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Name : Form:..

Chapter 1 - Scientific Investigation

Q8.1. Diagram 8.1 below shows an experiment is carried out to find the relationship

between the length of a pendulum and the period of oscillations .

string

retort stand

pendulum

Diagram 8.1

a) State the hypothesis of the experiment

.(1 mark)

b) State the variables in the experiment.

i. Manipulated variable:

ii. Responding variable :

iii.Controlled variable : (3 marks)

Length ofpendulum(cm) 20 40 60 80 100Time taken for 1oscillations (sec) 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

Table 8.1

c Based on the data in the table 8.1 above,

i) What is the length of the pendulum that has the fastest swing.

.( 1 mark)

ii) What is the length of the pendulum that has the slowest swing.

..(1 mark)

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d( i) Based on the table above , plot a graph

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Time (s)

Length of the pendulum (cm) (2 mark)

0 20 40 60 80 100

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(ii) If the length of the pendulum is 50cm ,predict the time taken to complete oneoscillation.

..(1 mark)

P R

Q

Diagram 8.1(b)

e. Diagram 8.1(b) above shows a pendulum swing from P to Q and back to PDefine the meaning of one oscillation.

..(1 mark)

f. What is the conclusion of the experiment.

.(2 mark)

Q8.2. A group of student carried out an experiment to study the relationship between the

length of pendulum and the period of the pendulum swings. Diagram 8.2 shows theapparatus set up of the experiment. In this experiment, the pendulum of differentlength is used. The period for ten complete swings is recorded for the respectivelengths of the pendulum.

Diagram 8.2

string

Pendulum

bob

Retort stand

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(a ) Record the period for then complete swings for the respective length of thependulum in the spaces provided.

Length of pendulum = 10 cm

Period for 10 complete swings

= 10.0 seconds

Length of pendulum = 20 cm

Period for 10 complete swings

= seconds

Length of pendulum = 30 cm

Period for 10 complete swings

= seconds

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Length of pendulum = 40 cm

Period for 10 complete swings

= seconds

Length of pendulum = 50 cm

Period for 10 complete swings

= seconds

( 2 marks)

( b ) Complete Table 8.2 by recording the period for 10 complete swings. Then,calculate

the period for one complete swing.

Length of the pendulum( cm )

Period for ten completeswing ( s )

Period for one completeswing ( s )

10 10.0 1.020304050

Table 8.2( 2 marks)

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( c ) Based on Table 8.2, plot a graph for the period of one complete swing against thelength of the pendulum.

d( i) Based on the table above , plot a graph

d ) Based on the graph, state the relationship between the length of the pendulumand the period of the pendulum swing.

.. ( 1 mark)

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Time (s)

Length of the pendulum (cm) (2 mark)

0 10 20 30 40 50

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( e ) State the variables involved in this experiment.

Manipulated variableResponding variableConstant variable

( 3 marks)

( f ) Based on the graph ,predict the period for one complete swing if the pendulum witha length of 25 cm is used in the experiment.

. ( 1 mark)

( g ) State the conclusion of the experiment.

..

..

( 1 mark)

Q8.3. Diagram 8.3 shows a scene at the playground. The three children on the swings

are trying to solve a problem of who can swing faster. One child suggests thatthe length affects the time taken while another child thinks that it has to do withtheir mass.

Diagram 8.3

(a) Based on your observation in Diagram 8.1, state the difference in the time taken bythe child in P, Q and R can swing fastest.

.

.( 1 mark)

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(b) What inference can be made based on the Diagram 8.3?

..

..( 1 mark)

(c) State one hypothesis based on your observation in Diagram 8.3.

.

.( 1 mark)

Diagram 8.4 Diagram 8.5

(d) Diagram 8.3 shows an activity planned to investigate how the length of a simple

pendulum affects its swing. In Diagram 8.4, the pendulum bob is pulled to point Aand released so that it swings to B and C.

( i ) How you want to consider it is a complete oscillation if the pendulum bobrelease form A.

( 1 mark)(e) State the variables involved in this activity.

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controlled variable Mass of pendulum bob/angle of release

( 2 mark)

A

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(f) Based on Diagram 8.4, record the readings of the stopwatch in Table 8.5.

( 2 marks)

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(g) Based on Table 8.5, draw a graph of time taken or one swing against length ofstring.

( 2 mark)

(h) Predict the time taken for one swing when the length of the string is 20 cm.

.( 1 mark)

(i) Based on the graph, state the relationship between the length of the string and the

time taken for one swing?

..( 1 mark)

Time for one oscillation

(second)

Length of pendulum (cm)