 4-14
Figure 4.2.8 Land Use Map ........................................................................................................ 4-14
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Table 2.6.2 Urban Road Classification by Kenya Road Classification Manual ..................... 2-88
Table 2.6.3 Major Facilities of JKIA ...................................................................................... 2-94
Table 2.6.4 Major Facilities of Wilson Airport ....................................................................... 2-96
Table 2.6.5 Existing Water Resources of Water Supply for Nairobi City .............................. 2-97
Table 2.6.6 Existing Facilities of Sasumua System ................................................................ 2-97Table 2.6.7 Existing Facilities of Ruiru System ..................................................................... 2-97
Table 2.6.8 Existing Facilities of Mwagu System .................................................................. 2-97
Table 2.6.9 Existing Facilities of Kikuyu System .................................................................. 2-98
Table 2.6.10 Zones of the Distribution System in Nairobi City ............................................... 2-99
Table 2.6.11 Operating Conditions of Existing Major STPs in Nairobi City ......................... 2-104
Table 2.6.12 Power Demand and Supply in Kenya ................................................................ 2-109
Table 2.6.13 Power Demand and Supply in Nairobi Region ................................................. 2-109
Table 2.6.14 Sales for Type of Customers Covered by Tariff ................................................ 2-109
Table 2.6.15 Power-Generating Facilities .............................................................................. 2-110
Table 2.6.16 Daily Monitoring of Blackout Incidence ............................................................ 2-111
Table 2.6.17 Underground Cable Projects ............................................................................... 2-111
Table 2.6.18 Retail Electricity Tariffs Structure ..................................................................... 2-112
Table 2.6.19 Number of Staff in each Section ........................................................................ 2-117
Table 2.6.20 Amount of Waste Generation ............................................................................ 2-117
Table 2.6.21 Collection System in Nairobi county ................................................................. 2-119
Table 2.6.22 Collected waste in Nairobi ................................................................................ 2-119
Table 2.6.23 Amount of Recyclable ....................................................................................... 2-120Table 2.6.24 Dumping Sites in Nairobi County ..................................................................... 2-120
Table 2.6.25 Financial Condition of NCC and DOE .............................................................. 2-121
Table 2.6.26 Subscriptions and Internet Users ....................................................................... 2-124
Table 2.6.27 Subscriptions of Broadband Services ................................................................ 2-124
Table 2.6.28 Penetration Ratio of Telecommunications in Nairobi City and the Provinces .. 2-125
Table 2.6.29 Minimum Broadband Speed .............................................................................. 2-126
Table 2.6.30 Broadband Penetration Targets .......................................................................... 2-126
Table 2.6.31 Key Outputs and Outcomes ............................................................................... 2-127
Table 2.8.1 The Newest Urban Plan ..................................................................................... 2-145
Table 3.2.1 Comparison of Types of Structure Plan ................................................................. 3-6
Table 3.2.2 Conceptual Diagram and the Characteristics ....................................................... 3-10
Table 3.3.1 Alternative Scenarios ........................................................................................... 3-12
Table 3.3.2 Population Estimation of Greater Nairobi ........................................................... 3-15
Table 3.3.3 Comparison of Nairobi City’s Annual Average Growth Rate and Population Density in 20303-15
Table 3.3.4 Area and Population Density of Selected Cities .................................................. 3-16
Table 3.3.5 Work Places and School Enrolment .................................................................... 3-17
Table 3.3.6 Alternative Cases of Future GDP per Capita of Kenya and Nairobi City ........... 3-18
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Table 3.3.7 Tentative Scenario of Employment Distribution by Type of Industry ................. 3-19
Table 3.4.1 Summary of Traffic Survey ................................................................................. 3-20
Table 3.4.2 Total Number of Traffic Zones ............................................................................ 3-21
Table 3.4.3 The Number of Zone Splits for Forecasting ........................................................ 3-28
Table 4.1.1 Number of Officials and Training Needs ............................................................... 4-2Table 4.1.2 Number of Employee in City Planning Dept. CCN .............................................. 4-2
Table 4.1.3 Critical Skills Identified in Sample Survey ........................................................... 4-3
Table 4.1.4 Fundamental Skills to be Acquired ........................................................................ 4-7
Table 4.2.1 Contents of Geodatabase ..................................................................................... 4-10
Table 4.2.2 Specification of Satellite Imagery (WorldView-2) .............................................. 4-12
Table 4.3.1 Main Tasks of SEA, specified by SEA Guideline of Kenya ................................ 4-16
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KIA Kenya Investment Authority MEMR Ministry of Environment andMineral Resources
KIE Kenya Industrial Estate Ltd MFIs Microfinance Institutions
KIP Kenya Institute of Planners MOE Ministry of Energy
KIPI Kenya Industrial Property Institute MOH Ministry of Health
KIRDI Kenya Industrial Research andDevelopment Institute MOICMinistry of Information andCommunication
KISIP Kenya Informal SettlementsImprovement Project MOL Ministry of Land
Ken Gen Kenya Power Generating Company MOLG Ministry of Local Government
KDN Kenya Data Network MONMD Ministry of Nairobi MetropolitanDevelopment
KENIC Kenya Network Information Center MOPHS Ministry of Public Health andSanitation
KEPSA Kenya Private Sector Alliance MORPW Ministry of Roads and PublicWorksKETRACO
Kenya Electricity TransmissionCompany MOW&I Ministry of Water and Irrigation
KFS Kenya Forest Service MRTS Mass Rapid Transit System
KMP Kenya Municipal Program NaMSIP Nairobi Metropolitan ServiceImprovement Project
KNCC&I Kenya National Chamber ofCommerce and Industry NASP National Airports System Plan
KPLC Kenya Power and Lighting Company NBS National Broad Band Strategy
KPPRA Kenya Institute of Public PolicyResearch an Analysis NCC Nairobi City County
KPTC Kenya Post and TelecommunicationCompany’s NCWSC Nairobi City Water and SewerageCompany
KRC Kenya Railways Corporation NEMA National EnvironmentManagement Authority
KTB Kenya Tourist Board NES National Environment Secretariat
KTDC Kenya Tourist DevelopmentCorporation NESC Nairobi City Water and SewerageCompany
KURA Kenya Urban Roads Authority NHC National Housing Corporation
KWS Kenya Wildlife Service NIUPLA N Nairobi Integrated UrbanDevelopment Master Plan
OPM Office of the Prime Minister NMR Nairobi Metropolitan Region
PID Project Information Document ERSWECEconomic Recovery Strategy forWealth and Employment Creation
PIDG Private Infrastructure DevelopmentGroup Trust NSSF National Social Security Fund
LRTS Light Rail Transit System NUTRIP National Urban TransportImprovement Project
MAF Mission Aviation Fellowship O&M Operation and Maintenance
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OJT On-the-Job Training SOK Survey of Kenya
PHPDT Peak Hour Peak Direction Traffic STP Sewerage Treatment Plant
PIS Policy Implementation Section SWM Solid Waste Management
PPCSCA Permanent Presidential Commission onSoil Conservation and Afforestation SWPC Solid Waste Public Corporation
PR Plot Ratio UfW Unaccounted for Water
PSP Private Service Provider C):F United Nations EnvironmentProgramme
PT Person Trip UON University of Nairobi
REA Rural Electricity Authority USAID United States Agency forInternational Development
RFC Regional Financial Centre WASP Wien Automatic SimulationPackage
ROSCAs Rotating Savings and CreditAssociations WaSSIPWater and Sanitation ServiceImprovement Project
RTA Research Triangle Africa WATSA NKibera Integrated Water, Sanitationand Waste Management Project
SACCOs Savings and Credit CooperativeSocieties WB World Bank
SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment WRMA Water Resources ManagementAuthority
SECE Swiss State Secretariat for ForeignAffairs MSD Medium Speed Diesel
SIDA Swedish International DevelopmentCooperation WSP Water Service Providers
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Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. 1-1 Interim Report IDCJ Inc. EJEC Inc.
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
1.1 Background
Nairobi is the capital city and the largest city of Kenya as well as one of the most importanteconomic centers in East and Central African Regions. The Nairobi city accounts for 50 % offormal employment in Kenya and generates over 50 % of GDP. The VISION 2030, which showslong term national development strategy of Kenya, aims at becoming a middle income country by2030. Nairobi city plays an important role not only as a political center but also as a model for
economic development and social development. Urban development plan of Nairobi city, on theother hand, has not been updated since 1973 and the direction of urban development is not clearlydefined.
Population of Nairobi city was 800 thousand in 1980. Due mainly to population migration fromrural area, population has grown to 3.1 million in 2009 and is expected to grow further. In addition,urban problems such as perennial traffic congestion, expansion of slum area, and environmentdeterioration have been left unsolved for a long time and are already causing negative impact onthe economic activities and daily lives of the people in Nairobi city. In order to accelerate soundand sustainable development, an integrated urban master plan has to be prepared, and thus transportnetwork, water supply and sewerage, solid waste management, and living environment have to beimproved.
In response to the request of the Government of Kenya, the Government of Japan has dispatched“Study Team for the Integrated Urban Development Master Plan for the City of Nairobi (hereafterthe Project)” in July, 2012 and signed the Record of Discussion with the Ministry of LocalGovernment and City Council of Nairobi for the implementation of the Project.
1.2 Outline of the Project
(1) Objectives of the Project (overall goals)
The objective of the Project are to review and develop concepts on sustainable urban developmentand improvement of living condition based on integrated urban development plan for Nairobi city.
(2) Expected Outputs:
(i) To formulate an integrated urban development master plan for 2030,
(ii) To formulate and implementation and management program,
(iii) To select priority areas and priority projects,
(iv) To review and formulate policies, rules and guidelines for local government, and
(v) To conduct technical transfer to the counterparts in the course of the Project.
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(3) Concerned Agency
(i) Responsible Agency: The Ministry of Local Government (MOLG)
(ii) Implementing Agency: The Nairobi City County (NCC)
(4) Accronym of the Project
The Project on Integrated Urban Development Master Plan for the City of Nairobi in the Republicof Kenya
1.3 Project Area
(1) Nairobi City
The Project Area is the entire area of the City County of Nairobi (695.1 km2) with population of3.1 million (2009 Census).
Source: JICA Study Team (JST)Figure 1.3.1 Location Map
(2) The Greater Nairobi Area
Since urbanization of Nairobi city county is expanding outside the city boundary and the conditionof the surrounding area has to be considered, Greater Nairobi is set at about 20 km from the City of
Nairobi, which based on “The Master Plan and Feasibility Study to alleviate Traffic Congestionand improve Traffic safety in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area” prepared by JICA in 2006 and recenturbanization trend, and the census data in 2009. Traffic survey and population analysis have beingconduced based on Greater Nairobi. Following figure and table show the coverage of Greater
Nairobi area.
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Source: JICA Study Team (JST)Figure 1.3.2 Greater Nairobi Boundary
Table 1.3.1 Greater Nairobi (Division list)Division Area(km 2) Division Area(km 2)
City of Nairobi
Central
695.1
South-easternKIAMBU County 801.5
MakadaraKasarani SouthernKIAMBU County 706.6Embakasi
Pumwani NorthernKAJIADO County 1050.9wastlands
Dagoretti WesternMACHAKOS County 1598.0Kibera
Source: JICA Study Team (JST)
1.4 Organizational Arrangements
For implementation of the Project, following organizational setting is established.
1.4.1 Overall Organizational Arrangements
Stakeholders of the Project is composed of JICA Study Team, Ministry of Local Government asResponsible Agency, City County of Nairobi as Implementing Agency and stakeholders fromcentral government and concerned agencies. Following figure shows Project Organization Chart.
South-easternKIAMBU CountySouthernKIAMBU County
NorthernKAJIADO County
WesternMACHAKOS County
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Source: Record of Discussion signed among Ministry of Local Government and City Council of Nairobi and JapanInternational Cooperation Agency on 23 July, 2013Figure 1.4.1 Project Organization Chart
1.4.2 Individual Organizational Arrangements
For execution of the master plan formulation, Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC), TechnicalWorking Group, and Secretariat Meeting are organized. Following chart shows the outline of theorganizational arrangements.
Source: JICA Study Team (JST)Figure 1.4.2 Tiers of Discussion Structure
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(1) Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC)
JCC is a high level decision making body composed of national government agencies represented by Secretary level. Function of JCC is shown below.
To steer and advice the project team
To appraise the results of the Project
To facilitate the necessary endorsement procedure of the Project outputs
To coordinate and give policy direction to existing and on-going sector plans
First JCC was held on December11, 2012 to discuss Inception Report. The contents of theInception Report were approved by the JCC.
Table 1.4.1 JCC Meeting RecordDate Discussion Topic Participants
December 11, 2012 Topics: Inception Report discussion
Remarks from Ministry of Local Government,Ministry of Nairobi Metropolitan Development,Town Clerk of NCC, JICA Kenya Office
Brief on integrated urban development master plan (NCC)
Explanation of Inception Report Discussion
NCC (Town Clerk, Directors,and staff) Ministry of Local Government(PS, Director of Urban Planning)
MoH (Ministry of Health) MNPDV2030 (Ministry of
National Planning and Vision2030
MONMED (Ministry of NairobiMetropolitan Development)
MOW&I (Ministry of Water andIrrigation)
OPM( Office of the PrimeMinister)
TREASURY
MEMR(Ministry ofEnvironment and MineralResources)
NMG NMN JICA Kenya Office JICA Study Team
Source: JICA Study Team (JST)
Because of the organization restructure both at national government level and Nairobi City Countylevel, structure of JCC will be changed to represent new government structure. New JCC structurewill be proposed at the next JCC for approval.
(2) Technical Working GroupTechnical Working Group is organized as
To carry out surveys and analyze the current situation of the project area
To prepare reports for presentation to the JCC
To harmonize the presented reports
To coordinate the working team
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To anticipate challenges of sectoral plants with a view to ensure horizontal co-ordinationamong agencies.
Six Thematic Technical Working group was proposed in the first Technical Working Group inJanuary for sector discussion and discussion was conducted in accordance with the ThematicWorking Group. Six groups are shown in the table below.
Table 1.4.2 Thematic Working GroupThematic Working Group
(i) Land use & human settlements(ii) Governance & institution(iii) Population and social system/urban economy(iv) Urban transport (road, railway, airport)(v) Environment(vi) Infrastructure (water supply, wastewater, power, solid waste and disaster prevention, ICT &
telecommunication)Source: JICA Study Team (JST)
Technical working group conducted until beginning of May is shown in the table below.
Table 1.4.3 Technical Working Group Meeting RecordDate Discussion Topic Participants
January 30, 2013 Topics: Introduction of the Project and groupdiscussion
Brief on preparation of the IntegratedUrban Development Plan (Mr. Rose K.Muema, Director of City Planning,Secretary of Technical Working Group
Presentation of the Inception Report for theIntegrated Urban Development Master Plan(JICA Project Team)
Formation of Thematic Working Group(Mr. Adolowa, Deputy Director, UrbanDevelopment Department (Chairman of theTechnical Working Group), JICA ProjectTeam
Thematic group discussion on activity and presentation
NCC (concerned departments) Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Local Government NEMA (National Environment
Management Authority) Kenya Railway NHC (National Housing Corporation) KURA(Kenya Urban Roads Authority) KPPRA(Kenya Institute of Public
Policy Research an Analysis) Kenya National Bureau of Statistics National Economic & Social Council
(NESC) Athi Water Services Board NCWSC (Nairobi City Water and
Sewerage Company) Communications Commission of
Kenya (CCK) Research Triangle Africa (RTA) University of Nairobi Kenya Institute of Planners (KIP) Architectural Association of Kenya
(AAK) Urban Designer Consultant World Bank UNEP (United Nations Environment
Programme) UN HABITAT MOPHS (Ministry of Public Health
and Sanitation) JKUAT (Jomo Kenyatta University of
Agriculture and Technology) KETRACO (Kenya Electricity
Transmission Company)April 24, 2013 Thematic Technical Working Group:
Urban transport (road, railway, airport) Infrastructure (water supply, waste water,
drainage)
MoH-Ministry of Health NEMA (National Environment
Management Authority) AWSB (Athi Water Services Board)
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Date Discussion Topic Participants Population and social system/urban
economy Environment
KURA-Kenya Urban Roads Authority KETRACO-Kenya Electricity
Transmission Company KIP-Kenya Institute of Planners GIBB (Consultant) NCC Nairobi City County
April 30, 2013 Thematic Technical Working Group: Land use & human settlements
(development vision, structure plan) Governance & institution Infrastructure (solid waste management)
RTA-Research Triangle Africa JST-JICA Study Team NCC Nairobi City County AAK-Architectural Association of
Kenya UON-University of Nairobi
May 6, 2013 Thematic Technical Working Group: Infrastructure (telecommunication, power)
Nairobi City County KETRACO (Kenya Electricity)
May 8, 2013 Thematic Technical Working Group: Land use & human settlements
(development vision, structure plan, CBD) Land use & human settlements (GIS
database: confirmation of boundary, data
require, issues)
KRC-Kenya Railways Corporation JST-JICA Study Team NCC Nairobi City County MONMED-Ministry of Nairobi
Metropolitan Development MOL-Ministry of Lands, Department
of Physical Planning The GODOWN Arts Centre SOK-Survey of Kenya, Ministry of
Lands UON-University of Nairobi
Source: JICA Study Team (JST)
(3) Secretariat Meeting
In addition to JCC and Technical Working Group agreed in the RD, Secretariat Meeting wasorganized in the Nairobi City County for the purpose of coordinating relevant departments,carrying out daily activity with the JICA Study Team and coordination with agencies outside
Nairobi City County. Secretariat meeting is conducted prior to Technical Working Group confirm Nairobi City County and the JICA Study Team can share views have mutual understanding of Nairobi urban development.
Table 1.4.4 Secretariat Meeting RecordDate Discussion Topic Participants
January 21, 2013 Topics: Introduction of the Project Introduction of the members Update on Master Plan (Director, City Planning
Department) Outline of the Study and activity until March
NCC (Nairobi City County) NEMA (National
Environment ManagementAgency)
KAA (Kenya AirportsAuthority)
NCWSC (Nairobi City Water
and Sewerage Company) JICA Sturdy TeamFebruary 6, 2013 Topics: Follow up of the Technical Working Group
Confirmation of activity and data needed Thematic working group activity discussion
NCC (Nairobi City County) NCWSC (Nairobi City Water
and Sewerage Company) JICA Study Team
April 18, 2013 Topic: Confirmation of activity until May and workinggroup schedule Explanation of activity (land use, urban transport
infrastructure, environment) Confirmation of thematic working group topics and
schedule
NCC (Nairobi City County) NCWSC (Nairobi City Water
and Sewerage Company) NCC (ICT) GIBB (consultant)
Source: JICA Study Team (JST)
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF CURRENTCONDITIONS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
2.1 Review of Current Natural and Socioeconomic Conditions
2.1.1 Current Natural Conditions
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1) School Enrolment
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Constitution of Kenya 2010
Urban Areas and Cities Act2011
(Give effect to Article 184 of theConstitution)
Physical Planning Act 1996(Provide or preparation andimplementation of physicaldevelopment plans, to be
replaced by Spatial Planning Act)
County Government Act 2012(Give effect to Chapter 11,
Devolved Government of theConstitution)
National Urban DevelopmentPolicy (draft)
National GovernmentCoordination Act 2013
(Give effect to Article 131 (1) (b)& 132 (39 (b) of the Constitution
Environmental andManagement
Coordination Act 1999
Building Code (1968)(Under revision)
National Land CommissionAct 2012
(Provide functions and power ofthe National Land Commission,
to give effect to objects andprinciples of the devolved
government)
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Policy, Act Coverage Relation with Urban Planning>$=0- A$&0. 0-1 ,232&.
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104 H%$& = 6)29;/ *)R(+9A(9; :.,44 -4,9 7)+ ;.( 6)29;/ ,9< 9) -23456 729
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4) Physical Planning Act Cap 286, 1996 (revised in 2010)
\./:56,4 \4,9959* =6; ],- "JK> $VVK %+(R5:(< 59 "P$P& -+)R5
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-+(-,+(< 3/ ;.( Y5+(6;)+ ?5;. +(7(+(96( ;) ,9/ ')R(+9A(9; 4,9 ;+2:; 4,9< )+ -+5R,;( 4,9<?5;.59 ;.( ,+(, )7 ,2;.)+5;/ )7 , 6)29;/ 6)29654 7)+ ;.( -2+-):( )7 5A-+)R59* ;.( 4,9< ,9<
-+)R5 2;545;5(: ,9< :(+R56(:> 6)AA(+65,4> 59 +(:5 59642 )-(9 :-,6(: ,9< +(:(+R(: ,9< ,4:) ;.( A,M59* )7:25;,34( -+)R5:5)9 7)+ ;.( 2:( )7 4,9< 7)+ 3254 A29565-,4> ;)?9 )+ 2+3,9 6)29654 )+ ?5;. +(7(+(96( ;) ,9/ ;+, , 4)6,4 -./:56,4
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6) Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999
0.5: =6;
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Vis ion8(9/,f: R5:5)9 5: ;) .,R( secure, well governed, competitive and sustainable cities and urban areas ;.,; 6)9;+532;( ;);.( ,6.5(R(A(9; )7 ;.( 3+),
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6)9
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%55& ])9:;+26;5)9 -(+A5;
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%O& ](+;5756,;( )7 )662-,96/
`](+;5756,;( )7 G662-,96/ %](+;5756,;( )7 ])A-45,96(&a 5: +(@25+(< ,7;(+ ;.( 6)A-4(;5)9 )76)9:;+26;5)9> 5::2,96( )7 ?.56. 5: 29
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-(+A5;H Z)95;)+59* ,9< 59:-(6;5)9 -,+; )7 ;.( -+)6(:: 5: 6)9:5 +(4(R,9; +24(: :26. ,: , :(+5(: )7(9R5+)9A(9;,4 6+5;(+5, ?(+(
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Table 2.2.2 Maximum Permissible Noise Levels (Leq)Y,/ X5*.;
=H B54(9; ^)9([ \4,6(: )7 ?)+:.5-]H 1(:5
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%N& c)+(:; =6; )7 "PPI
0.( c)+(:;: =6; "PPI> (9,6;(< 59 "PPN> -+)R5 59642 )7 7)+(:; +(:)2+6(: 7)+ ;.(:)65)#(6)9)A56 *+)29< ?,;(+ +(*24,;5)9 ,9< ,*+5624;2+(> ,9< -+)R5
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7)+(5*9 6)A-,95(: 59 8(9/, ;)?,+< , 6)A-(;5;5R( (6)9)A/ 59 ;.( C,:; =7+56,9 ])AA295;/ ,9< 59 ;.(*4)3,45E59* ?)+4
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%L& 0)2+5:A =6;
0.( 0)2+5:A =6; 5: ;) A,9,*(> A,+M(; ,9< +(*24,;( :2:;,59,34( ;)2+5:A ,9< ;)2+5:A#+(4,;(<,6;5R5;5(: ,9< :(+R56(: 3/ 6.,9*59* ;.( A,9,*(A(9; ,9< :;+26;2+( )7 +(4,;(< 59:;5;2;5)9:H 0.( ,6;
-,::(< ;.( -,+45,A(9; 59 "P$$ 59642
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2.3 Roles ad Tasks of Related Organizations
2.3.1 Urban Planning
0.( ')R(+9A(9; )7 8(9/,> 59642 5: 59 ;.( ;+,9:5;5)9,4
:;,*( 3,:(< )9 ;.( ])9:;5;2;5)9 "P$P ,9< :23)+ ;.( Z595:;+/ )7 S,9 ,9< ;.( Z595:;+/ )7 X,5+)35 Z(;+)-)45;,9 Y(R(4)-A(9;Hc296;5)9: )7 (,6. A595:;+/ ,+( :2AA,+5E(< 59 ;.( 7)44)?59* ;,34(H
Table 2.3.1 Ministries Related to Urban Planning (Old Structure)a$F0-2^032 -.( _#-%32 -.
]2-2.3$4 "; ["%0: T"J&$-8&-3C>$=0- 6&J&:"78&-3 6&70$38&-3D
R&.7"-.2=:& ;"$ 80-0F2-F :"%0: F"J&$-8&-3 8033&$. C7":2%490..2.3 :"%0: 0#3H"$234 ;"$ 7:0--2-FD
>$=0- 6&J&:"78&-3 6&70$38&-3 2. $&.7"-.2=:& ;"$ #$=0-1&J&:"78&-3 C802- "$F0-2^032"- ;"$ 7$&70$2-F
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!"#$%& ' ?@,A !3#14 B&08 C?!BDFigure 2.3.1 Organization Chart of NCC
]5;/ \4,9959* Y(-,+;A(9; 5: 6)A-):(< )7 (5*.; :(6;5)9:H c)44)?59* ;,34( :.)?: ;.( ;,34( 3(4)?H
Table 2.3.3 Tasks of Sections in City Planning Department&%32 -( ? =(6&.%$2732 -(
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CdD 5-;"$%&8&-3 !&%32"- R&.7"-.2=:& ;"$ 2-.7&%32"- 0-1 8"-23"$2-F "; 1&J&:"78&-3077$"J&1 =4 6&J&:"78&-3 ,"-3$": !&%32"- 0-1 U":2%4@87:&8&-3032"- !&%32"-S
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2.3.2 Environment
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\+(:5 ,9< ;.( Y(-,+;A(9; )71(:)2+6( B2+R(/: ,9< 1(A);( B(9:59* %Y1B1B&H e)?(R(+> 7)44)?59* *)R(+9A(9; +(:;+26;2+59*>6)9
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1) Investment Promotion and Industrial Infrastructure
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=::5:;,96( 59 )3;,5959* ,9/ 9(6(::,+/ 456(9:(: ,9< -(+A5;:> =::5:;59* 59 )3;,5959* 596(9;5R(: )+ (U(A-;5)9: 29 ;.( ]2:;)A:
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55& 8(9/, F9
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2.4 Review of Existing Urban Master Plans
2.4.1 History of Nairobi
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Table 2.4.1 Historical Change of Population of Nairobip(,+ \)-24,;5)9
%$>PPP&=R(+,*( =992,4'+)?;. 1,;( %W&
1(A,+M
$VPK $$ $:;
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%55& = A,59 :;+((; 7+)A ;.( +,54.(, ?.56. ?,: 6,44(< B;,;5)9 1),< %;)?,: 4,5< )2; 7+)A ;.( :;,;5)9 ;) 9)+;.> ?5;. , $JVJ ,9<
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0.( \4,9 7)+ , B(;;4(+ ],-5;,4 ?,:
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F9 ;.( :(6;5)9 )7 -.,:59* )7 , JJO>PPPH
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!"#$%&' 5BG !3#12" I0.&:9 G2.3"$4 "; >$=0- U:0--2-F 2-
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Table 2.4.2 Part of Nairobi City Development Ordinances and Zones
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The Project on Integrated Urban Development Master Plan for the City of Nairobi in the Republic of Kenya
Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. " # IP Interim Report IDCJ Inc. EJEC Inc.
Table 2.4.4 Population of NMRSr. No. Spatial Units 2009 2030 1 NMR
D+3,912+,4
6,658,000L>V"L>"JK$>NOO>N$L
15,131,435$O>PNO>LIV
">PIN>VNK2 Nairobi City 3,138,369 5,212,5003 ONMR
D+3,912+,4
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9,918,935N>JKP>VIV">PIN>VNK
4a Northern MetroD+3,912+,4
1,786,879VV$>JI"NVI>P"N
4,971,173L>$JN>O$I
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D+3,912+,4
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D+3,912+,4
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The Project on Integrated Urban Development Master Plan for the City of Nairobi in the Republic of Kenya
Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. " # I" Interim Report IDCJ Inc. EJEC Inc.
Table 2.4.6 List of New Towns ProposedNo New Towns Characteristics
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The Project on Integrated Urban Development Master Plan for the City of Nairobi in the Republic of Kenya
Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. " # IO Interim Report IDCJ Inc. EJEC Inc.
No New Towns Characteristics12.30-%& "; 077$"Z2803&:4 /K* X8 ;$"8 ,I69
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