nano in packaging - ILSI...

C Simoneau, ILSI expert Workshop on nanotechnologies for food packaging, 08-10.02.2012 ‹#›

NOTES

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nano in packaging coming to a fridge near you…

Catherine Simoneau

European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Health and Consumer Protection

European Union Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Materials


overview

Introduction

Overview of current and

projected applications

Potential benefits and safety

considerations

Current knowledge gaps


Everyone talks about it…


Nanomaterials

Nanotechnology: processes or manipulation of materials at a size range

in the nanometer scale

Nanomaterials: one or more dimensions of <100um and affecting the

materials’ behaviour and properties Nanomaterials can show different properties from conventional bulk equivalents;

Small size = large surface area = greater functionality per equivalent mass;

The types of materials produced can be at the nanoscale in one dimension (very thin coatings),

two dimensions (nanowires and nanotubes) or

three dimensions (nanoparticles).

Novel properties of materials = novel products /applications

Fast growing multi-sector applications


Current and projected applications of

nanotechnologies

Novel properties of materials = novel products and

applications;

Fast growing multi-sector applications


Nano in Food & Related Applications

Applications of Nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: barrier materials, antimicrobials and

sensors , J. Coll. Surf. Sci (2011) doi 10.1016


* Cientifica report, 2006, ** Nanoposts report, 2008

Food Packaging Applications

Nanotechnology applications for the food sector are new and

emerging;

Food packaging is the largest area of application within the

food sector:

The market for food packaging containing

nanomaterials has been predicted to reach

$360m in 2008 and $20bn by 2020*

Currently clay particles at the nanoscale

are the most common application

They are less expensive to produce than

other nanomaterials because full scale

facilities already exist and basic materials

available from natural sources.

Promising market for nanoclay multilayer

PET bottles

Nanoclay: about 70% market volume

*Agrifood Report 2010


Applications areas of nanotechnology in

food packaging

Nanowerk , 2006 Smolander, 2009


Barrier composites

Example: Nanoclay-polymer nanocomposites with

improved barrier to permeation of gases Nanoclay composites made with PA, nylons, polyolefins, PS, EVA

copolymer, epoxy resins, polyurethane, and PET

Some nanoclay-polymer composites are already produced and used at

commercial scales – e.g. by some beverage companies

Smolander, 2009


Barrier additive and coatings

Nanotitanium nitride mechanical strength and as a processing aid

NanoAluminium (as coating) Used in flexible packaging Nanotechnology to improve properties of foil surface

High barrier properties for gases (CO2 and oxygen) UV screening effect Antiadhesive coating Colour coatings Coatings reducing heat reflection

E.g. antiadhesive coating or black coating of baking foil which does not reflect heat in an oven,

Silicon dioxide (PET, gas barrier, as plasma coating)

*Agrifood Report 2010


Biobased materials

Biomass based production targeting same performance, and better life cycle/ recyclability

Light weight, barriers

Bioreplacement of synthetic polymers Nanocellulose: low grammage, high strength, Coatings, films, foams composite adhesives. Use of enzymes to functionalise biopolymers (use as

biocatalysts, e.g. hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, cellulase, crosslinking enzymes such as transferase and oxydative enzymes)

Examples PLA modified with montmorillonite (to decrease O2

permeability) Starch based polymer, pectin with nanoclay (improvement of

moisture barrier)

Smolander, 2009


Technology Readiness Levels for nano

enabled biopolymers

http://www.observatorynano.eu/project/catalogue/2AG.FO/

Focus Report 2010: Nanotechnology for Biodegradable and Edible Food Packaging

http://www.observatorynano.eu/project/catalogue/2AG.FO/


“Active” composites: antimicrobial

Nanosilver Antibacterial, antibiotic

Sunscreen and UV (A/B) properties

Dishwasher, freezer safe

Hard to break and antistatic

Embedded permanently

Nanotitanium 5nm = 1/200 size of traditional antibacterial agents

Antibacterial, anti odour (deo), trap for dust particles

e.g. in ultrafine filters for air circulated in fridge

compartment

Nano ZnO (nano MgO) do not discolour, does not require UV to get activated)

Odour elimination (deo effect)

Triple clean system incl

nanoTi filter, negative

ion generator and

multiflow

Surface biocide!!


“Active” composites

UV absorber nanoparticles (e.g. TiO2) to

prevent UV degradation in transparent

plastics such as PS, PE, PVC.

Oxygen scavengers (Iron and iron oxides) Mix with nanoparticulate iron to improve O2 absorption

due to increased surface area

Nanocomposite (see before Aegis for PET, mix of

embedded O2 scavenger and nanoclay particles)


Integrity/

leakage

Time/

Temperature

Freshness/

spoilage

Nanotechnology derived intelligent packaging

nanoparticle based intelligent inks (leakage - MAP)

Nanosensors with luminescent protein to bind to bacteria

DNA based biochips to detect pathogens or toxin producing fungi

Safety requirements non-toxic & compatible with

legislation reliability of products waste issues

Intelligent Packaging for food safety

Bioterrorism?


Nanotechnology for brand protection DNA based inks: DNA code for brand owner

Nanobarcodes: encodable, encodeable, machine-readable,

durable, sub-micron sized taggant

manufactured by electroplating inert metals- such as gold, nickel, platinum, or silver- into templates that define the particle diameter, and then releasing the resulting striped nano-rods from the templates

Safety requirements non-toxic & compatible with

legislation reliability of products waste issues

Smolander, 2009

Intelligent Packaging for brand protection

and traceability

Nanobarcode particles with different patterns of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) stripes.

Template-directed synthesis of Nanobarcodes particles.


Nano coatings

Antimicrobial, scratch resistant, antireflective or corrosion

resistant surfaces Nanoparticulate form of a metal, metal oxide or film resin substance with

nanoparticles

Antimicrobial coatings –Hygienic surfaces e.g. silver, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide;

Antibacterial kitchenware, cutting boards, teapots.

Also nanoemulsions for decontamination of food packaging equipment

High barrier nanocoatings Gas-barrier coatings – e.g. silica; amorphous carbon

Self-cleaning surfaces - hydrophobic coatings for hard-to-

reach parts of machinery and conveyer belts etc – e.g. silica

and lipid nano-structures.


N a n o p a r t i c l e s

Skin Gut Lung

Inhalation Skin application Ingestion

Other cells and tissues

?

Safety concerns

Scientific evidence indicates that: Nanoparticles may cross cellular barriers, and therefore may reach

unintended part of the body

exposure to some insoluble/ biopersistent nanoparticles via food may

cause concern over adverse health effects


Questions/concerns

What migrates out of packaging? As nanoparticles? (e.g. nanocomposites with nanoclay metals)

What concentration and number of ENP

What types (size, shape, etc)

What about the effect of incorporation of ENP to migration from the –now

modified- plastic polymers themselves?

What types of components (metals, mix organic-inorgaic, synergies)

What methods, how to validate methods (e.g. if microscopic)

Establishment of uncertainty of measurement for compliance

Accreditation 17025? – reference materials for PTs?

How it affects consumer safety and organoleptic quality of food?

Are there any environmental implications?

How will consumers perceive the new packaging materials?


Knowledge gaps: on biopolymers

Are migration patterns different in biopolymer

composites? – edible packaging/ coatings?

Possible effects on biodegradability of bio-polymers

containing antimicrobial nanoparticles?

Effects of reactive nanoparticle surfaces on quality of

packaged food products – catalytic oxidation/

peroxidation of food components?

Potential environmental implications of disposal?

Nanosensors – privacy and liability issues?


Needed Regulatory aspects

Nanotechnology developments will need to be covered

under existing regulatory frameworks;

Food applications of nanotechnologies would come

under existing risk assessment and approval processes

in Europe and other countries;

Existing models for risk assessment are applicable;

some modifications may be needed in testing

methodologies.


22

Challenges

Main challenges : definitions, validated methods for detection/ characterisation, and

assessment of hazard/exposure/safety;

Main safety concerns relate to insoluble, persistent

and/or reactive nanoparticles. EFSA Scientific Opinion (2011) provides guidance on Risk Assessment

issues.


Summary

Nanotechnology applications offer a lot of promise: Innovative and ımproved packaging materıals to keep food safe and

hygeınıc during transit and storage;

Extend shelf-life of packaged food products – less food waste;

Intellıgent packagıng concepts – spoilage and integrity aspects

‘Smart’ packagıng comcepts - to ensure food safety and authenticity;

Applications need to be developed in a manner that is

both beneficial and safe. Knowledge gaps to fill

Ensuring framework for RA and RM

Industry due diligence


The content of this lecture does not necessarily represent the position

of the European Commission or the EU Member States

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