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O l Ontology Representation Representation اﻛﺮاﻣﻲ آﻻ ﻓﺮد
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Page 1: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

O lOntology RepresentationRepresentation

فردآال اكرامي

Page 2: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

فهرستا وب معنايي•

آنتولوژي •زبان هاي نمايش آنتولوژي••RDF

–RDFs

–RDFa –RDFa•OWL

Page 3: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

The Intelligence is in the Connectionstio

n

Web 4 0

Intelligent Web

en In

form

a

2010 - 2020

2020 - 2030

SPARQL

Web 3.0

Web 4.0

Semantic Databases

Distributed Search

Intelligent personal agents

OWL SWRLSemantic Web

Web OS

tions

bet

we

Social Networking

JavascriptWeblogs

HTTP WikiDi t P t l

2000 - 2010

RSS Widgets

Office 2.0

XML

RDF

SPARQLAJAX

SOAP

Mashups

Social Media Sharing

ATOM Semantic SearchSemantic Databases

JavaSaaS

Web 2.0 Flash

HTML

P2P

The Web

OpenIDSocial Web

Con

nect

Soc a et o g

GroupwareDatabases

HTTPKeyword Search

Wikis

Websites

Directory Portals

Web 1.0 1990 - 2000

Fil S

Lightweight Collaboration

SaaS

SGML

SQLGopherThe PC

Windows

MacOS

BBS

MMO’s

VR

Email

File Systems

USENET

PC Era1980 - 1990

PC’s

FTP IRC

File ServersThe Internet

Connections between people

Page 4: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

ا ا

وب معناييمعنا بخشيدن به محتويات وب•.عالوه بر انسان براي ماشين هم قابل فهم و پردازش است•.وسيله ماشينها قابل پردازش است هاي هوشمند كه بهداده•:استفاده از تكنولوژي وب معنايي در• ي

مطالعات علمي–تحليل ادبي–يافتن كاال در يك مركز خريد نزديك منزل–برنامه ريزي تعطيالت––...

Page 5: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

syntaxوsemanticتفاوت

I love travel

Page 6: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34
Page 7: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

وب معنايي چه كمكي مي كندا ا جستجو هوشمندانه تر در صفحات وب•

بهبود نتايج بازيابي شده توسط موتور جستجو•

Page 8: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

آنتولوژي.مدلي است براي نمايش دانش•.نمايش مجموعه مفاهيم و روابط بين اين مفاهيم•.بيان بخشي از اطالعات، نمايش كامل با استفاده از استنتاج•: عناصر اصلي آنتولوژي• ي

مفاهيم–يويژگي ها– ويژارتباط بين مفاهيم–

Page 9: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

آنتولوژيواژگان+ساختار=اصطالحات•قوانين و محدوديت روابط +اصطالحات=آنتولوژي•نمونه ها+آنتولوژي=پايگاه دانش•

افزايش دقت جستجو در وب•

Page 10: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

آنتولوژيآ آ .آنتولوژي شامل كالس ها و روابط بين آنهاست•

person organizationhas employer

Todd Spry, Inchas employer

p y

Page 11: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

TRIPLETRIPLE TRIPLEنمايش كالس ها و خصوصات با•

• triple( subject, predicate, object)

bj t bj tpredicate

Todd Spry, Inchas employer

subject objectpredicate

odd Sp y, c

Page 12: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

xmlاف ا ا ا ا ا ا ا گ ا ا زبان نشانه گذاري براي ارائه اسناد ساخت يافته•

ساختار استاندارد براي داده ها•ذخيره داده هاي خود توصيف•نپردازش راحت اسناد توسط ماشين• ش پ

Page 13: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

• html:

<h2>Relationship Force force</h2><h2>Relationship Force-force</h2>

<i> F = M * a </i>

l• xml:<equation><meaning>Relationship force-mass

</ meaning >

<leftside>F</ leftside >

<rightside>M*a</ rightside >

</equation>

Page 14: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

XMLكافي نيستا ا ا ا ط ال ا عدم اعمال شرط معنايي روي مفاهيم داده ها•

عدم پشتيباني از درك معنا و مفهوم داده ها•

نبا اين وجود•–XML زيربناي دستوري وب معنايي

Page 15: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFا ا چارچوب شرح منابع•

كوچكترين جزء آنتولوژي•نمايش اشياء و روابط بين آنها•xmlمبتني بر• ر يمفاهيم اصلي•

بعمنابع–ويژگي ها–ت– ا هاع هاعبارت

Page 16: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFمفاهيما منابع•

ويژگي ها•.بيان مي شوندURIمنابع و ويژگي ها توسط•

–Uniform Resource Identifiersعبارت•

–subject, predicate, objectj , p , j

Dave likes cookies

subject predicate object

<#dave> <pref:likes> <#cookies>.

Page 17: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFيك سند<?xml version="1 0"?><?xml version 1.0 ?><rdf:RDFxmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#

l i "htt // 3 h l / df/">xmlns:si="http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3schools.com"><si:title>W3Schools</si:title><si:author>Jan Egil Refsnes</si:author>

</rdf:Description></rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

Page 18: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFS (RDF Schema)RDF RDFيك تعميم معنايي براي•

مشابه زبان هاي شيء گرا•شامل مشخصه هاي•

–rdfs:class

–rdfs:property

–rdfs:subclassofis sibling of–rdfs:subpropertyof

is sibling of is brother of

Page 19: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFS-XML example<?xml version="1.0"?>

<rdf:RDFxmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"

l b "htt // i l f k / i l #">xml:base="http://www.animals.fake/animals#">

<rdf:Description rdf:ID="animal"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>

</ df D i ti ></rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:ID="horse"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>< df bCl Of df "# i l"/><rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#animal"/>

</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

Page 20: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFa (RDF – in – attributes) RDFXHTML XHTMLدر داخل كدهايRDFتعبيه عبارات•

:افزودن مجموعه اي از صفات •– About

– rel and rev

– src, href and resource

– Propertyp y– content

– Datatypeyp

Page 21: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFaساختن يك سه گانه درنمايش نام كامل يك فرد•

<body xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>b ”#j ” ”f f ”<span about=”#jane” property=”foaf:name”>

Jane mcJanerson

</span>

</body>

jane Jane mcJanerson

name

Page 22: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFa<body xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

<span about=”#jane” instanceof=” foaf:person” property=”foaf:name” >property= foaf:name >

Jane mcJanerson

</span></span>

</body>

Page 23: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

RDFa<body xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns com/foaf/0 1/>body xmlns:foaf http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

<span about=”#jane” instanceof=” foaf:person” property=”foaf:name”> Jane mcJanerson</span>

<span about=”#mac” instanceof=” foaf:person” property=”foaf:name”> Mac McMacerson</span>

f f<span about=”# jane” rel=”foaf:khows” resource=”#mac” >Jan is friends with Mac</span>

</body>

Page 24: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

OWLزبان هستي شناسي وب•زباني براي نمايش مفاهيم وب•xmlمبتني بر•

جپشتيباني از استدالل و استنتاج• و ل ز ي پسه زير زبان•

–OWL FullOWL Full

–OWL DL

OWL Lite –OWL Lite

Page 25: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

OWL.نيازبه پشتيباني از استدالل كارا و قدرت بيان مطمئن زبان•

• OWL Full

• OWL DL (Description Logic)( p g )• OWL Lite

Page 26: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

OWLسندl Cl df ID “ i P f ”<owl:Class rdf:ID=“associateProfessor”>

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=“#academicStaffMember”/>

</owl:Class></owl:Class>

<owl:Class rdf:about=“#associateProfessor”><owl:disjointWith rdf:resource=“#professor”/>

<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource=“#assistantProfessor”/>

/ l Cl</owl:Class>

Page 27: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

OWLو RDFمقايسهO lRDFRDF •Owl بر اساس نحوRDFوRDFsساخته شده

•Owlزبان قوي تري استو قابليت تفسير بهتر براي داراي لغات بيشتر و نحو قوي تر•

ماشين”عدم اشتراك كالسها“توانايي نمايش•ستركيب بولي كالس ها• ي بو يب ر

Page 28: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

نر م افزارها•Protégé

–OWL-based

–Fact++ reasoner

–SPARQL

•JENA

Page 29: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

ProtégéProtégé

Page 30: Name of presentation - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadfumblog.um.ac.ir/gallery/344/ontology.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Name of presentation Author ekrami Created Date 3/10/2013 8:34:34

با تشكر


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