Nano Technology in Pharmaceutical Innovations.

7/30/2019 Nano Technology in Pharmaceutical Innovations.

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NANO TECHNOLOGY OR MAGIC BULLETIN MEDICAL SCIENCE ?

Dr. Shruti BhatPhD. MBA

Website : Http://www.drshrutibhat.com

Blog :

Http://www.Pharm-Education.comCopyrighted material.

Disclaimer :This presentation has been compiled for educational purposes only and for free dissemination of information within the scientific community. It does not have any commercial or other implications.The author thanks all those related with picture / diagram , reference sources cited in this

presentation.
http://www.drshrutibhat.com/http://www.pharm-education.com/http://www.pharm-education.com/http://www.drshrutibhat.com/


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OUT LINE OF TALK Nano science, definitions, rationale and advantages of

nano technology. Different nano materials and their possible applications in

medicine. Different types of nano technology available; Case studiesand reviews.

Regulatory considerations for nano technology drugs Nano business environment. Nano technology products on the horizon. Nano technology current news updates. Closing thoughts.


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NANO OBSERVED

Life sciences :- drug delivery, Lab-on- a chip, drugdesign.

Security :- molecular barcoding, chemical detection. Materials :- powder, polymers. Electronics :- LCD, semi-conductors, memory. Energy :- Solar cells, fuel cells, membranes. Nano tools :- STM. AFMs.


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Definition :-

Nano particles are solid colloidal particles ranging in sizefrom 10 nm to 1000nm (1 micron). They consist of

macromolecular materials in which the active principle isdissolved, entrapped or encapsulated and/or to which theactive principle is adsorbed or attached to and can be usedfor therapeutic disease management, silicon chip, bio-medical applications etc.


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The application of nano materials for medical diagnosis,treatment of failing organs or prevention and cure of humandiseases is generally referred to as nano- medicine.

Whereas the branch of nano- medicine devoted to thedevelopment of bio-degradable or non-bio dgradable

prostheses falls within the purview of nano-biomedicalscience and engineering.


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Some terms in Nano-science include:-

Nano structure :- 1 to 100 nm. Nano- crystals :- Crystalline solid with grain sizes 1to 100

nm.

Nano coatings :- individual layers or multi-layer surfacecoating in the range 1 to 100 nm.

Nano powders :- extremely fine powders with average particles size in range of 1 to 100 nm.

Nano fibres :- fibers with a diameter in the range of 1 to100 nm.


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Then why nano tech based drug products ?

Because of their combination of properties- including sub-cellular size and controlled release capability andsusceptibility to external activation- devices/delieverysystems produced using nano technology enable newapplications in biological and medical science and focus onformulating therapeutics agents in bio-compatible nanocomposites such as nano particles, nano capsules, micellar

systems and conjugates.


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Nanosizing=Nanotechnology ?

Not necessarily !!!!!


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Nanosizing of Drugs

Deals with Particle size reduction of drugs . And leads to: Increase surface area. Enhance solubility. Increase rate of dissolution. Increase oral bio-availability. Produce rapid onset of therapeutic action. Decrease the dose needed. Decrease fed/fasted variability. Decrease patient to patient variability.


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What is Nano technology?

Research and technology development at the atomic or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1-100 nmrange ..by

Creating and using structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small or intermediate size.and has

Ability to control or manipulate on the atomic scale .offering

Solutions to human health challenges in treating cancer, neurologicaland psychiatric disorders, vaccines, gene therapy and proteintherapeutics.


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Rationale and evolution of concept of nano

technology-

The fact that most drugs have not only positive pharmacological effects , but they also exhibit side effects ,makes the concept of drug targeting very attractive. Thisconcept was visualised by Paul Ehrlich in 19 th C where inhe described a magic bullet which guides a drug directlyinto its target cell and the drug will not affect surrounding

cells.


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Advantages of nano technology for drug therapy :-

1. Rapidly growing area of science.2. Anticipated to lead to the development of NDDS.

3. Private sector, academia and federal agencies spendmore on this area of science.4. Permits solubilization of insoluble and chargeable drugs.5. Long plasma circulation especially to achieve sustained

release of drugs.


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Advantages of nano technology for drug therapy contd./-

6. Passive targeting:- Nano particles provide targeted(cellular/tissue) delivery of drugs , to improve oral

bioavailability, to sustain drug/gene effect in target tissue,to solubilize drugs for intravascular delivery and toimprove the stability of therapeutic agents againstenzymatic degradation, especially of proteins, peptides andnucleic acid drugs.


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Advantages of nano technology for drug therapy contd./-

7. Active targeting: Due to their subcellular and sub-micronsize, nano particles can penetrate deep into tissues throughfine capillaries, cross the fenestration present in theepithelial lining (e.g.liver) and are generally taken upefficiently by the cells. This allows efficient delivery of thetherapeutic agents to target sites in the body.


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Active targeting..

8. By modulating polymer characteristics, one can control the release of therapeutic agent from nano particles to achieve desired therapeuticlevel in target tissue for required duration for optimal therapeutic

efficacy.

9. Nano particles can be delivered to distant target sites either bylocalized delivery using a catheter based approach with a minimalinvasive procedure or they can be conjugated to a bio-specific ligand

which could direct them to the target tissue or organ .


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PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY

AVAILABLE


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Four different types of nano-technology are

available :1. Polymersomes :- eg. Dendrimers.2. Hydro gel matrices :- e.g. micelles, dendrimers- micelle

combination.3. Bio-degradable nano particles :- e.g. red blood cells,

gelatin, PEG etc.4. Nano vesicles/ nano fiber mats : e.g. buckey balls, nano

mats etc.

1-3 are normally used in delivery systems and 4 primarilyused in implants.


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Polymersomes have a significant advantage due to their stability, the ability to introduce multiple functions easilyand to engineer the ideal micro- environmental for themolecule, while eliminating leakiness. For e.g., to achieveoral administration of proteins, insulin, vaccines (wheremucosal response is desired) and other biologicals, thistechnology is being co-developed with hydrogel matrice

technology


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Nano vesicles and nanofiber mats are echogenic contrastagents, which are amenable to parenteral administration,offering the dual capability of drug delivery and tissue /celltargeting. The stabilized micro bubbles/ contrast agentswhen exposed to an ultrasonic beam at the imaged area,can be stimulated to release its contents , therebydelivering the drug to the visualized area.


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Complex nucleic acids with modified spermines, whichhave been shown to result in cell specific targeting. Thegoal is to develop hepatocte and macrophage targetingcomplexes of DNA. The former is for gene therapy, whilethe latter serves to enable genetic vaccines to beefficacious.


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NANO MATERIALS-CARRIERS


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Requirements of an ideal vector (or NANO MATERIAL ) for drug targeting are as follows:-

1. Carrier is capable of extended circulation in the bloodstream.

2. It must be small enough to gain access to target tissues

and tarot cells.3. It must have flexible tropisms for applicability in a range

of disease targets.4. It must be able to deliver the active moiety into the cells

and following endocytosis and5. It must be capable of escaping endosome lysosome

processing.


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Nanomaterials

Multifunctional materials that interact with biological systems in wellcontrolled ways

Exhibit unique properties and functions because of their small size. Include such structures as:

Carbon nanostructures . Dendrimers. Metal oxides (FeO, TiO2, ZnO). Quantum dots (CdSe).

Some liposomes. Engineered gene circuits, Chitosan, PEG, PEG coated lactic acid,

polyalkyl cyanoacrylate, polyglutaraldehyde, gelatin, solid lipidnanoparticales, silicon micro-chip.


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Dendrimers

Spherical polymeric molecules Series of chemical shells built on a small core

molecule (each shell is called a generation). Made from a core and alternating layers of 2

monomers: acrylic acid and diamine. Molecular structure has the form of a tree with

many branches. Can serve as nano-devices for delivery of

therapeutics.


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Dendrimer Structure


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Applications of dendrimers in nanotechnology based drug product

development Biologic nanodevices based on

dendrimers are being developedwith the potential to : Recognize Cancer cells Diagnose cause of cancer Delivery of drug to target Report location of tumor Report outcome of therapy

(cancer cell death) (http://www.nano.med.umich.e

du, James Baker, Univ. of Michigan)
http://www.nano.med.umich.edu/http://www.nano.med.umich.edu/http://www.nano.med.umich.edu/http://www.nano.med.umich.edu/http://www.nano.med.umich.edu/


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The body distribution and elimination patterns of macromolecular systems are dictated mainly by their physicochemical properties ,

partile size, hydrophilicity and surface properties.After IV injection :-

particles greater than 5-7microns in diameter are cleared

by capillary filtration mainly inlungs.

Particles with a diameter lessthan 5 microns are generally

cleared from circulation by cellsof the reticula- endothelialsystem (RES)


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CASE STUDIES


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Bio degradable vesicles .


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Some examples of innovative Nano

vesicle materials :-

Carbon nano strutures (in implants). Bucky balls (in implants). Nano tubes (in implants). Nano wires (in implants) Nano whiskers (in implants). Dendrimers (delivery systems- implants combination

products).


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Carbon Nanostructures

Source of pure carbon (like graphite and diamond). Based on fullerene molecules which are closed and convex

cage molecules containing only hexagonal and pentagonalfaces.

Examples of carbon nano structures: Buckyballs. Nanotubes. Nanowires. Nanowhiskers.


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Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes elongated fullerenes. resemble graphite sheets

wrapped into cylinders. Length to width ratio is

very high (few nm indiameter and up to 1 mm inlength).


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Carbon Buckyballs

Buckyballs spherical fullerenes (C60 is

most stable and

symmetrical and resemblesa soccer ball). named after architect R.

Buckminster Fuller . 1996 Nobel prize in

Chemistry awarded for their discovery.
http://www.nanotech-now.com/images/buckyball2-large.gifhttp://www.nanotech-now.com/images/buckyball2-large.gif


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Some Properties of Carbon

Nanostructures High tensile strength. Physically stable. Chemically reactive with free radicals

Derivatives can be formed More hydrophilic than fullerenes New organic molecules can be generated

Other atoms can be placed inside its cage (doping withalkali metals). Superconducting properties. Optical properties (endohedral fullerenes).


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Several Nanocarbon Structures


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Leading the WayDrug -Eluting Stents

Drug-eluting stents

represent the pinnacle of thecombination product field, which harnesses the strengthsof the device industry and those of the drug or biologicsindustry to produce technologies that could not bedeveloped by either sector alone.

[Swain E. Blazing New Paths for Product Introductions.MDDI Sept/Oct 2003. Available on www.devicelink.com ]
http://www.devicelink.com/http://www.devicelink.com/


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CASE STUDIES


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REGULATORY

CONSIDERATIONS


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Regulatory Considerations for Nanotechnology Drugs include.

Nomenclature. Quality.

Safety. Environmental Impact.


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Nanomaterials are not new to FDA

Many approved products currently on the marketwith components manufactured in the nano scale

range (drugs, sunscreens, cosmetics ).

Most drugs act at their site of action as individualmolecules that are in the nano size range.


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Quality Considerations

Critical attributes of nano technology products might include: Particle size and size distribution Surface area, surface chemistry, surface coating, porosity Hydrophilicity, surface charge density. Purity, sterility. Stability (aggregation, protein adsorption). Does in vitro behavior reflect in vivo behavior.

Manufacturing and Controls.

Drug release parameters and bio-equivalence testing .


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Preclinical Safety Assessment

Current required studies for drug applications generallyinclude: In vivo short-term and long-term toxicity in rodent and

non-rodent species, ADME, pharmacology, safety pharmacology, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity,irritation studies, immunotoxicology, carcinogenicityand other possible studies.

Additional studies might be requested based on drug-specific considerations.


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Preclinical Safety Assessment

(contd) Studies in In vitro models

Target binding/receptor screens. Cellular uptake. Cytotoxicity.

Studies in In vivo models Efficacy/proof of concept.

Imaging studies. Special toxicology studies (functional studies?). Mechanisms of tissue uptake and tissue clearance.


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Environmental Considerations

Depend on reported physical characteristics and biological effects of specific nanomaterials.

1. Facility design considerations.

Limiting cross contamination between different productsmanufactured in the same facility. Limiting contamination by components of machinery used in

the manufacturing process. 2. Impact of nanotechnology products on the environment.

Disposal of unused/expired products. Potential environmental impact of material entering the

environment after administration.


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NANO BUSINESSENVIRONMENT

(Reviews on pharma products on horizons of commercialization developed on nanoparticles- platform

technology)


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Nano tech- Product Examples

Wound Care Dermal fibroblasts seeded on a 3-D bioabsorbablescaffold. For hard to heal wounds, e.g diabetic foot ulcers.

[Dermagraft, Advanced Tissue Sciences]


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Nano tech- Product Examplescontd./..

Orthopedics titanium spinal fusion cage and absorbable collagensponge with recombinant bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP-2). For lumbar fusion, degenerative disc disease.[InFUSE, Medtronic]

Drug Delivery / Oncology implanted polymer wafer withchemotherapeutic agent. For sustained-release drug delivery to treatmalignant glioma.

[Gliadel, Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc.]


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Nano tech- Products on the Horizon

Oncology Light Infusion Technology - photosensitizer drugs

activated by light-emitting diode devices for solid tumor

destruction [Light Sciences Corp.]

Diabetes Bioartificial Pancreas active Islet of Langerhans cells

that sense and secrete insulin, and thin sheet of polymer seeded with living islets, implanted in peritoneal cavity.[Islet Sheet Medical]


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Nano tech Products on the Horizoncontd./ -

Controlled-release microchip drug delivery systems - Pharmacy -on-a- Chip . Microfabricated silicon microchip, stores drugs inreservoirs covered by gold or polymer membrane. Automaticallyreleases medications at programmed intervals.[research conducted at U. of Toronto, MIT, U. of Texas-Austin,Cornell U.]

Cardiology applications. hybrid drug-device for cardiac arrhythmias.

biologics to create a sinus atrial node, the hearts natural pacemaker.

cell therapy for heart muscle tissue regeneration.

NANO BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT


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Altair Technologies Inc. Nano material manufacturing

Bio Sante Pharmaceuticals Nano particlulate- based vaccine adjuvant and deliverysystem

FEI Co. Nano- profilometry (SNP) imaging systems

Flamel Technologies , S.A. Bio-pharmaceutical drug delivery systems.

Harris & Harris group , Inc. Nanotech venture capital group

JMAR Technologies, Inc. Plasma lithography at sub-100nm level

MFIC corporation Fluid materials processing systems

Nanogen, Inc. Nanochip molecular biology workstation

Nanophase technologies corp. Nanocrystalline materials

Nano-properietary Inc. Carbon nanotube technology

NVE Corp. Spintronics

Pharmacopia, Inc. Drug discovery and chemical dvelopment process

Skye Pharm PLC Integrated drug discovery

SYMYX technologies Nanomaterial discovery

Veeco Instruments Inc. Nanoman, PicoForce, Nanoscope


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SELECTED NANOBIO-TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES DEVELOPING BIO-ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS

Technology Companies Platforms

SPM Hitachi High technologies (London) Electron -beam lithography (on market)Image scientific Instruments (Madison) Leap-atom probe microscope (on market)Veeco (Woodbury, NY) Near-field scanning optical microscope (on market)

Arrays Affymetrix (Santa Clara) High- density oligonucleotides (GeneChip) arrays (on market)BioForce Nanosciences (Ames, IA) Nanoarrays- 10,000 fold-smaller than conventional arrays (on mNanogen (SanDiego) Oligonucleotide arrays with polarised features ( on market)Nanolink (Chicago) Dip-pen nanolithography system ( on market)

Molecular tags Dendritic nanotechnologies (Mt.Plesant, MI) Dendrimers ( on market)Evident Technologies 9 Ocean Optics USA) Semi conductor nanocrystal quantum dots ( on market)Genicon Sciencies ( SanDiego) 2 color microarray kit resonance light- scattering detection and

Nano Plex ( Mountain View CA) Nano- bar codes part icles kit ( on market )Nanosphere (Chicago) Gold- nanoparticle probes and detection systemsQuantum Dot ( Haywood CA) Quantum-dot conjugates ( steptavicin, protein A, biotin- on mar

Microfluidics Caliper Technologies (MountainView CA) Microfluidics ( Lab Chip- on market)Fluidigm ( San Francisco) Multi-layer soft lithography microfluidicsNanostream (Pasadena CA) High through put screening platformsSurface Logix ( Brighton, MA) High through-put screening platforms using soft lithography and


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SELECTED NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES DEVELOPING MEDICAL DEVICES

Focus Company Platform under deveopment

Tissue engineering AngstronMedica (Newton) Nanostructured hydroxyapatile artificial bone matrix

NanoMateria (Chicago) Nanostructured material for heart, cartilage and nerve regeneration

pSiMedica ( the Malverns, UK) BioSilicon for bone implants

BioSensors Agilent )Palto CA) Nanopore sequencing (in collaboration with Harvard university)

454 Life Sciences ( Branford, CT)PicoTiter sequencing plate

US Genomics (Woburn) Single-strand DNA sequencing

nanomix (Emeryville, CA) Nanotube chemical biosensors


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Nano bio-technology companies developing drug delivery and therapeutic applications

Focus Company Platforms

Therapeutic s Alinis B ioSc iences (Emeryville CA) Poly func tional nanopart ic les ALZA ( MountainView, CA) Lipid nano particles with PEG coating doxorubicin liposomes-( on market)Nanocrystal Technologies (King of Prussia, PA) NanoMill technology for creating nanocrystalsNanoMed Pharmaceuticals (Kalamazoo, MI) Nanotemplate engineering for drug and vaccine delivery systemsStar - Pharma ( Melbourne) VivaGel anti-HIV dendrimer (Phase-I)

Drug delivery Advectus Life Sciences (West Vancouver) NanoCure systems for delivery of anti cancer drugs across blood- brain baBio Delivery Sciences (Newark) BioOral nanochelates cigar-shaped structurs comprised of lip bilayersBioSante Pharmaceuticals (Lincolnshire) Nanoparticulate platform (CAP) for drug delivery (Phase-I)C-Sixty ( Houston) Fullerene - based drug deliveryCytimmune Sciences ( College Park, MD) Tumor necrosis factor bound to colloidal gold nanocrystal for targetting

tumors, vectors with docking site for gene therapy.NanoCarrier (Chiba, Japan) NanoCap micel lar nanopart ic le for water- insoluble drugs (under developmNanoBio (Ann Arbor, MI) Anti-microbial nanoemulsions (Phase-I)NanoSpectra BioSciences (Houston) Nanoshells for optical therapiesTageromes (Palo Alto, CA) Injec table nanospheres for therapeutic or diagnos tic agents


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NanoTechnology news updates-New nanoparticles deliver bigger drug payload.

Scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard-MIT Division of HealthSciences and Technology have developed new nanoparticles from a modified

polymer that can more efficiently load up on cancer drugs and deliver them more precisely.

These new nanoparticles inhibit the MARK signaling pathway, which helps preventthe spread of cancer cells and makes tumors more susceptible to chemotherapy.

"Current chemotherapy drugs must be administered in high concentration throughoutthe body in order to destroy tumor cells, translating to high toxicity and discomfortfor the patient, mainly due to the effects on normal cells," co-lead author Rania

Harfouche said in a release. By modifying the polymer, researchers "allow for lower drug concentrations to be used, and provide opportunity for more potent treatmentswith lesser side-effects for the patient."In a study involving mice, the nanoparticles inhibited tumor growth. And thescientists say that this new approach to cancer therapy could have wide applicability.


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NanoTechnology news updates-Scientist creates 'nanocage' drug delivery system.

Washington University's Younan Xia has been attracting considerable attention for his research work on microcapsules that can precisely deliver a drug payload rightwhere it's needed.

Xia has been making microscopic gold 'nanocages,' tiny particles encased in polymer strands that collapse when exposed to heat. "But the really cool part," says Xia, "andthe cool part of nanotechnology generally, is that the tiny gold cages have verydifferent properties than bulk gold." In particular, they respond differently to light.

Using a near infrared light, the scientist can trigger a collapse at any point, leavingthe tissue unharmed. Adjusting the light can recalibrate the release rate. And bydesigning the polymers to latch onto specific disease targets, such as a tumor, Xia

believes he can concentrate the drug right where it's needed.


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NanoTechnology news updates-Nanoparticles used to deliver targeted ED drugs.

Nanoparticles "smaller than a grain of pollen" have been engineered to carry minute quantities of therapeutics for erectile dysfunction, effectively delivering the drug directly through the skin inanimal models. And the team of researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine at YeshivaUniversity says that the same approach could be a better alternative to existing drugs while safelyworking in men who currently are prohibited from taking the tablet meds.

Scientists used rats bred to suffer from erectile dysfunction to test the nanoparticles. "Theresponse time to the nanoparticles was very short, just a few minutes, which is basically what

people want in an erectile dysfunction medication," says Dr. Kelvin Davies. "In both rats andhumans, it can take 30 minutes to one hour for oral erectile dysfunction medications to takeeffect."

The oral drugs are associated with a number of side effects, including blurred vision and upsetstomachs. Men who have suffered a heart attack, meanwhile, are prevented from getting the EDdrugs at all. But the researchers say that a locally applied topical solution was effective withoutside effects in rodents. ED drugs have been prominent best-sellers and an improved approachcould also prove to be highly profitable.


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NanoTechnology news updates-Nanoparticles boost antibacterial treatments.

The University of Liverpool and IOTA NanoSolutions have developed man-made nanoparticlesthat could increase the effectiveness of antibacterial treatments. Many current drugs are insolubleand need to be administered at higher doses in order to work. However, this increases thechances that bacteria and other organisms will build up a resistance to the drugs. In time, newformulations of medicines must be developed in order to knock out the mutated organisms.University of Liverpool researchers found that in some instances, the nanoparticles can be usedto make insoluble drugs behave like soluble drugs, increasing their effectiveness at lower doses.Scientists are concentrating on applying the nanoparticle technology to antiparasitic drugs thattreat malaria.

"Already our technology has shown the potential to improve a range of current medicines andmay lead to treatments that prevent drug resistance," said Professor Steve Rannard, from theDepartment of Chemistry, who is also co-founder and current Chief Scientific Officer of IOTA

NanoSolutions. "If our approach can deliver new antimalarial treatments, it may help to preventmillions of deaths per year and improve the lives of hundreds of millions of current malariasufferers."


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NanoTechnology news updates-Nanoparticles research aids drug development.

Drugs with the ability to dissolve have much stronger efficacy, however many drugs are insoluble. In

order to compensate, drugs often need to be administered in higher doses. This increases the possibilityof bacteria and other organisms mutating as the high doses make it easier for them to build resistance tothe drugs. This leads to treatments becoming obsolete and the need for new medicines to be developed.

Chemists at the University of Liverpool working with IOTA NanoSolutions have now developed a newtechnology to produce nanoparticles of insoluble drugs that mimic the behaviour and the effectiveness of dissolved drugs.

Nanoparticles are man-made particles manufactured for use in a number of industries including thecosmetic and pharmaceutical industry; they can make materials stronger, lighter and cleaner.

Recent data has shown that in some cases, low concentrations of insoluble drugs in a nanoparticle formcan be more active than previously thought, offering the potential to administer drugs in low dosageswithout reducing the effectiveness of the treatment. The new technology is allowing the scientists todevelop new medicines by converting currently available drugs into a nanoparticle form. Antiparastiticdrugs to treat malaria are also being developed in collaboration with the Liverpool School of TropicalMedicine.

Professor Steve Rannard, from the Department of Chemistry who is also co-founder and current Chief Scientific Officer of IOTA NanoSolutions, said: "Already our technology has shown the potential toimprove a range of current medicines and may lead to treatments that prevent drug resistance. If our approach can deliver new antimalarial treatments, it may help to prevent millions of deaths per year andimprove the lives of hundreds of millions of current malaria sufferers."


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NanoTechnology news updates-Nanoparticle program delivers anti-cancer therapy.

A research team at Washington University in St. Louis has combined a nanoparticle platform used in imaging growing blood vessels and combined it with the fungaldrug fumagillin to create a new weapon to fight the growth of tumors. Fumagillinhas long been known as a potent anti-cancer therapy, but its neurotoxic side effectsare too harsh for patients. To circumvent the side effects, the scientists adapted

nanoparticles designed to dock on a protein carpeted on endothelial cells clusteredon the walls of new blood vessels and loaded them with fumagillin. By targeting thetherapy directly at the new blood vessels, the therapy can stop angiogenesis, a keytarget in oncology research.

"It basically becomes a vehicle to dump off a truckload of cargo," Joseph DeSimoneof the University of North Carolina tells MIT Technology Review. "It's sort of like aTrojan horse."There are a number of research programs underway relying on animal studies todetermine the effect of new nanoparticle technologies that can interruptangiogenesis. First-generation nanoparticle therapies rely on passive deliverymethods while this second generation round of research is working on newtechnology aimed at more precise targeting of disease.


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NanoTechnology news updates-Nanomaterials used to fix neuron damage.

Northwestern University researcher Samuel Stupp has presented the results of astudy in which he injected nanomaterials into the severed spinal cords of mice,allowing them to walk again after several weeks of therapy. The nanomaterials heused were designed to self-assemble into nanofibers which repaired damagedneurons. The research offers new insights into the near-term research potential of nanotechnology and offers hope for patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's whosuffer from severe neuron damage.

"Regenerating bone and cartilage are our first targets," Stupp told the ChicagoTribune. "That would be very important to Baby Boomers who value their quality of life. We are also working with regenerating blood vessels to address damage fromheart attacks. (Nanotechnology) will first aid in diagnosing illness, but it also will

provide therapies to alleviate or cure."


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NanoTechnology news updates-Nanoparticles offer ovarian cancer treatment approach.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been used to drag' cancer cells out of the bodies of mice. Scientists at Georgia Tech coated the nanoparticles with a targeting moleculethat caused them to bond to the cancer cells. And the researchers say the approachcould be used to treat metastatic ovarian cancer. During metastasis, the cancer cellsdrift in the abdominal area, offering a target for the nanoparticles. They believe thata patient's abdominal fluid could be drained, cancer cells filtered out, and theninfused back into the abdominal cavity.

"It's possible that the particles may not ever have to go into the patient's body," saysJohn McDonald, the chief scientific officer of the Ovarian Cancer Institute atGeorgia Tech. "That would be preferable, because then you don't have to worryabout any potential toxicity."


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Closing thoughts

Very young field, will grow quickly. Watch for new sources to cover this emerging industry. No indexing specific to nano tech-combination products. Non-standard terms used in science. Active work on nanotechnology are focused in the

domains of orthopedic, dental, bladder, neurologic,vascular, cartilage and cardiovascular applications.


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Incorporates many technologies Biomaterials & Coatings. Genomics & Proteomics. Tissue Engineering. Micro- & Nano technology. Advanced drug delivery.

Traditional drugs & devices.


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Industry Predictions

Focus on disease cure (drugs, biologics) rather thantreatment (devices).

Ultimate disease cures will come from biotech, unless

pharma industry co-opts it. Nano tech- products cannibalize existing products;

replace drugs . Few large manufacturers have both drugand device components.

Cross-industry partnerships and acquisitions. Disparate industries must work together.


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Future image of Nanoparticles


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Information sources

Frost & Sullivan Medical Device Technology Alert; Inside R&D; Advanced Manufacturing

Technology; High-Tech Materials Alert; Advanced Coatings and Surface

Technology. Thru www.google.com

Espicom Publications Drug Delivery Intelligence File; Cardiovascular Device Business ; Drug

Delivery Insight ; Medical Industry Week, thru- www.google.com


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Information sources (cont.)

Web Sites :

Medical Devicelink www.devicelink.com BIO Biotechnology Industry Organization www.bio.org

SCIRUS www.scirus.com AdvaMed - www.advamed.org MDMA (Medical Device Manufacturers Association) www.medicaldevices.org Society for Biomaterials - www.biomaterials.org FDLI (Food & Drug Law Institute) www.fdli.org AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation)

www.aami.org

.
http://www.devicelink.com/http://www.bio.org/http://www.scirus.com/http://www.advamed.org/http://www.medicaldevices.org/http://www.biomaterials.org/http://www.fdli.org/http://www.aami.org/http://www.aami.org/http://www.fdli.org/http://www.biomaterials.org/http://www.medicaldevices.org/http://www.advamed.org/http://www.scirus.com/http://www.bio.org/http://www.devicelink.com/


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