The Design and Experimentation on Nanofluid Heat Pipes

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY,

POMONAMechanical Engineering Department

Arash Babazadeh

Sandy Bevans

Ali Borna

Syukrirashiduhakim Subandi

Faculty AdvisorMaryam Shafahi

CPP Senior Symposium 2015

Problem Statement

❖ Given❖ Computer generated model of nanofluid heat pipe❖ Theoretical results of experiment

❖ Objective❖ Select heat pipe, working fluid, and type of wick ❖ Finalize configuration and prepare schematics for running the

heat pipe experiment

What is a Heat Pipe

❖ High capacity heat transfer devices that use evaporation, insulation and condensation as means to remove heat [1].

❖ Uses a wick, as a porous media, to pump the condensed liquid working fluid to evaporation section [2-7].

Kinematics of Heat Pipe

[8]

1. Evaporation section: Working fluid is heat up. Vaporized fluid creates a pressure gradient to force the vapor move towards the condenser section.

2. Adiabatic section: Vapor travels. Hollow and vacuum.3. Condenser section: Heat exits. Vaporized working fluid condense and release its latent heat.

The condensed working fluid drawn back to evaporator section through wick. [9]

Applications of Heat Pipes[10-12]

• Space applications– Transport from inside to outside of

shuttles, satellites, etc– Does not require gravitational force

• Technological systems - ones that require large heat flux with small space

– Computers– Cell Phones

Wick ❖ Porous medium❖ Empty space (capillary action)

created in between the particles arrangement - enables fluids to move through it.

❖ Pumping condensed working fluid from condenser section to the evaporation section.

❖ Types of wick. ❖ Screens❖ Sintered metal powders❖ Woven fiberglass or grooves❖Sintered copper powder wick; packed with spherical particles of felt metal fibers or powders.

[13]

Using Nanofluids as a Working Fluid[15]

❖ Nanofluids have significantly higher thermal conductivities compared to traditional fluids

❖ Although better performance, imposing nanoparticles increases density and viscosity; hinders the performance of the heat pipe

Nanoparticle Selection

Al2O3

❖ Design for[15]:❖ High thermal conductivity❖ Optimal nanofluid mass concentration❖ Small particle size

❖ Aluminum Oxide is a workable fluid as long as:❖ Range of specific heat flux at the desired

temperature range [16-17]❖ Compatibility with the pipe and the wick [1]

Schematics of Experiment

❖ The experiment setup consists of resistance heater, watt meter, and variable voltage transformer.

❖ Data acquisition part consists of temperature data logger and PC to record the thermocouple readings at different positions of the heat pipe.

Heat Pipe setupFull experiment setup

[18]

Limits in Consideration

[14]

[19]

Our Current Selections

• Copper heat pipe with sintered copper powder wick

• Aluminum Oxide nanofluid solution

• Equipment to set up experiment

Coming Soon

• Achieve desired conditions for heat pipe

• Conduct the experiment

• Record experimental results

• Extrapolate data and explain any deviations

Conclusion

• Heat transfer device that dissipates heat by the use of a working fluid, wick, evaporator, and condenser

• Used in space applications and small technological devices

• Nanofluids increase thermal conductivity of working fluid, enhances thermal performance

❖ Purpose of Senior Project - Test the theoretical model, compare results, and report any deviations

 [1] T. Yousefi, S.A. Mousavi, B. Farahbakhsh, M.Z. Saghir. Experimental investigation on the performance of CPU coolers: Effect of heat pipe inclination angle and the use of nanofluids. Microelectronics Reliability. Elsevier 2013.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026271413001649[2] X. Yang, Y.Y. Yan, D. Mullen. Recent developments of lightweight, high performance heat pipes. Applied Thermal Engineering. Elsevier 2011.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431111004868[3] R. Saidur, K.Y. Leong, H.A. Mohammad. A review on applications and challenges of nanofluids. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier, 2011.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110004041[4] Gabriela Huminic, Angel Huminic. Application of nanofluids in heat exchangers: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier, 2012.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112003577[5] R. Sureshkumar, S. TharvesMohideen, N. Nethaji. Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in heat pipes: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier, 2013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112006582[6] Ravi Mahajan, Chia-Pin Chiu, Greg Chrysler. Cooling a Microprocessor Chip. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 94, no. 8, pp. 1476-86, 2006.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=1705137[7] S.H. Moon, G. Hwang, H.G. Yun, T.G. Choy, Y. II Kang. Improving thermal performance of miniature heat pipe for notebook PC cooling. Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 135-140, 2002.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026271401002268[8w] Medical instrument based on a heat pipe for local cavity hypothermia, Vasil’ev, Zhuravlyov, Molodkin, Khrolenok, Zhdanov, Vasil’ev, Adamov, Tyurin, Journal Of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, Vol 69, Nov 3 1996.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02606949#page-1

References

References

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http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1247/[17] R. Senthilkumar, S. Vaidyanathan, B. Sivaraman. Experimental analysis of cylindrical heat pipe using copper nanofluid with an aqueous solution of n-hexanol. Frontiers in Heat Pipes 2011; 2: 033004.

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