Date post: | 12-Apr-2017 |
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Nilwala Kottegoda
SMART N FERTILIZER for EINSTEIN FARMERS
Bench to Field
2
Feeding 7 Billion World Population?
One billion people suffer from chronic hunger
Scientific American, Nov. 2011
For Better Crop Yields??
Plant nutrients
Agrochemicals
Food plays a major role for good health
Good agriculture practices are the
key to quality crop yields
Innovations and Nanotechnology 2009
> 6000 patents
< 400 patents
“You can shoot it in my veins but don’t make me eat it.”
Current Issues with Fertilizer
6
Low solubility and complexation
leads to lower absorption by plants.
50 – 70 % wasted as emissions
and as water soluble compounds,
leading to lower efficiency and
several environmental issues
Rock phosphate Potash
High solubility and
unavailablity for plants
Balance between all 3 nutrients is essential for healthy crop yields
Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency by Major Cereals
• Nitrogen use efficiency … “rarely exceeds 70% ……. often ranges from 30-60%”
• “conversion of N inputs to products for arable crops can be 60-70% or even more” (Kitchen and Goulding, 2001)
Nitrogen Revolution
For Better Crop Yields??
Can Slow Dance of a Molecule Contribute Global Fertilizer Issues??
Challenge - Cost Effective - Efficient - Environmentally Friendly
Veranja Karunaratne, Nilwala Kottegoda, Ajith De Alwis, Nanotechnology in a World Out of Balance, Journal of National Science Foundation, 2012 40: 3-8.
1.
Slow release N with improved P availability???
Can we use nature’s rules???
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in collagon fibers
A Platform for slow release fertilizer applications
Bench scale validation and characterization
O
O
O
O
C
C C
C
N
N
N
N
N N
N N
HA nanoparticle
Possible Bonding Modes
XPS, FTIR and Raman characterizations reveled the change in electron density around N P, Ca
N 40% P2O5 6%
Urea modified Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Average particle diameter 20- 60 nm
Bench – Mini pilot plant
HA – Urea Nanofertilizer system
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Treatment
Granular urea
U- HA Nanofertilizer
T1 - No fertilizer
T2 - Granular urea (total of 100 kg/ha) as three applications at two weeks intervals
after seeds were broadcasted, 30, 40 and 30 kg/ha, respectively
T3 – urea-HA nanohybrid (6:1) (total of 50 kg/ha equal to 50% of DOA) as three
applications at two weeks intervals after seeds were broadcasted, 15, 20 and 15
kg/ha, respectively
Fertilizer Usage (2007-2012)
Year
Total Fertilizer
Qty(Mt)
2007 666,349
2008 743,646
2009 900,000
2010 933000
2012 923,000
19
30 % recovery
Recovery of urea 158,000 mt
Urea imports - 2011 528,000 mt
Urea losses 210,000 mt
Cost for urea US $ 132 M
lost of money US $ 308 M
Cost for urea US $ 440 M
70 % lost to the environment
Saving of 10 % urea estimated to save US $ 44 M, while minimizing the affects to the environment.
Data obtained from fertilizer secretariat
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
World and regional growth I n fertilizer demand, 2014 to 2018
N 1S XPS Spectra
Ca 2p XPS Spectra
P 2p XPS Spectra
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis
Urea HA only HA-Urea