International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
1
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
March 9-11, 2011
London, Ontario, Canada
ncmt2011.uwo.ca
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Organizing Committee
4
Plenary and Invited Speakers
5
Message from Chair
7
General Information
8
About the City
10
About the Conference
11
Sponsors
12
Maps of University of Western Ontario
13
Maps of Conference Site
15
Cultural Program
18
Scientific Program at a Glance
19
Short Program
20
Oral Presentation Schedule
24
Plenary and Invited Abstracts
28
Oral Presentation Abstracts
41
Contributed Abstracts
60
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Conference chair and secretary:
Professor Mahi R Singh
The University of Western Ontario
London, Canada N6A 3K7
Tel: (519) 661-2111 ext 86427
Email: [email protected]
Conference co-chairs:
Professor Shantanu Basu
The University of Western
Ontario
London, Canada N6A 3K7
Tel: (519) 661-2111 ext 86706
Email: [email protected]
Professor Vladimir A.
Miransky
University of Western Ontario
Middlesex College, Room 271
London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
Tel: (519) 661-2111 ext 88708
Email: [email protected]
LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:
Henry Leparskas (Chair)
Email: [email protected]
Ali Hatef (Webmaster)
PhD Candidate in
Condensed Matter Physics
Email: [email protected]
URL: www.alihatef.com
Joel Cox
PhD Candidate in
Condensed Matter Physics
Email: [email protected]
Chris Racknor
PhD Candidate in
Condensed Matter Physics
Email:[email protected]
Daniel Schindel
PhD Candidate in
Condensed Matter Physics
Email:[email protected]
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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PLENARY SPEAKERS
Sir Anthony Leggett
Nobel Laureate,
Department of Physics,
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign,
USA
Sajeev John
Department of Physics
University of Toronto,
Canada
INVITED SPEAKERS:
Boris Fainberg
Department of Sciences
HAIT–Holon Academic
Institute of Technology,
Israel
Jean Léotin
Laboratoire National
des Champs Magnétiques
Intenses, Toulouse, France
Geoff Steeves
Department of Physics
and Astronomy
University of Victoria,
Canada
Jens Niegemann
Institut für Theoretische
Festkörperphysik
Universität Karlsruhe,
Germany
Godfrey Gumbs
Department of Physics
and Astronomy
Hunter College of the
City University of New
York (CUNY), USA
Michael E. Flatté
Department of Physics and
Astronomy
The University of Iowa,
USA
Gyaneshwar P. (GP)
Srivastava
School of Physics
University of Exeter,
UK
Michel Côté
Département de physique
Université de Montréal,
Canada
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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Vladimir A. Miransky
Department of Applied
Mathematics
University of Western
Ontario, Canada
Alioscia Hamma
Perimeter Institute of
Theoretical Physics,
Canada
Michel Gingras
Department of Physics
and Astronomy
University of Waterloo,
Canada
Russell Thompson
Department of Physics and
Astronomy
University of Waterloo,
Canada
Jean Desforges
Département de
physique et
d'astronomie
Université de Moncton,
Canada
Federico Rosei
Nano Femto Lab -
Université du Québec
Varennes, Québec,
Canada
Session Chairs:
Shantanu Basu
Colin Denniston
David Jeffrey
Mahi Singh
Giovanni Fanchini
John Corrigan
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR
It is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the first Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and Condensed Matter Theory (NCMT-2011) at the University of Western Ontario,
London, Canada on March 9-11, 2011. London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with a
population of about 400,000. The city was named after London, England. The University of
Western Ontario (UWO) has developed over 125 years from a small community of scholars into
one of Canada's leading universities, and now is a vibrant centre of learning with about 1,600 full-
time faculty members and approximately 38,000 undergraduate and graduate students. Through its
12 Faculties, and three affiliated Colleges, the University offers more than 400 different majors,
minors, and specializations. The University of Western Ontario has been rated as having the best
student experience among Canada‟s Universities for seven years running. The amenities here are
second to none, and many items considered extra at other institutions are free to students at UWO.
The NCMT-2011 brings together scientists and engineers from around the world to discuss the most
recent developments in the areas of Nanostructures and Condensed Matter Theory. This meeting
presents a unique opportunity to establish international collaborations, networking contacts and
partnerships among scientists working on nanomaterials from all over the world.
I would like to thank the co-chairs and organizing committee members: Dr. Shantanu Basu, Dr.
Vladimir Miransky, Mr. Henry Leparskas, Mr. Ali Hatef, Mr. Daniel Schindel, Mr. Joel Cox, and
Mr. Chris Racknor for their great help in bringing this event together. I also would like to thank Ms.
Jackie Mclean, Ms. Jodi Guthrie and Mr. Peter Frank for their assistance in organizing this event.
On behalf of the organizing committee, I sincerely hope that this conference exceeds your scientific
expectations and I wish you a wonderful stay in London, and in this historic and beautiful region of
Canada.
Mahi R. Singh
Professor of Physics and Astronomy
Conference Chair
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Maps of the City and Conference Site
Maps of the city of London and the conference site are provided in this booklet. These maps will
indicate locations of the local hotels as well as the conference venue.
Conference Site
The conference will be held at the following address:
University Community Centre, Room 315 (Council Chambers)
3rd
Floor, UCC Building
The University of Western Ontario
London, ON N6A 3K7
For details, please refer to the map provided in this booklet.
The University Community Centre is within walking distance from Windermere Manor and Guest
House on the Mount. The walking route from Windermere Manor takes about 10-25 minutes and is
shown in one of the maps provided in this booklet. We strongly recommend that you arrive at the
conference site 10 minutes before the conference begins.
Plenary, Invited, and Oral Presentations
The oral presentations will be allotted the following time slots:
Plenary Talks: 50 minutes + 10 minutes for questions
Invited Talks: 25 minutes + 5 minutes for questions
Oral Presentations: 4 minutes + 1 minute for questions
Plenary and invited speakers should give their presentation to the chair of their session prior to the
start of the session. Overhead and PC video-projectors will be available for oral presentations.
Please confer with the organizing committee staff to ensure that there are no technical problems
prior to your presentation.
Registration
Registration will be take place in UCC room 315 at the following times
Wednesday Evening registration - CANCELLED
Thursday, March 10: 8:00 AM - 9:00 AM
Friday, March 11: 8:00 AM - 9:00 AM
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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Conference Lunches
Two conference lunch tickets are included in your conference package. Conference lunches will be
held at The Wave Restaurant and Bar. The address is:
The Wave Restaurant & Bar,
2nd
Floor, UCC Building 295
The University of Western Ontario
London, ON N6A 3K7
Please keep the lunch tickets in a safe place and present them at the entrance of the restaurant
during lunch.
Conference Dinner
The conference dinner will be held at Windermere Manor on Thursday, March 10 at 7:00 PM. The
address of Windermere Manor is:
The Windermere Manor,
200 Collip Circle,
London, Ontario N6G 4X8
Telephone: 519 858-1414 (Toll Free: 1-800-997-4477)
The conference dinner ticket is included in your conference package. If your conference package
does not include the conference dinner ticket, you may purchase a ticket from the registration desk.
Parking
Western Visitor and Parking Services has been notified that some participants will be arriving by
automobile. Our preferred parking location is the Social Sciences lot. When you arrive at this lot,
you can inform the attendant that you are an NCMT conference participant and you will be allowed
in. In case this lot is full you will be directed to another attended lot.
See web pages: www.uwo.ca/parking and www.uwo.ca/maps to find the Social Sciences lot.
Notepad
Please note that there are blank pages for taking notes provided at the back of this booklet.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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ABOUT THE CITY
London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with a population of about 400,000. The city was
named after London, England. London is at the forks of the non-navigable Thames River,
approximately halfway between Toronto and Detroit, Michigan. London was at one time set aside
to be the future capital of Ontario, and has held positions of some importance over the years.
London is home to Fanshawe College and the University of Western Ontario, which contribute to
the city's reputation for research and cultural activity. London's festivals contribute to its tourism
industry, but its economic activity is centered on military vehicle production, medical research,
insurance, and information technology. There are many cultural venues, from the Grand Theatre, to
the Guy Lombardo Music Centre, the Secrets of Radar Museum, and the Museum of Ontario
Archaeology. London also retains the moniker of „Forest City‟ owing to the many parks and nature
trails primarily on riverbanks. Going further afield, nearby attractions include Niagara Falls,
Stratford, the local theatre capital, and the automotive history that is Detroit.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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ABOUT THE CONFERENCE
The International Conference on Frontier Topics in Nanostructures and Condensed Matter
Theory (NCMT-2011) is being held on March 9-11, 2011 at the University of Western Ontario,
London, Canada. The objective of this conference is to bring together scientists and engineers
working on electronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, plasmonics, and photonics to discuss the
most recent theoretical developments in nanostructured materials. There will be oral presentations
as well as plenary and invited talks by stalwarts in the fields. Participants will work in the fields
listed below and related areas.
Superconductivity and Superfluidity
Phase Transitions, Renormalization Group, and Scaling
Photonic Crystals and their applications
Quantum dots, Wires, and Wells
Quantum Hall effect
Carbon Nanostructures: Nanotubes, Graphene
Plasmonic and Photonic Nanostructures
Quantum Magnetism, Non-Fermi Liquids, and Spin liquids
Spin and Charge Density Waves
Quantum information, Switching, and Computing
Bose-Einstein Condensation, Ultra-cold Atomic and Molecular Gases
Membranes, Polymers, and DNA
Liquid Crystals, Glasses
Nanoparticles, Nanoclusters, Nanocomposites, and Nanomaterials
Nanowires, Nanofibers, and Nanowaveguides
Electronics, Excitonics, Photonics, and Spintronics
Biological Physics
Soft Condensed Matter Physics
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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WE THANK OUR SPONSORS
Depts. of Physics and Astronomy and Applied Mathematics
Office of the Vice-President (Research &
International Relations),
The University of Western Ontario
CAMBR (Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research)
Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Science
Theoretical Physics Program
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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MAP OF THE UNIVERISTY OF WESTERN ONTARIO
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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LOCATION OF HOTELS AND CONFERENCE SITE
Windermere Manor 200 Collip Circle,
London, Ontario N6G 4X8
Phone: (519) 858-1414
Toll Free: 1-800-997-4477
Guest House on the Mount Ignatia Hall, 2nd floor
1486 Richmond Street
London, Ontario N6G 2M3
Phone: (519) 641-8100
Conference Site: University Community
Centre (UCC)
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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First Floor
The University Community
Centre (UCC)
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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Second Floor
The University Community
Centre (UCC)
McKellar Room
The Wave
Restaurant & Bar
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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Third Floor
The University Community
Centre (UCC)
Conference Room:
UCC Room 315
(Council Chambers)
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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CULTURAL PROGRAM AT THE CONFERENCE
DINNER
Indian classical dance will be provided during the conference dinner by the Natyaraji School of Dance,
London, Ontario. Dance is part of the synthesis of yoga because it helps in the development of one's body,
mind, heart and spirit. The intellect is also stimulated by the alternating rapid and slow body movements.
The music heard by the ears is sensed by the various limbs of the body that express those feelings in a
pleasing visible form. The intricate movements help the mind to concentrate and the dance helps to rid the
mind of unwanted thoughts. Indian Classical Dance has a fascinating history. Bharatanatyam is one of the
most ancient classical dance forms of India. The words in "Bharata Natyam" signifies dance according to the principles
laid down by the ancient sage Bharata in his great classic Natya Shastra. This graceful dance form provides spiritual
satisfaction to the performer and aesthetic pleasure to the audience.
The Dancers will be presenting 3 classical Bharata Natyam items on behalf of the Natyaraji School of Dance given
below:
Ganapati Puja: This is an Invocation Dance to Lord Ganesha: Lord Ganesha is the Remover of Obstacles in
Hindu Mythology. It will be done by Shivani Parihar.
Alarimpu: Alarimpu is a flower that blossoms with sunrise. In Dance, it signifies the opening of the body and
the coordination of the movement of the hands, feet, neck and eyes. The dancers are Pooja Rawal, Viveka
Sainani and Mihika Jog.
Tillana: This is a Finale item in a Bharata Natyam repertoire. It is a joyous display of graceful pure dance
characterized by a variety of patterns of footwork. This Tillana is a tribute to Lord Vinayaka. This dance will
be done by Silpa Valluri.
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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NCMT-2011 Scientific Program at a Glance
WEDENSDAY
9 MARCH
THURSDAY
10 MARCH
FRIDAY
11 MARCH
8:00-9:00 Registration Registration
8:45-9:00
Plenary Chair:
Shantanu Basu
Chair:
Mahi Singh
9:00-10:00 P-Th
Anthony Leggett
P-Fr
Sajeev John
10:00-10:30 Coffee Coffee
Session A Chair:
John Corrigan
Chair :
Colin Denniston
10:30-11:00 I-Th-A1
Jean Léotin
I-Fr-A1
Michael Flatté
11:00-11:30 I-Th-A2
Jens Niegemann
I-Fr-A2
Michel Gingras
11:30-12:00 I-Th-A3
Geoff Steeves
I-Fr-A3
Federico Rosei
12:00-1:00 LUNCH LUNCH
Session B Chair:
David Jeffrey
Chair:
Giovanni Fanchini
1:00-1:30 I-Th-B1
Dmitry Smirnov
I-Fr-B1
Godfrey Gumbs
1:30-2:00 I-Th-B2
Russell Thompson
OA-Fr-B
Oral-Abstracts
2:00-2:30 OA-Th-B
Oral-Abstracts
I-Fr-B2
Vladimir Miransky
2:30-3:00 I-Th-B3
Michel Côté
I-Fr-B3
Boris Fainberg
3:00-3:30 Coffee Coffee
Session C Chair:
Public Talk Chair:
Shantanu Basu
3:30-4:00 I-Th-C1
Gyaneshwar Srivastava
Anthony Leggett
4:00-5:00 OA-Th-C
Oral-Abstracts
Anthony Leggett
5:00-5:30 I-Th-C2
Jean Desforges
5:30-6:00 I-Th-C3
Alioscia Hamma
7:00-8:30 CONFERENCE DINNER
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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SHORT PROGRAM
Thursday March 10, 2011
Registration: 8:00-9:00
Opening Ceremony: 8:45-9:00
Plenary Session - Thursday (Chair: Shantanu Basu)
9:00-10:00
P-Th
Anthony Leggett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Cuprate superconductivity without a "model"
Coffee Break: 10:00-10:30
Session Th-A (Chair: John Corrigan)
10:30-11:00
I-Th-A1
Jean Léotin, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Toulouse,
France
Magneto-optics from Faraday to nowadays
11:00-11:30
I-Th-A2
Jens Niegemann, Christopher Prohm, Michael König, Timo Köllner and Kurt Busch,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Modeling plasmonic nanostructures
11:30-12:00
I-Th-A3
Geoff Steeves, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria,
Canada
Photon counting with MKID detectors
Lunch: 12:00-13:00
Session Th-B (Chair: David Jeffrey)
13:00-13:30
I-Th-B1
Dmitry Smirnov, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, USA
High field optical magneto-spectroscopy of graphite
13:30-14:00
I-Th-B2
Russell Thompson, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo,
Canada
Self-assembling nanostructures with mistakes… on purpose
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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14:00-14:30 OA-Th-B
(See details on oral presentation schedule on page 24)
14:30-15:00 I-Th-B3 Michel Côté, Nicolas Bérubé and Simon Lévesque, Département de physique,
Université de Montréal, Canada
Design of polymers for photovoltaic application: an ab initio approach
Coffee Break: 15:00-15:30
Session Th-C (Chair: )
15:30-16:00
I-Th-C1
Gyaneshwar Srivastava, School of Physics, University of Exeter, U.K.
Theory of phonon transport in nanostructured semiconductors
16:00-17:00 OA-Th-C
(See details on oral presentation schedule on page 24)
17:00-17:30
I-Th-C2
Jean Desforges, Tahar B.-Messaoud, Luc Robichaud, Martin Leblanc and Serge
Gauvin, Département de physique et d'astronomie, Université de Moncton,
Canada
Optical and morphological properties of zirconium oxide thin films deposited
by DC reactive magnetron sputtering: the influence of temperature and
ultraviolet irradiation
17:30-18:00 I-Th-C3 Alioscia Hamma, Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics, Canada
Topological order at finite temperature and the quest for quantum memory
Conference Dinner: 19:00-20:30
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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Friday March 11, 2011
Registration: 8:00-9:00
Plenary Session - Friday (Chair: Mahi Singh)
9:00-10:00
P-Fr
Sajeev John, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Canada
Photonic band gap materials: Light-trapping crystals
Coffee Break: 10:00-10:30
Session Fr-A (Chair: Colin Denniston)
10:30-11:00
I-Fr-A1
Michael Flatté, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, USA
Spin-photon entanglement: from a single spin to a nanomagnet
11:00-11:30
I-Fr-A2
Michel Gingras, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Univeristy of Waterloo,
Canada
Collective phenomena in LiHoxY1-xF4 quantum ising magnet: recent progress
and open questions
11:30-12:00
I-Fr-A3
Federico Rosei, INRS Energie, Materiaux et Telecommunications, Université du
Québec, Canada
Exploring molecular assembly at surfaces
Lunch: 12:00-13:00
Session Fr-B (Chair: Giovanni Fanchini)
13:00-13:30
I-Fr-B1
Godfrey Gumbs, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City
University of New York, USA
Effects of electric and magnetic fields on plasma excitations and electron
transport in graphene
13:30-14:00 OA-Fr-B
(See details on oral presentation schedule on page 24)
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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14:00-14:30 I-Fr-B2
Vladimir Miransky, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western
Ontario, Canada
Theory of quantum hall effect in bilayer graphene
14:30-15:00 I-Fr-B3
Boris Fainberg, G. Li and A. Nitzan, Faculty of Sciences, Holon Institute of
Technology, Israel and School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
Coherent charge transport through molecular nanojunctions: “exciton
blocking” and interplay between “exciton” and Coulomb blocking in the wire
Coffee Break: 15:00-15:30
Public Talk (Chair: Shantanu Basu)
15:30-17:00
Anthony Leggett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Does the everyday world really obey quantum mechanics?
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE
Thursday March 10, 2011
OA-Th-B
14:00-14:05
OA-Th-B1
M. Shafiq Ahmed, Faranak Sharifi, Reg Bauld and Giovanni Fanchini, Dept. of
Physics & Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Transparent and Conducting Graphene films for Optoelectronics
14:05-14:10
OA-Th-B2
Mohammad H. Ansari and Frank K. Wilhelm, Institute for Quantum Computing
(IQC), University of Waterloo, Canada
Critical current noise and junction resonators in Josephson junction from
interacting trap states
14:10-14:15
OA-Th-B3
E.G. Barbagiovanni1, D.J. Lockwood
2, L.V. Goncharova
1, P.J. Simpson
1,
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London,
Ontario, Canada, 2National Research Council Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Effect of Crystallinity on Quantum Confinement in Si and Ge Nano-Structures
14:15-14:20 OA-Th-B4
Styliani Constas, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Stability of highly charged nanodroplets with respect to proton release.
14:20-14:25 OA-Th-B5
Rajat Dey and Jayshri Sabarinathan, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Comparison Between Photonic Crystal Based Y-Junction and MMI Power
Splitter
14:25-14:30 OA-Th-B6
Hossein Ismaili and Mark S. Workentin, Department of Chemistry, University of
Western Ontario, Canada
Diazirine photochemistry to prepare gold nanoparticle-based hybrid materials
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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OA-Th-C
16:00-16:05 OA-Th-C1 Yeongyoon Kim and Russell B. Thompson, Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
Testing Classical Nucleation Theory for Nano-Cellular Polymeric Foam
16:05-16:10 OA-Th-C2
Tetyana Levchenko, Christian Kübel, John F. Corrigan and Yining Huang,
University of Western Ontario, Canada
From Molecule to Materials: Crystalline Superlattices of Nanoscopic CdS
16:10-16:15 OA-Th-C3
Xiangbo (Henry) Meng, Ruying Li and Xueliang (Andy) Sun, The University of
Western Ontario, Canada
Atomic Layer Deposition: A New Technique to Synthesize Novel
Nanocomposites for Renewable Clean Energy Conversion and Storage
16:15-16:20 OA-Th-C4
Anil Kumar Mudraboyina and Jayshri Sabarinathan, Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Two-Channel Photonic Crystal Wavelength Splitter for Sensor Application
16:20-16:25 OA-Th-C5
Ilya G. Ryabinkin and Viktor N. Staroverov, Department of Chemistry, University
of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
An explicitly correlated method for two electrons in a two-dimensional square
box
16:25-16:30 OA-Th-C6
Daryoush Shiri1, Jie Liu
2, S. S. Saini
1, C. R. (Selva) Selvakumar
1 and M. P. (Anant)
Anantram2,
1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
First Principle Study of Photoluminescence in Silicon Nanowires
16:30-16:35 OA-Th-C7
Shuhui Sun1, Gaixia Zhang
1, Ruying Li
1, Mei Cai
2 and Andy X. Sun
1,
1Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London,
Ontario, N6A 5B9 Canada, 2General Motors R&D Center, Warren, MI 48090-9055,
USA
Platinum Nanowire-based Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalyst for PEM
Fuel Cells
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Nanostructures and
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16:35-16:40 OA-Th-C8
Deepak Tripathi, Lalita Bhasin, R. Uma and V. K. Tripathi, Center for Energy
Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
Generation of Terahertz radiation by a Gaussian laser beam in a plasma
16:40-16:45 OA-Th-C9 (16:40-16:45)
Nasrin Farhangi, Yaocihuatl Medina-González and Paul A. Charpentier, Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London,
Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of graphene sheets by simple sonication
method for photovoltaic applications
16:45-16:50 OA-Th-C10
Chandra Sekhar Manda, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of
Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
Growth and characterization of magneto-optical materials for integrated
optical isolator applications
16:50-16:55 OA-Th-C11
Pradeep Kulkarni, Rajmal Jain and Malini Aggrawal, Department of Physics,
Z.B.Patil College, North Maharashtra University, Jalgoan, India
Relationship between CME dynamics and solar flare plasma
16:55-17:00 OA-Th-C12
Pavlo Pyatkovskiy, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western
Ontario, Canada
Polarization function of monolayer graphene in a magnetic field
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Nanostructures and
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ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE
Friday March 11, 2011
OA-Fr-B
13:30-13:35
OA-Fr-B1
Sepideh Rezvani, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The
University of Western Ontario, Canada
A Microfluidics approach to the synthesis of novel polymeric microspheres
reinforced with n-TiO2
13:35-13:40
OA-Fr-B2
Mehrnaz Salarian and Paul A. Charpentier, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Synthesis of TiO2 nanofiber/PPF composites for biomaterial application
13:40-13:45
OA-Fr-B3
B.S. Bhadoria1, Rama Shankar Yadav
1 and Sarita Singh
2,
1Dept. of Physics,
Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi (UP) India 284128, 2Dept. of
Electronics and Communication, MITS, Gole Ka Mandir, Gwalior (M.P.) India
Variation of Electronic States of Quantum Dot Structures
13:45-13:50 OA-Fr-B4
S. Arghavan and A. V. Singh, Department of Mechanical and Materials
Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London ON, Canada N6A 5B9
Free Vibration of Single Layer Graphene Sheets
13:50-13:55 OA-Fr-B5 (13:50-13:55)
Rakesh Dhote, Roderick Melnik and Jean Zu, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
Department, University of Toronto, Canada
Properties of Finite Length Shape Memory Alloy Nanowires and Dynamic
Thermo-Mechanical Coupling
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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PLENARY AND
INVITED TALK
ABSTRACTS:
Thursday, March 10th
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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PLENARY - THURSDAY
P-Th (9:00-10:00)
Anthony Leggett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Cuprate superconductivity without a "model"
I start by reviewing the question: What can we reasonably say we know for sure about
superconductivity in the cuprates, without reliance on any micro-scopic “model?” Then I ask: On
the basis of this knowledge and of some very generic and hopefully reasonable assumptions, are
there interesting questions we can ask which we have some hope of answering definitively by
experiment? I identify one such question, namely: In which regions of momentum and frequency
space is the inter-conduction electron Coulomb interaction energy saved (or expended) when the
system becomes superconducting? I conjecture a possible answer to this question, show that it is
consistent with the dependence of the transition temperature on the c-axis layering structure and
emphasize that it makes quantitative and experimentally testable predictions.
SESSION A - THURSDAY
I-Th-A1 (10:30-11:00)
Jean Léotin, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Toulouse, France
Magneto-Optics from Faraday to Nowadays
We report on recent advances in magneto-optics that took place in the terahertz spectrum by
implementing time-domain spectroscopy techniques. The significant breakthrough of this technique
is the control of not only the polarisation of the probing wave, as Michael Faraday did with
incoherent blackbody visible radiation, but also its amplitude, frequency and phase. To date, the
challenge remains for probing condensed matter systems to develop time-domain magneto-
spectroscopy in very high magnetic fields that are only reached by pulsed magnets. We report the
first implementation of this goal in pulsed magnetic field by measuring cyclotron resonance of holes
in germanium. On the other hand, we also present a compact magneto-spectrometer that uses THz
quantum cascade lasers with a 60 T pulsed magnet. At the end, a table-top Faraday rotation
experiment in pulsed magnetic field will be displayed.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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I-Th-A2 (11:00-11:30)
Jens Niegemann, Christopher Prohm, Michael König, Timo Köllner and Kurt Busch, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Germany
Modeling Plasmonic Nanostructures
The numerical analysis of plasmonic nano-structures typically consists of (at least) two, somewhat
related, challenges. First, one needs to accurately solve Maxwell's equations in order to properly
model the electromagnetic part of the plasmonic excitation. Second, one also has to find and solve
an appropriate material model, which describes the electronic response of the metallic
nanostructure. For solving Maxwell's equations, we propose to use a discontinuous Galerkin method
as an accurate and efficient time-domain solver. This method has the great advantage, that it is
readily extended to handle hydrodynamic equations which we employ to model the non-local and
non-linear electronic response of plasmonic nanostructures. In this presentation, I will briefly
introduce our methodology and show recent results on the characterization of metallic nano-spheres
and dimers.
I-Th-A3 (11:30-12:00)
Geoff Steeves, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Canada
Photon counting with MKID detectors
Single photon sensitivity is a frontier in detector physics. Avalanche photodiodes and
photomultiplier tubes have achieved this goal in the visible and near IR wavelength range. Outside
this range from the infra-red to microwave radiation, there is a race to develop new detector
technologies with single photon sensitivity. Ultrasensitive photo-detectors operating in this range
would benefit broad fields of research, from astrophysics to quantum computing and quantum
communications. Here I will present a promising new approach towards single photon detection.
The approach is based on the kinetic inductance of electrons in high Q superconducting micro-
resonators. Patterned polycrystalline TiN thin film resonators have recently been shown to be an
exceptional material for these applications with high normal resistivity, and in the superconducting
state, low microwave dissipation and high Q‟s > 10^7. This discovery has renewed interest in using
superconducting micro-resonators for photon-detectors and detector arrays.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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SESSION B - THURSDAY
I-Th-B1 (13:00-13:30)
Dmitry Smirnov, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32312, USA
High field optical magneto-spectroscopy of graphite
The unique properties found in a single sheet of carbon atoms, graphene, had inspired many studies
in the graphene‟s parent compound, graphite. The band structure of graphite is commonly described
by the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure (SWM) tight-binding model. At the high-symmetry points of
the Brillouin zone, graphite‟s band structure can be understood as a combination of a monolayer
graphene model, which describes the holes at the H-point as massless Dirac fermions, and an
effective bilayer model, which describes the electrons at the K-point as massive Schrödinger
fermions with an adjusted coupling constant.
Recently we performed high-field magneto-Raman scattering and infrared reflectance studies of
graphite in high magnetic fields up to 45T and 31T, respectively. The experimental results reveal a
complex spectrum of excitations due to both the Schrödinger-like (K-point) and Dirac-like (H-
point) inter Landau levels transitions as well as the effects of electron-phonon coupling. In
particular, the intense magnetic field resolves the transitions caused by the symmetry breaking of
the doubly degenerate E3 band near the charge-neutrality point and splitting of interband transitions
due to electron-hole asymmetry.
A good qualitative description of the observed transition energies can be obtained using a model
based on the effective bilayer approximation modified to include electron-hole asymmetry. Still,
neither model provides a satisfactory description of the lowest Landau levels which calls further
theoretical efforts.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
32
I-Th-B2 (13:30-14:00)
Russell Thompson, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology,
University of Waterloo, Canada
Self-Assembling Nanostructures with Mistakes… On Purpose
Self-assembly, a powerful route to the formation of nanostructures, is often limited by defects. This
is certainly an issue with block copolymers and block copolymer nanocomposite systems.
Experiments have shown that defects in block copolymer nanocomposites can perhaps be predicted
based on certain design rules. This would go a long way to allowing the formation of more perfect
self-assembled nanostructures in these systems, but it also opens intriguing possibilities for
deliberately engineering in defects. Unfortunately, block copolymer nanocomposite experiments are
not easy to perform. In this talk, I'll introduce some preliminary results from self-consistent field
theory and density functional theory calculations performed in my group that show agreement with
experiment and offer explanations for experimentally observed design rules. The theoretical
approach in principle allows one to make predictions about block copolymer nanocomposite defects
with much higher throughput than with experiment alone.
I-Th-B3 (14:30-15:00)
Michel Côté, Nicolas Bérubé and Simon Lévesque, Département de physique, Université de
Montréal, Canada
Design of polymers for photovoltaic application: an ab initio approach
Organic materials offer an alternative approach in the fabrication of photovoltaic devices. They
have the potential to greatly reduce the production cost, they are flexible and light weight. Although
devices made of organic materials such as polymers are not as efficient as inorganic
semiconductors, their performance is increasing rapidly reaching presently close to 8%. The search
for better photovoltaic polymers is very active, and ab initio calculations can help in this pursuit by
assessing potential polymers and evaluate their value even before they are synthesized. In this
presentation, I will discuss the important electronic proprieties needed for polymers used in
photovoltaic devices and illustrate how ab initio calculations can help design even better polymers. I
will address the questions of how to calculate Voc and propose candidate polymers to replace the
presently used PCBM as electron conductors in photovoltaic devices.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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SESSION C - THURSDAY
I-Th-C1 (15:30-16:00)
Gyaneshwar Srivastava, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, U.K.
Theory of phonon transport in nanostructured semiconductors
We present a theory of phonon transport in nanostructured semiconductors. For this, we discuss our
recently derived expressions for phonon scatterings by interface mass mixing, interface dislocations,
and anharmonicity in nanostructured semiconductor superlattices. The relative importance of these
scattering mechanisms for Si/Ge and GaAs/AlAs superlattices is quantified from numerical
calculations of the phonon conductivity tensor within the single-mode relaxation time scheme. The
numerical calculations employ the phonon dispersion relations using an enhanced adiabatic bond
charge model, a model anharmonic crystal potential, and a special q-points scheme for realistic
Brillouin zone integration. The lattice thermal conductivity of Si nanowires is calculated using
Debye's isotropic continuum method for phonon dispersion and Brillouin zone integration. Phonon
transport in Si/Ge superlattices is contrasted with that in Si nanowires. Using our numerical results,
we discuss the role of dimensionality in nanostructuring semiconductors for achieving desired
thermal properties.
I-Th-C2 (17:00-17:30)
Jean Desforges, Tahar B.-Messaoud, Luc Robichaud, Martin Leblanc and Serge Gauvin, University
of Moncton, Moncton, Canada
Optical and morphological properties of zirconium oxide thin films deposited by DC reactive
magnetron sputtering: the influence of temperature and ultraviolet irradiation
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has highly attractive optical properties such as low absorption of light, high
refractive index, high transparency over a wide spectral range and high pulsed laser damage
threshold. For this reason, ZrO2 films are widely used in the optical and electronic industries. For
example, ZrO2 is often used as the high index material in the fabrication of Bragg mirrors. Our
results show that the properties of these films depend on the deposition method used, the deposition
conditions (substrate nature, temperature, deposition rate and so on) and on post deposition
treatments like heating and ultraviolet irradiation. In this talk, I will review the research done on
ZrO2 thin films deposited by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering. Heating and ultraviolet
irradiation are used as post-deposition processes to complete the oxidation of the films. I will
discuss how these processes also affect the optical and morphological properties of the films.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
34
I-Th-C3 (17:30-18:00)
Alioscia Hamma, Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics, Canada
Topological order at finite temperature and the quest for quantum memory
We discuss the existence of stable topological quantum memory at finite temperature. At stake here
is the fundamental question of whether it is in principle possible to store quantum information for
macroscopic times without the intervention from the external world, that is, without error
correction. We show how this problem is of fundamental importance in quantum statistical
mechanics. We consider the toric code in two dimensions with an additional bosonic field that
couples to the defects, in the presence of a generic environment at finite temperature: the toric-
boson model. We show that, in the topological phase, there is a finite temperature below which
open strings are confined and therefore the lifetime of the memory can be made arbitrarily
(polynomially) long in system size. The interaction with the bosonic field yields a long range
attractive force between the end points of open strings, but leaves closed strings and
topological order intact.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
35
PLENARY AND
INVITED TALK
ABSTRACTS:
Friday, March 11th
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
36
PLENARY - FRIDAY
P-Fr (9:00-10:00)
Sajeev John, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Canada
Photonic band gap materials: Light-trapping crystals
Photonic band gap (PBG) materials [1,2] are artificial periodic dielectric microstructures capable of
trapping light in three-dimensions [3] on sub-wavelength scales without absorption loss. This offers
new opportunities for efficient solar energy trapping and harvesting in suitably microstructured thin
films [4]. It also enables virtually complete control of the flow of light on microscopic scales in a
3D optical chip [5-7] as well as very strong coupling of light to matter where desired. By further
engineering the electromagnetic density of states [8-10] within the chip it is possible to realize
unprecedented coherent optical control of the quantum state of resonant atoms or quantum dots [11,
12]. This defines a fundamentally new strong-coupling regime for quantum optics. It enables
multiple-wavelength channel optical logic to be performed on a chip on picosecond time scales at
microwatt power levels.
I discuss further consequences of light trapping in classical and quantum electrodynamics. I also
discuss the challenges and requirements for materials fabrication to realize these remarkable effects.
1. S. John, Physical Review Letters 58, 2486 (1987)
2. E. Yablonovitch, Physical Review Letters 58, 2059 (1987)
3. S. John, Physical Review Letters 53, 2169 (1984)
4. A. Chutinan and S. John, Physical Review A 78, 023825 (2008)
5. A. Chutinan, S. John, and O. Toader, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 123901 (2003)
6. A. Chutinan and S. John, Physical Review B 72, 16, 161316 (2005)
7. A Chutinan and S. John, Optics Express 14 (3), 1266 (2006)
8. D. Vujic and S. John, Physical Review A 76, 063814 (2007)
9. R.Z. Wang and S. John, Physical Review A 70, 043805 (2004)
10. R.Z. Wang and S. John, J. Photonics and Nanostructures (Elsevier) 2, 137 (2004)
11. Xun Ma and Sajeev John, Physical Review Letters 103, 233601 (2009)
12. Xun Ma and Sajeev John, Physical Review A 80, 063810 (2009)
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
37
SESSION A - FRIDAY
I-Fr-A1 (10:30-11:00)
Michael Flatté, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, USA
Spin-Photon Entanglement: From a Single Spin to a Nanomagnet
Electronic spins in semiconductors can have exceptionally long coherence times, during which time
they can interact and become entangled with photonic fields. For example, a single spin confined to
a quantum dot can become fully entangled with a single photon in a microcavity, providing a
mechanism for implementing teleportation. For a stronger light field the single spin behaves as if it
experiences an effective, large magnetic field, and coherently precesses. When a collection of spins
is exchange-locked to form a macrospin in a nanomagnet, and is illuminated by a strong light field,
coherent entangled states involving large numbers of photon states and spin orientations are formed.
These interaction mechanisms and coherent spin-photon states provide the essential link between
spintronic and photonic quantum information devices by permitting quantum information to be
exchanged between them. This work was supported by an ONR MURI and by DARPA/ARO.
I-Fr-A2 (11:00-11:30)
Michel Gingras, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo
Collective Phenomena in LiHoxY1-xF4 Quantum Ising Magnet: Recent Progress and Open
Questions
The Ising model of "spins" that can only have two possible "up" or "down" states is the simplest
model that exhibits the essential physics of temperature driven, or classical, collective phenomena
in Nature. Hundred years of theoretical studies have just about clarified everything that can be
asked about the Ising model. Over the past twenty-five years, attention has turned towards quantum
mechanical versions of the Ising model in order to explore the problem of quantum fluctuations and
quantum phase transitions in condensed matter physics. Perhaps surprisingly, on the experimental
side, Ising materials are few and far between. One such material is LiHoF4, and its random
disordered variant, LiHoxY1-xF4, where Ho3+
ions are the magnetic moment carrying species that
can be described by an Ising spin variable. Since the mid 1980s, the behaviour of this material has
defied standard theoretical expectations whenever quantum fluctuations are induced in this system
by an applied magnetic field transverse to the Ho3+
magnetic moments. In this talk, I will review the
interesting physics of quantum fluctuations and random disorder in LiHoxY1-xF4 and the recent
progress made in understanding the behaviour of this material in presence of random disorder and
transverse-field induced quantum fluctuations.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
38
I-Fr-A3 (11:30-12:00)
Federico Rosei, INRS Energie, Materiaux et Telecommunications, Université du Québec 1650
Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes (QC), Canada
Exploring molecular assembly at surfaces
The adsorption and self–assembly of organic molecules at surfaces has recently been investigated
extensively, both because of the fundamental interest and for prospective applications in
nanoelectronics [1,2]. Molecule–molecule and molecule–substrate interactions can be tuned by
appropriate choice of substrate material and symmetry. Upon molecular adsorption, surfaces
typically do not behave as static templates, but often rearrange to accommodate different molecular
species [3,4]. We review recent experiments using Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy, providing new
insight into fundamental properties such as molecular diffusion [5,6] and self–assembly via surface
templating [7-9] and H-bonding driven by co-adsorption [10-12]. Our approach is to modify
surfaces providing suitable surface cues, that may guide the assembly of adsorbates. Recent
advances in using the substrate as catalyst for surface confined polymerization reactions will also be
discussed [13-15].
[1] F. Rosei et al., Prog. Surf. Science 71, 95 (2003).
[2] R. Otero, F. Rosei, F. Besenbacher, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 57, 497 (2006).
[3] F. Rosei et al., Science 296, 328 (2002).
[4] R. Otero, F. Rosei, et al., Nanoletters 4, 75 (2004).
[5] M. Schunack, T.R. Linderoth, F. Rosei, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 156102 (2002).
[6] J. Miwa et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 3164 (2006).
[7] R. Otero, Y. Naitoh, F. Rosei et al., Angew. Chem. 43, 4092 (2004).
[8] F. Cicoira et al., Small, 2, 1366 (2006).
[9] F. Cicoira et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 12674 (2007).
[10] K.G. Nath et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 4212 (2006).
[11] K.G. Nath et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 16996 (2007).
[12] J. MacLeod et al., Nanotechnology 18, 424031 (2007).
[13] D.F. Perepichka, F. Rosei, Science 322, 216 (2009).
[14] J. Lipton-Duffin et al., Small 5, 592 (2009).
[15] J. Lipton-Duffin et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 107, 11200 (2010).
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
39
SESSION B - FRIDAY
I-Fr-B1 (13:00-13:30)
Godfrey Gumbs, Hunter College of the City University of New York, USA
Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Plasma Excitations and Electron Transport in
Graphene
Recent advantages in the fabrication techniques of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) together with the
long electron mean free path have stimulated considerable interest in their potential applications as
interconnects in nano circuits. We have demonstrated that when GNRs are placed in mutually
perpendicular electric and magnetic fields, there are dramatic changes in their band structure and
transport properties. The electric field across the ribbon induces multiple chiral Dirac points,
whereas a perpendicular magnetic field induces partially formed Landau levels accompanied by
dispersive surface-bound states. Each of the fields by itself preserves the original even parity of the
subband dispersion, maintaining the Dirac fermion symmetry. When applied together, their
combined effect is to reverse the dispersion parity to being odd with Ee,k = -Eh,-k and to mix
electron and hole subbands within an energy range equal to the potential drop across the ribbon.
Broken Dirac symmetry suppresses the wave function delocalization and the Zitterbewegung effect.
The Butikker formula for the conductance holds true for the odd k symmetry. This, in turn, causes
the ballistic conductance to oscillate within this region which can be used to design tunable field-
effect transistors. We have also calculated the plasma excitations for single and double graphene
layers in the presence of a circularly polarized electric field. The spectroscopy of these ``dressed"
Dirac fermions using a beam of electrons as a probe will also be reported.
I-Fr-B2 (14:00-14:30)
Vladimir Miransky, Department of Applied Math, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Theory of quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene
Utilizing the Baym-Kadanoff formalism with the polarization function calculated in the random
phase approximation, the dynamics of the ν=0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4 quantum Hall states in bilayer
graphene is analyzed. In particular, in the undoped graphene, corresponding to the state ν =0, two
phases with nonzero energy gap, the ferromagnetic and layer asymmetric ones, are found. The
phase diagram in the plane (Δ0,B), where Δ0 is a top-bottom gates voltage imbalance, is described.
It is shown that the energy gaps in these phases scale linearly, ΔE~10 B [T] K, with magnetic field.
The ground states of the doped states, with ν=±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, are also described. The comparison of
these results with recent experiments in bilayer graphene is presented.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
40
I-Fr-B3 (14:30-15:00)
Boris Fainberg, G. Li and A. Nitzan, Faculy of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology, 52
Golomb St., Holon 58102, Israel and School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978,
Israel
Coherent charge transport through molecular nanojunctions: “Exciton blocking” and
interplay between “exciton” and Coulomb blocking in the wire
We consider exciton effects on current in molecular nanojunctions, using a model comprising a two
two-level sites bridge connecting free-electron reservoirs. Expanding the density operator in the
many-electron eigenstates of the uncoupled sites, we obtain a 16x16 density matrix in the bridge
subspace whose dynamics is governed by Liouville equation that takes into account interactions on
the bridge as well as electron injection and damping to and from the leads. Our consideration is
substantialy simplified by using the pseudospin description based on the symmetry properties of Lie
group SU(2). We study the influence of the bias voltage, the Coulomb repulsion, and the energy-
transfer interactions on the steady-state current and, in particular, focus on the effect of the excitonic
interaction between bridge sites. In case of noninteracting electrons this interaction leads to
reduction in the current at high voltage. In other words, we predict the effect of “exciton” blocking.
The effect of exciton blocking disappears for strong Coulomb repulsion at sites. In the latter case
the exciton type interactions can open new channels for electronic conduction. In particular, in the
case of strong Coulomb repulsion, conduction exists even when the electronic connectivity does not
exist. We also study the interplay between “exciton” and Coulomb blocking and present the results
of the Green‟s-function calculations of the adsorption of organic molecules on noble metal
nanoparticles. The latter elucidates coupling between a molecular bridge and a metallic lead.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
41
ORAL
PRESENTATION
ABSTRACTS:
Thursday, March 10th
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
42
SESSION B - THURSDAY
OA-Th-B1 (14:00-14:05)
M. Shafiq Ahmed, Faranak Sharifi, Reg Bauld and Giovanni Fanchini, Dept. of Physics &
Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Transparent and Conducting Graphene films for Optoelectronics
Graphene is two-dimensional crystal that consists of one-atom thick sheet of carbon atoms. The
discovery of individual sheets of Graphene and their characterization has led to the 2010 Nobel
Prize in Physics. Graphene has excellent electronic, optical and transport properties. Monolayer
Graphene can be produced by a number of techniques, such as micro mechanical cleavage,
reduction of Graphene oxide and liquid phase exfoliation of graphite in different solutions.
However, most techniques only lead to monolayers up to a few tens of µm in size, while large-area
grapheme thin films may find applications as flexible transparent conductors to be used in nano-
optoelectronics. In this work liquid phase exfoliation of nano-graphite was done in water using
surfactants. Large-area graphene films were subsequently prepared on glass and silicon substrates
by the vacuum filtration method. Films were characterized electrically and optically and have
shown resistivity as low as 175k /□ with 20% transmittance in the visible-near IR range. Films
morphology was characterized by atomic force microscopy and near field optical microscopy. Work
is in progress to improve the conductivity of films while keeping their transparency high.
OA-Th-B2 (14:05-14:10)
Mohammad H. Ansari and Frank K. Wilhelm, Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC), University
of Waterloo, Canada
Critical current noise and junction resonators in Josephson junction from interacting trap
states
We analyze the impact of trap states in the oxide layer of superconducting tunnel junctions on
fluctuations of the Josephson current and thus on the coherence in superconducting quantum
computation devices. We investigate two mechanisms: current blockage from repulsion from
occupied trap states, as well as the noise from electrons hopping across a trap. We extend the
previous studies of non-interacting traps to the case where the traps have on-site electron repulsion.
Remarkably, interactions can reverse the supercurrent across the trap and suppresses the low
frequency critical current noise from superconducting qubits.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
43
OA-Th-B3 (14:10-14:15)
E.G. Barbagiovanni1, D.J. Lockwood
2, L.V. Goncharova
1, P.J. Simpson
1,
1Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7, 2National
Research Council Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
Effect of Crystallinity on Quantum Confinement in Si and Ge Nano-Structures
We have studied the effects of quantum confinement (QC) in Si and Ge for 1D, 2D and 3D nano-
structures. Many experimental results for QC which clearly demonstrate modifications to the
electronic structure as a function of nano-structure size have been reported. Experimentally,
modifications to the electronic structure can be measured as a change in the band gap, using optical
spectroscopy. However, the magnitude of this modification due solely to nano-structure size (or
QC) is unclear since other contributions exist, such as stress and interface states. Theoretically,
several models have been applied to these systems with varying degrees of success from an
empirical perspective. Nonetheless, a detailed classification of the effect of materials parameters
and the growth conditions of the nano-structure has not been achieved. Such a classification would
allow for the formulation of a universal description of QC in semiconductors, whereby one could
predict the resulting change in the electronic structure. We have used a relatively simple model of
QC, described by a 'particle-in-a-box' model as a perturbation to the effective mass theory. The
choice in the model was made in order to distinguish contributions that are solely due to the effects
of QC. Both crystalline and amorphous nano-structures have been studied. It was found that the
hole becomes de-localized in the case of amorphous materials, which leads to stronger confinement
effects.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
44
OA-Th-B4 (14:15-14:20)
Styliani Constas, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Stability of highly charged nanodroplets with respect to proton release.
Charged nanodroplets constitute distinct environment for chemical
processes. The environment strongly affect reaction mechanisms
and rates of the chemical reactions comparing to those in the
solution. Molecular simulation methods provide unique insight in
mechanisms of ion transfer processes in such charged environments
that is difficult to infer using experimental techniques. The
nanodroplets under study contain net charge due to presence of
charged aminoacids or multiply protonated peptides. We study the
effect of the nano-cluster net charge
on the proton transfer mechanism. We
determined that the mechanism of the
proton transfer is connected to the stability of a charged droplet. The
stability of the charged droplet according to the Rayleigh criterion
depends on the droplet surface tension, net charge and volume.
Depending on whether the corresponding droplet is stable or not the
nano-cluster conformation and the proton transfer mechanism may
change. It is found that beyond the Rayleigh limit polyhistidine with
protonated imidazole rings surrounded by water molecules takes
extended conformations. The surrounding solvent molecules form
distinct spiny scructures around the charged macromolecule shown in
the inset figure. The study indicates that in such structured solvent
environment the proton transfer reactions are slower than in the
corresponding bulk solvent surroundings. The finding is couter-intuitive because in a supercharged
systems proton release and break down of the droplet allow the system to become more stable.
However, the water spines prevent sufficient solvation of the proton. The stability of the charged
systems with respect to proton release is important in understanding the conditions and outcomes of
electrospray experiments.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
45
OA-Th-B5 (14:20-14:25)
Rajat Dey and Jayshri Sabarinathan, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Univeristy of Western Ontario, Canada
Comparison Between Photonic Crystal Based Y-Junction and MMI Power Splitter
Numerous planar PC optical components have been investigated theoretically and experimentally
by several researchers for guiding and routing through bends, branches and waveguides crossings
Recently PC based power splitters have been investigated for their potential applications in
multi/demultiplexers for the optical communication area. We previously proposed a novel idea of
1×4 power splitter based on quasi 2-D PC line defect waveguides (LDWs) integrated with
multimode interference (MMI) block. This paper will present a comparison of this type of PC
splitter with traditional Y-junction based 1×4 power splitter to investigate the losses and low
bandwidth issues faced with designing PC based power splitters.
OA-Th-B6 (14:25-14:30)
Hossein Ismaili and Mark S. Workentin, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario,
Canada
Diazirine photochemistry to prepare gold nanoparticle-based hybrid materials
Photochemical reactions of suitably functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be utilized to
chemically modify AuNPs and covalently attach them onto the wide variety of materials under mild
conditions. Diazirine, as an excellent carbene precursor, readily generates the reactive carbene
intermediate by photoinitiated nitrogen extrusion. We describe the design synthesis of
diazirine-modified AuNPs (Diaz-AuNPs) and demonstrate that irradiation of the terminal
diazirine group creates a reactive carbene at the interface of the AuNPs. Photochemically
generated carbenes undergo addition reactions with functional groups on the material
surfaces, leading to formation of gold nanoparticle-based hybrids. Using this approach, we
prepared hybrids such as AuNP-CNT, AuNP-Diamond, AuNP-Graphene, and AuNP-Glass.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
46
SESSION C - THURSDAY
OA-Th-C1 (16:00-16:05)
Yeongyoon Kim and Russell B. Thompson, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Testing Classical Nucleation Theory for Nano-Cellular Polymeric Foam
In nano-sized polymeric foam, the bubble size is comparable with the polymer size. Thus, we see
the bubble surface as a curved surface, whereas the bubble surface is a flat surface in CNT
(Classical Nucleation Theory). We found out that the potential barrier of the homogeneous bubble
nucleation in our SCFT(Self Consistent Field Theory) calculation is much smaller than the potential
barrier calculated by using CNT. Whereas in CNT surface tension and volume free energy density
are constant, in our result, surface tension and volume free energy density keeps changing as a
function of radius r. Therefore, we see that the decreasing surface tension and increasing the volume
free energy at smaller bubble makes the potential barrier small. Unlike the CNT, we observed that
the volume fractions in outside bubble deviated from the equilibrium volume fractions more at
smaller bubble. Also, by analyzing the components of surface tension, we observed that the polymer
configurational entropy is increasing and the internal energy is decreasing at smaller bubbles.
Therefore, we see that microscopic origins of the much smaller potential barrier than the potential
barrier in CNT are the increasing polymer configurational entropy and the decreasing internal
energy due to the sharper curvature at smaller bubble of nano-sized polymeric foam.
OA-Th-C2 (16:05-16:10)
Tetyana Levchenko, Christian Kübel, John F. Corrigan and Yining Huang, University of Western
Ontario, Canada
From Molecule to Materials: Crystalline Superlattices of Nanoscopic CdS
Low-dimensional semiconductor structures continue to be the focus of attention due to the great
potential for their application in optics, electronics and biological labelling. To effectively utilize
the size-dependent properties of nanoparticles in group 12-16 systems (metal “M”: Zn, Cd, Hg;
chalcogen “E”: S, Se, Te), strict control of size dispersity is essential. One route to circumvent
polydispersity may lie in the synthesis of nanoclusters, for which well defined crystalline tetrahedral
ME cores are encapsulated and stabilized by a shell of chalcogen based ligands (i.e. SPh−). We are
developing a novel approach for the synthesis of monodisperse CdS nanoclusters. Our experiments
show that a crystalline 3D superlattice of monodisperse 2.3 nm molecular nanoclusters
(characterized using HRTEM and STEM tomography, powder XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy) can be
prepared from mononuclear precursor (Me4N)2[Cd(SPh)4]. These are the largest ever isolated and
characterized molecular CdS nanoclusters, expanding the boundaries of this area of nanoscience.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
47
OA-Th-C3 (16:10-16:15)
Xiangbo (Henry) Meng, Ruying Li and Xueliang (Andy) Sun, The University of Western Ontario,
Canada
Atomic Layer Deposition: A New Technique to Synthesize Novel Nanocomposites for
Renewable Clean Energy Conversion and Storage
Nowadays, it is widely recognized that nanostructured materials are providing many potential
solutions to the ever-growing challenges of our modern society. Of various nanosysthesis strategies,
atomic layer deposition (ALD) represents a new tendency with many beneficial factors. In
comparison to traditional methods, ALD is superior in precise control, large-scale uniformity,
excellent conformality, and low growth temperature. In our study, ALD is applied to develop novel
nanostructured composites for renewable clean energy conversion and storage. In addition to the
mechanism of ALD, I will introduce a series of novel nanocomposites synthesized by ALD, such as
F2O3, SnO2, and TiO2 based on graphene or carbon nanotubes. It will be demonstrated that ALD as
a nanosynthesis route exhibits some unique characteristics, and that it can tune not only
morphologies but structural phases of the as-deposited materials as well. In particular, these
synthesized nanocomposites show great potential for renewable energy conversion and storage, and
their performance in lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells will be disclosed.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
48
OA-Th-C4 (16:15-16:20)
Anil Kumar Mudraboyina and Jayshri Sabarinathan, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Univeristy of Western Ontario, Canada
Two-Channel Photonic Crystal Wavelength Splitter for Sensor Application
We present a hybrid photonic crystal wavelength splitter for sensor applications. The main idea is to
demonstrate refractive index dependence on wavelength. We simulated thin layer of materials with
varying thickness on top of this device and found that these two PC channels transmitting different
wavelength have different sensitivities to the same material coated on its surface. We found that
channel 1 has 0.223nm/nm sensitivity to change in thickness of material on its surface and it
saturates after 200nm and channel 2 has 0.115nm/nm sensitivity to change in thickness of material
on its surface and it saturates after 200nm. Device response to varying refractive index was also
simulated from 1.35-1.6 and similar phenomena were observed. For a refractive index change of
1.35 channel 1 and 2 show a shift of 11.56nm and 2.19nm shift respectively with channel 1
exhibiting the higher response.
OA-Th-C5 (16:20-16:25)
Ilya G. Ryabinkin and Viktor N. Staroverov, Department of Chemistry, University of Western
Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
An explicitly correlated method for two electrons in a two-dimensional square box
Two Coulombically interacting electrons constrained to stay on the surface of a two-dimensional
square box are studied by the full diagonalization method. The Hamiltonian is written in the center-
of-mass and relative coordinates. The wave function is expanded in a series of coordinate products
that are multiplied by the zeroth and the first powers of r12. This expansion is shown to be
equivalent to a series that contains higher powers of r12. We calculated explicitly correlated wave
functions and energies for the lowest singlet electronic state for boxes with a side of 1, 5, 20, and 50
bohrs. The energy estimates are converged up to 16 decimals compared to 3-4 decimal places that
can be obtained with the conventional (without r12) approach.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
49
OA-Th-C6 (16:25-16:30)
Daryoush Shiri1, Jie Liu
2, S. S. Saini
1, C. R. (Selva) Selvakumar
1 and M. P. (Anant) Anantram
2,
1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,
2Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
First Principle Study of Photoluminescence in Silicon Nanowires
We will present a brief review of experimental and theoretical evidences of visible PL from narrow
silicon nanowires followed by our recent calculations. Using ab-initio Density Functional Theory
within SIESTA® package and semi-empirical sp3d5s* Tight Binding method we have calculated
the radiative life time in Silicon nanowires (SiNW). It is observed that the radiative life is 10nsec,
100nsec, 1usec, 10 µsec and 100usec for 0.7nm, 1.7nm, 2.3nm, 3.1nm and 4nm [110] SiNWs,
respectively. The life time decrease with decreasing the diameter of SiNW is consistent with the
previous theoretical works and PL experiments on silicon nano-pillars within porous media. We
observed a blue shift in spontaneous emission spectrum of nanowires with diameter decrease. This
is in agreement with recent experimental PL measurements of narrow SiNWs. Strong anisotropy in
the calculated emission and absorption spectrum of nanowires confirms the dependency on the
photon polarization in photocurrents of recent nanowire-based photodetectors.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
50
OA-Th-C7 (16:30-16:35)
Shuhui Sun1, Gaixia Zhang
1, Ruying Li
1, Mei Cai
2 and Andy X. Sun
1,
1Department of Mechanical
and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9 Canada, 2General Motors R&D Center, Warren, MI 48090-9055, USA
[email protected] (S. Sun) and [email protected] (X. Sun)
Platinum Nanowire-based Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalyst for PEM Fuel Cells
The design of highly active and stable Pt electrocatalysts is a key for accelerating the
commercialization of PEM fuel cells. Interestingly, it has been established that the catalytic
reactivity and durability of Pt highly depends on their morphology, and therefore the synthesis of Pt
with specific nanostructures has become an area of considerable interest. Here, we report a new
approach to address both activity and durability challenges of PEM fuel cells by using one-
dimensional (1D) Pt nanowires (4 nm in diameter) as electrocatalyst. This new type of Pt nanowire
electrocatalyst exhibit 3-times better specific activity and 5-folds better durability than the state of
the art commercial catalyst made of Pt nanoparticles [1-3]
. More interestingly, the diameter of Pt
nanowires could be further decreased down to 2.5 nm, which is very important for further
enhancing the fuel cell performance [4]
. In addition, the Pt nanowires could be grown on Sn@CNT
nanocable 3D electrode, which exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance in ORR, methanol
oxidation, and CO tolerance [5]
. [1] S. H. Sun, D. Q. Yang, D. Villers, G. X. Zhang, E. Sacher, J. P. Dodelet, Adv. Mater. 20 (2008) 571.
[2] S. H. Sun, F. Jaouen, J. P. Dodelet, Adv. Mater. 20 (2008) 3900.
[3] S. H. Sun, G. X. Zhang, D. S. Geng, Y. G. Chen, R. Y. Li, M. Cai, X. L. Sun, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 (2011)
422. (VIP+Cover page)
[4] S. H. Sun, G. X. Zhang, Y. Zhong, H. Liu, R. Y. Li, X. R. Zhou, X. L. Sun, Chem. Commun. 45 (2009) 7048.
[5] S. H. Sun, G. X. Zhang, D. S. Geng, Y. G. Chen, R. Y. Li, M. Cai, M. Banis, X. L. Sun, Chemistry-A European
Journal. 16 (2010) 829. (Inside Cover)
OA-Th-C8 (16:35-16:40)
Deepak Tripathi, Lalita Bhasin, R. Uma and V. K. Tripathi, Center for Energy Studies, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
Generation of Terahertz radiation by a Gaussian laser beam in a plasma
The nonlinear interaction of amplitude modulated laser beams with a cylindrical plasma column and
generation of terahertz radiation are studied. A two dimensional Gaussian laser beam propagating
through the plasma exerts a ponderomotive force on electrons, imparting them a resonant transverse
velocity at the modulation frequency, , when 2p, where p is the plasma frequency of the
column The current produces terahertz radiation. In the case of a cylindrically symmetric Gaussian
laser beam the electron response to ponderomotive force misses the resonance, yet the phase
matching introduced by a density ripple could efficiently produce terahertz radiation.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
51
OA-Th-C9 (16:40-16:45)
Nasrin Farhangi, Yaocihuatl Medina-González and Paul A. Charpentier, Department of Chemical
and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of graphene sheets by simple sonication method for
photovoltaic applications
Recently, several reports have examined various carbon materials for enhancing the properties of
TiO2 due to their small band gap which can help to improve the optical properties of TiO2.
Moreover, most of the carbon materials have high mechanical and chemical stability, along with
high surface area. When using these mesoporous carbonaceous materials with small band gap, TiO2
can be dispersed on their surface while creating active sites. After interfacing of the materials,
electrons of TiO2 and the carbonaceous materials flow between one another, helping to align the
Fermi energy levels. 8Carbonaceous materials can also help stabilize the charge separation by
trapping the electrons transferred from TiO2, thereby hindering charge recombination.
In this work, Functionalized Graphene Sheets (FGSs) and TiO2 (anatase) hybrid composites
containing various FGSs/TiO2 ratios were synthesized via a facile sonication assisted method using
ethanol as a green solvent. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by a variety of
physico- chemical techniques, SEM and TEM images showed uniform dispersion of TiO2
nanoparticles on the graphene sheets while FTIR and XPS confirmed coordination bonding between
TiO2 and -COOH groups on the surface of the graphene sheets. In Raman spectroscopy, D/G ratio
increased significantly indicating high degree of functionalization of graphene sheets with TiO2
nanoparticles. Addition of FGSs resulted in decreasing of the band gap of nanocomposites and
improving their optical properties. Electron- hole recombination of TiO2 was reduced compared to
TiO2 itself. Improvement in the optical properties of the synthesized composites compared to TiO2
was confirmed by photocurrent measurements. The optimal ratio of FGSs/TiO2 was found to be
1:5; efficiency of the prepared photovoltaic cell increased 18 times compared to that of commercial
TiO2.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
52
OA-Th-C10 (16:45-16:50)
Chandra Sekhar Manda, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western
Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
Growth and characterization of magneto-optical materials for integrated optical isolator
applications
The miniaturization of device dimensions is essential to the development of a new generation of
ultra-comprehensive integrated circuits (ICs) that are based on iron garnet materials. Cerium and
Bismuth substituted iron garnets are most promising magneto-optical materials because of their
excellent magnetic and optical properties that can be achieved by appropriate chemical
substitutions. In this talk, it will be elaborated on Magneto-optical (MO) properties of co substituted
Ce2.2Bi0.8Fe5O12 (CeBiIG) thin films produced on Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG-111) substrates by Pulsed
Laser Deposition (PLD). The influences of Faraday rotation on the magneto-optical properties of a
new compound is studied and whose Faraday rotation 0.55-0.75 deg/μm has been proved to be the
highest ever reported in the class of iron garnet materials.
OA-Th-C11 (16:50-16:55)
Pradeep Kulkarni, Rajmal Jain and Malini Aggrawal, Department of Physics, Z.B.Patil College,
North Maharashtra University, Jalgoan, India
Relationship between CME dynamics and solar flare plasma
The relationship between the velocity of CMEs and the plasma temperature of the associated X-ray
solar flares is investigated. The velocity of CMEs increases with plasma temperature (R=0.82) and
photon index below the break energy (R=0.60) of X-ray flares. The heating of the coronal plasma
appears to be significant with respect to the kinetics of a CME from the reconnection region where
the flares also occurs. We process of conversion of the magnetic field energy of the active region to
heating/accelerating the coronal plasma in the reconnected loops. Results show that a flare and the
associated CME are two components of one energy release system, perhaps, magnetic field free
energy.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
53
OA-Th-C12 (16:55-17:00)
Pavlo Pyatkovskiy, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Polarization function of monolayer graphene in a magnetic field
We present an exact analytic result for the one loop dynamical polarization function of monolayer
graphene in the case of finite external magnetic field, chemical potential, temperature, band gap,
and width of Landau levels. The most general expression is given in terms of digamma functions
and generalized Laguerre polynomials, and has the form of double sum over Landau levels. We
consider some important limits of this expression and discuss the static screening the Coulomb
potential in the presence of magnetic field.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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ORAL
PRESENTATION
ABSTRACTS:
Friday, March 11th
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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SESSION B - FRIDAY
OA-Fr-B1 (13:30-13:35)
Sepideh Rezvani, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western
Ontario, Canada
A Microfluidics approach to the synthesis of novel polymeric microspheres reinforced with n-
TiO2
Polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) is a brittle polymer used in both commercial dental and bone
cement applications. Its poor mechanical properties leads to implant failures and revisions which is
a tremendous current problem as we live longer and more active lives. In this work, nanostructured
titanium dioxide (TiO2) is examined as a PMMA filler for enhancing mechanical properties. A
variety of bifunctional molecules are examined for coordination to the TiO2 through a –COOH
functionality with a vinyl functional group used for subsequent „grafting from‟ polymerization from
the TiO2 surface. TGA and water/MMA bilayer experiments are examined to investigate the
coordination reaction and stability of the nanostructures in MMA monomer.
To provide uniform polymer microspheres containing well dispersed nano TiO2 for integration into
the bone cements, a microfluidics approach is examined. A T-junction microfluidics reactor has
been designed which can control the size of microspheres by adjusting the reactor pressure, flow
rate of inlets, as well as the geometry of the micro-channels. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
model is solved for the theoretical and experimental comparison of the polymerization process. This
approach offers a potentially lower cost, adjustable process compared to other more traditional
polymerization approaches.
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Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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OA-Fr-B2 (13:35-13:40)
Mehrnaz Salarian and Paul A. Charpentier, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Synthesis of TiO2 nanofiber/PPF composites for biomaterial application
The aim of this study is to develop a biodegradable TiO2 nanofiber/PPF composite which may be
suitable for reinforcement of PPF-based bone cements. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) is found a
promising biodegradable material that has recently been examined for bone tissue engineering.
Nanostructured fillers such as TiO2 nanofibers play an important role in composite reinforcement.
In this work, PPF was synthesized following a two-step procedure, beginning with diethyl fumarate
and propylene glycol, and involving bis(hydroxypropyl) fumarate as an intermediate. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied to
study the functional groups and chemical structure of the polymer. TiO2 nanofibers were
synthesized by a direct sol-gel process using supercritical CO2 as an organic solvent. The
morphology and size of the fibers were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We expect
to achieve a significant increase in fracture toughness (KIC), flexural strength (FS), and flexural
modulus (FM), compared to the previously reported bone cements. The in vitro biocompatibility of
the cement reinforced with TiO2 nanofibers is also investigated using primary osteoblasts obtained
from rat calvarias.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
57
OA-Fr-B3 (13:40-13:45)
B.S. Bhadoria1, Rama Shankar Yadav
1 and Sarita Singh
2,
1Dept. of Physics, Bundelkhand
University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi (UP) India 284128, 2Dept. of Electronics and Communication,
MITS, Gole Ka Mandir, Gwalior (M.P.) India
Variation of Electronic States of Quantum Dot Structures
Semiconductor quantum dots are the center of research attention due to their unique electrical and
optical properties. The quantum dots are the 3D confinement nanostructure having the superior
characters of atom like density of states, large binding energy and enhanced oscillator strength. The
quantum dot shape and size exert significant on the electronic structure. In this paper, two type
geometry of quantum dot CUBOID and pyramidal are taken and discretisation of Schrödinger wave
equation is used to represent the ground state energy of electron and hole. It shows the variation of
electronic states of quantum dot due to base length, height, volume and aspect ratio. It represents
that energy has monotonic increasing nature on decreasing the quantum dot size and the energy
density is three times longer for base (height) variation than volume variation. It is also found that
the variation in aspect ratio affect the monotonic energy trends. This paper also represents the
amount of blue shift per unit variation. Further it compares the variation in electronic states due to
its shape Cuboid and Pyramidal. It represent that the pyramidal quantum dot electronic states
(Narrow tip) are higher energetic in compare to Cuboid quantum dot (broad tip). Quantum dots are
the material for the advance research and this study will provide the better path to choose the
material for device involving the optical tunable property
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
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OA-Fr-B4 (13:45-13:50)
S. Arghavan and A. V. Singh, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The
University of Western Ontario, London ON, Canada N6A 5B9
Free Vibration of Single Layer Graphene Sheets
Graphene, which is a flat layer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a 2D array of honeycomb-like
cells, is an important allotrope of carbon and also termed by many researchers as the mother of all
carbon based nano-structures. This stand alone crystal plane can be prepared by cleavage from the
most strongly layered graphitic material. It can be wrapped up into fullerenes, rolled into nanotubes
and stacked up to produce 3D graphite. Many different applications of graphene sheets in nano
electro mechanical systems have been reported in the literature owing to their superior electro-
mechanical properties. Studies are being done on on-going basis via advanced experimental and
mathematical techniques for the enhancements and better understanding of the mechanical
properties of graphene sheets. In this process different methods are suggested for simulating the
mechanical behavior of their structure. This paper is concerned with the out-of-plane and in-plane
vibrational behaviors of graphene sheets by the lattice structure and continuum plate theories. In the
lattice structure theory, graphene sheet is modeled as a plane horizontal grid of carbon atoms.
Carbon atoms are considered as the nodal points and each node carries the mass of the carbon atom
and has six degrees of freedom. The covalent bond between two adjacent carbon atoms is treated as
an extremely stiff frame element with all three axial, bending and torsional stiffness components.
Rectangular graphene sheet with all edges either simply supported or clamped are studied and will
be presented. The classical plate theory is very well established and understood by researchers for
the static and vibration analyses. Closed form solutions are readily available for rectangular plates,
but they require the values of the Young‟s modulus, Poisson‟s ratio and the thickness of the plate.
To take advantage of the above said closed form solutions, the equivalent Young‟s moduli for the
out-of-plane and in-plane deformation modes are obtained by performing static analysis on the
lattice structure model of the graphene sheet the Poisson‟s ratio of 0.16 and the thickness of 0.34 Å.
The equivalent Young‟s moduli are found to be approximately 0.112 TPa for the bending and in the
range of 1.03-1.04 TPa for the in-plane condition. The natural frequencies of the rectangular
graphene sheet with different aspect ratios are calculated from the two methods and discussed. As
the size of the graphene sheet increases, the agreement between the results from the two methods
improves drastically at all modes of vibration. The bending frequencies are one tenth in value of the
in-plane modes. The lattice structure models can easily become too large to handle on a digital
computer for reasonable size graphene sheets. This study suggests that continuum plate theory can
be used conveniently in such cases for reasonably accurate results.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
59
OA-Fr-B5 (13:50-13:55)
Rakesh Dhote, Roderick Melnik and Jean Zu, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department,
University of Toronto, Canada
Properties of Finite Length Shape Memory Alloy Nanowires and Dynamic Thermo-
Mechanical Coupling
In the last decade there has been an increasing interest in modeling the microstructures and
mechanical properties of shape memory alloy (SMA) nanostructures for their potential applications
in MEMS and NEMS technologies. The phase field model developed in papers of Lookman and
Saxena et al., Levitas et al., Bouville et al. have been limited to the mechanical physics under the
assumption of athermal phase transformations, although the SMAs have coupled thermo-
mechanical properties. In this paper, the dynamics of martensitic transformations in shape memory
alloy (SMA) finite nanostructures is studied by using the phase field model with the Ginzburg-
Landau free energy. The main aim of this paper is to develop a model that couples the thermal
physics and the mechanical dynamics and to study the influence of such coupling on the SMA
properties in nanostructures. We observed the significant impact of the coupled thermo-mechanical
physics on the stress-strain properties in FePd alloy nanowires.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
60
CONTRIBUTED
ABSTRACTS
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
61
A-1
Nafis Ahmad, V. K. Tripathi, M. Rafat and Mudassir M. Husain, Mewat Engineering College
(Wakf)
Parametric coupling of low frequency whistler to Alfven wave in a plasma
The parametric decay of a large amplitude electromagnetic wave in the ion cyclotron range of
frequency into a compressional Alfven wave and an electromagnetic sideband wave in a magnetized
plasma is investigated. The pump wave propagates in the direction of ambient magnetic field
whereas the decay waves propagate at oblique angles. When the pump wave is left circularly
polarized the decay is not permitted kinematically as the momentum of pump photon always
exceeds the sum of momenta of the decay wave photons. For the right circularly polarized whistler
mode pump the decay is permitted with sideband nearly right circularly polarized. The sideband and
the pump exert pondermotive force on ions and electrons that drive the Alfven wave. The frequency
and growth rate of the Alfven wave increase with the normalized pump frequency. The threshold
power density, determined by the collisional damping rates of the decay waves is rather modest.
A-2
P.N. Gupta and G.K. Prajapati, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (UP),
India
Transport properties of gel polymer electrolytes dispersed with silica nanoparticles
Nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) materials are receiving special attention owing to their
potential applications in advance ionic devices such as high performance solid state batteries, fuel
cell, supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors, electrochromic display devices etc. Polymer
electrolytes are the materials of significant importance as an excellent substitute of liquid
electrolytes. In order to get nanocomposite in thin film form different amount of silica nanoparticles
(size ~ 14 nm) were dispersed in the PVA based gel polymer electrolyte. Complex impedance
studies were carried out to determine the electrical conductivity using LCR Hi TESTER in the
frequency range 42 Hz to 5 MHz Temperature dependent conductivity of gel polymer electrolyte
dispersed with silica nanoparticles has been observed. Optimum room temperature conductivity of
nanocomposite film having substantially good mechanical strength has been achieved when a
particular amount of SiO2 nanoparticles are dispersed in the gel electrolyte. Variation of dielectric
constant, dielectric loss and tangent loss with frequency and temperature were studied with the aid
of impedance spectroscopy data.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
62
A-3
Kier von Konigslow, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada
Self-Assembly of Isotropic Nanoparticles
Our research concerns the self-assembly of isotropic nanoparticles. In this model, the particles
experience long-range repulsion and short-range attraction. We are treating these particles as fluid
while using a second type of particle to establish an excluded volume, thereby making the system
incompressible. It is our aim to use self-consistent field theory to examine the morphology of this
system. Having lightly probed this system in one dimension, further analysis is planned to extend
the model to three dimensions.
A-4
Updesh Verma and Ashok Kumar Sharma, Center for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India/G.D.C. Bilaspur, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh.
Laser frequency upshift and self-defocusing under avalanche breakdown of air A theoretical model of avalanche breakdown of air by a Gaussian laser beam and frequency upshift
is developed. The laser beam, below the threshold for tunnel ionization, heats the seed electrons to
high energy and initiates avalanche ionization of the air. The ensuing plasma density profile that has
maximum on axis and falls off radially causes refraction divergence of the beam. The temporal
evolution of plasma density causes self-phase modulation of the laser, causing frequency
broadening and spectral emission in the visible.
A-5
Rohtash Singh and V. K. Tripathi, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi,
India-110016
Ponderomotive acceleration of electrons by a self-focused laser pulse
Ponderomotive acceleration of electrons by a short laser pulse undergoing relativistic self focusing
in a plasma is investigated. The saturation in nonlinear plasma permittivity causes periodic self
focusing of the laser. The periodicity lengths are different for different axial segments of the pulse.
As a result pulse shape is distorted. An electron initially on the laser axis and at the front of the self
focusing pulse gains energy from the pulse until it is run over by the pulse peak. By the time
electron reaches to the tail, if pulse begins diverging, the deceleration of the electron is slower and
the electron is left with net energy gain. The electrons slightly off the laser axis see a radial
ponderomotive force too. Initially when they are accelerated by the pulse front the acceleration is
strong as they are closer to axis. When they see the tail of the pulse (after being run by the pulse)
they are farther from the axis and the retardation ponderomotive force is weaker.
International Conference on Frontier Topics in
Nanostructures and
Condensed Matter Theory
63
A-6
Aditya Maheshwari1, Aditya K. Singh
1, Devendra Kumar
1, Om Parkash
1 and S. B. Rai
2,
1Department of Ceramic Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,,
Varanasi(India)- 221005., 2Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (India)-
221005
Effect of Crystallization and Structure on luminescent properties of Er3+
/Yb3+
doped
Borosilicate Glass Ceramic System
Upconversion phenomenon in various glass ceramics is reported by doping of different rare earth
materials. In present investigation, rare earth ions Er3+
and Yb3+
were doped in SrO.TiO2
borosilicate glass ceramic to study the effect of the crystallization and structure on their
upconversion luminescence characteristics. Glass of suitable composition was prepared by melt
quench method (melting temp. 11500C). Phase and structure of glass ceramics and thereby
properties depend on the crystallization treatment. Therefore, various glass ceramic samples were
prepared by the controlled heat treatment in the temperature range 500 – 10000C. From X-ray
diffraction (XRD) study it is observed that no detectable crystalline phases formed in samples
treated till 8000C and well defined XRD peaks were observed in sample treated at 900
0C. XRD
analysis shows that two phases; TiO2 and SrTiO3 are present in the glass ceramic. Broader peaks of
SrTiO3 phase indicate that it is nano-crystalline. Because of approximately similar ionic radii of rare
earth ions Er3+
and Yb3+
and Sr2+
, SrTiO3 serve as host for Er3+
and Yb3+
ions. Thus, an optically
active Er3+
/ Yb3+
doped nano crystalline SrTiO3 glass ceramic material was prepared. At 9000C
heat treatment the glass became fully opaque and the opacity again decreased after 9000C.
Microstructural observation shows that the nucleation and growth is uniform all over in bulk. We
investigated the upconversion phenomenon in glass and differently crystallized glass ceramic
samples, by exciting it with 976nm diode laser (0.5 to 2mw Power). Yb3+
ion has large absorption
cross section for 976nm laser radiation; hence it absorbs the energy and transfers it to the Er3+
ion.
Green emissions occurred by the radiative transitions between 4S3/2 ,
2H11/2 and the ground level
4I15/2
of Er3+
ion i.e. 4S3/2→
4I15/2 and
2H11/2→
4I15/2 where as red emissions occurred by the radiative
transition between 4F9/2 and ground level
4I15/2 of Er
3+ ion i.e.
4F9/2→
4I15/2 . The emission intensities
of red and green emission in glass ceramic samples heat treated till 7000C are not much different
from that of the glass, but thereafter the emission intensity increased. But as the nano crystalline
structure is formed in the glass ceramic by crystallising it at 9000C, the emission intensity increased
drastically and becomes many more times greater than that of glass. Results show that 2photon and
3photon processes are responsible for upconversion emission. Energy Transfer (ET) and Excited
State Absorption (ESA) are the possible mechanisms for the upconversion.
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Aditya Maheshwari1, Devendra Kumar
1, S. B. Rai
2 and Om Parkash
1, Department of Ceramic
Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi (India)
Luminescence and Electrical Behaviour of Nano-Crystalline Er3+
/ Yb3+
Doped SrO.TiO2
Borosilicate Glass Ceramic
In this paper we would like to present the results of investigation on luminescence and electrical
behaviour of nano-crystalline Er3+
/ Yb3+
doped SrO.TiO2 borosilicate glass ceramic and study their
multifunctional behaviour. Er3+
/Yb3+
doped SrO.TiO2 borosilicate glass was prepared by melt
quench method. Glass was transparent with light-wine colour. Glass ceramic was prepared from
glass by controlled heat treatment at 9550C based on DTA (Differential thermal analysis) results.
Glass ceramic was fully opaque with brownish-cream colour. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD)
shows that two phases, Sr3Ti2O7 and Ti10O19, are present in the glass ceramic sample. X-ray line
broadening shows that particle size of Sr3Ti2O7 is smaller than that of Ti10O19. It is confirmed by
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs that Sr3Ti2O7 nano particles (size < 10nm) are
distributed homogeneously. Luminescence properties of both glass and glass ceramic were studied
by exciting it with 976nm laser. In nano crystalline glass ceramic, the intensity of the green
emission is found to be increased ~50times as it is increased ~10times for red emission than that of
glass. Possible Energy Transfer (ET) and Excited State Absorption (ESA) mechanisms, responsible
for upconversion were studied through power log dependence of UC emission. It is observed
experimentally that only 2photon processes are responsible for red emission while 3photon
processes (at low laser power) as well as 2photon processes (at high laser power) are responsible for
green emission in glass ceramic. This difference in the photon processes with the laser pumping
power is studied in detail with the help of theoretical model. Er3+
/Yb3+
ions will substitute Sr2+
ions in Sr3Ti2O7 crystalline phase in the glass ceramics because of their approximately similar ionic
radii and will change their electrical characteristics. Electrical behaviour of the glass ceramics have
been analysed with impedance and modulus spectroscopy and correlation between optical and
electrical behaviour of the glass ceramic samples are being studied.
SEM micrograph of etched surface of glass ceramic sample
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V. P. Kisel, Inst. of Solid State Physics, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow, Russia
Classical Deformation Explains the Properties of Solid/Fluid He
P.L Kapitza strictly confirmed the absolute principal role of slit hard walls (the so-called con-
finement effect) for the superfluid flow (and extremely high thermal conductivity, TC) in nume-
rous experiments on 4HeII phase [1a]. Then Landau referred to the same effect in water [1b]. Since
that times attention was paid to the same properties of matter under work-hardening (WH), in
micro- scale geometries [2-4, etc.]. Confinement of matter flow changes its structural, hydro-
dynamical (the viscosity η(300K) of glycerin is 104 times smaller in nanoporous silica gel than in its
bulk counterpart [4]), ordering, thermal, chemical, diffusion, crystallization, condensation
properties, phase transitions (PTs), etc. [2-3]. For example, supercooling of liquids [2], melts [5],
the identical thermo-mechanical effect in water [2] and liquid He, where two phase states (water
and ice, liquid He and HeII) differ in their density and rigidity-WH; the work [6] confirms the close
relationship between microhardness and TC. The same WH effects have been discovered for PTs, in
crystals, glasses, liquids, gels, biological tissues (BT), polymers, plasma, gases, Bose-Ein-stein
condensates (BEC), etc. under different tests, where the WH- local rigidity was due to high density
ρd of dislocation-like defects, lines, cells, etc.[7-8] and the η was determined by the reversed value
of WH coefficient θ=dτ/dε [7]. This universal effect determines cancer cells development in BT,
superconductivity of metals and ceramics and supersolidity in He to be highly depen-dent on WH-
to start with increasing local Young modulus of matter and then even its decrease due to cross-slip
dislocation-like defects in smaller pore-slit sizes, at higher loading rates and lower temperatures,
impurity contamination and state in the matter, irradiation and pressure, higher ρd, aging in BT [7-
8], etc. [3,4,7-8]. The identical conditions are present in the so-called superfluidity and supersolidity
of 4He and BEC, cancer cells, superconductors, etc. and determine their domed dependences on
interior and external actions. The energy spectrum for thermal excitations in liquid 4He-II, where
the energy is plotted as a function of mo-mentum (Tλ >T>T=1.1K), designates the atomic-scaled
drag of He atom to move in the su-perfluid 4He-II as a function of its displacement under external
slow neutron particle. This defo-rmation upper yield point (before the so-called “roton-hollow” part
of the curve) is typical for many WH stress-strain curves in comparison with softening of the
smooth and lower flow stress curves at higher temperatures (liquid 4He at 4.2K). Strict analysis of
the data on crystallization waves in solid He, the above data, the key role of deformation
localization in the pairing of electrons at low temperatures [8] and the scaling of flow and fracture
stresses in crystals from atomic to global scale lengths from solid helium up to diamond and hard
ceramics, metallic glasses, etc. confirm the identical mechanisms of wave plastic deformation
at PTs. 1. P.L. Kapitza. J.Exp.Theor. Phys. 1941, v. 11, No 1, p. 1 (a).L.D. Landau. Ibid, No 6, p.592(b).
2. Ya.B. Gorelik, V.S. Kolunin. Priroda 2001 (Nature, Moscow), No 10, p. 7.
3. N.I. Red‟kina, H.S. Khodakov. Ross. Khim. J. 2002, v. 46, No 3, p. 39.
4. A. Han, W. Lu, V. Punyamurtula et al. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, v. 104, p. 124908.
5. T.U. Schűlli, R. Daudin, G. Renaud et.al. Nature, 2010, v. 464, No 7292, p. 1174.
6. V. P. Zhuze, T.A. Kontorova. Zhurn. Tekhn. Fiz., 1958, v. 28, pp 1727
7. V.P. Kisel. J. Phys. (Paris). 1985, v. 46, Suppl. No 12, p. C10-529.
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J. Richmond, J. Flannery and M. R. Singh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University
of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 3K7
The Study of Quantum Optics and Quantum Tunneling in DNA and DNA Nanowires
Recently there has been considerable interest in studying the optical and transport properties of
DNA nanowires [1]. We study the mechanism of photon absorption and electron transport in these
structures, which are fabricated by embedding DNA into a dielectric material. The dielectric
material is chosen so that its dielectric constant is smaller than that of DNA. In this geometry,
photons are localized within the DNA. The dielectric material is also taken as an insulator so that
electron conduction occurs within the DNA molecule only. The study of the quantum optics in
DNA system is called nano-biopolaritonics. The photonic bound states in the nanowire are
calculated using the transfer matrix method, and electron conduction within the nanowire is
formulated using the electron tunneling mechanism. The nanowire is doped with an ensemble of
quantum dots. These quantum dots are interacting with the photonic bound states in the nanowire. It
is found that due to the strong coupling between quantum dots and bound photons, the absorption
peak splits in two peaks. The charge transport in a DNA wire due to variable range hopping has also
been calculated.
1. M. R. Singh, Proc. of XIX Int. Materials Research Congress, eds. L. Zhang et al. (2010) pages 13
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A. Hatef, D. Schindel, J. D. Cox and M. R. Singh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of
Western Ontario, London, Canada
Photonic Switching in Quantum Dots Doped in Nano-Waveguides, Nano-Fibers and Metallic Photonic
Crystals.
In this work we study one- and two-photon absorption in photonic quantum wells, quantum wires
doped with an ensemble of quantum dots. The photonic quantum well and wire are formed by
embedding a photonic crystal into a dielectric background material. These structures confine
photons in one or two dimensions, and modify the photonic density of states within the well or wire.
By changing the photonic density of states, we can control the optical properties of the doped
quantum dots. It is considered that a probe laser field is applied to the system, which monitors one-
and two-photon transmission and absorption processes in the quantum dots. A separate control laser
field is applied to manipulate the absorption process. We consider that the quantum dots are
interacting with confined photons via the electron-bound photon interaction, and are also interacting
with one another via the dipole-dipole interaction. Transmission and absorption coefficients have
been calculated for one- and two-photon processes using the density matrix method. It is found that
the system can be switched from the transparent state to the absorbing state due to the strong
electron-photon interaction.
We have also studied these effects in metallic photonic crystals, which are more reflective than
those made of dielectric or semiconductor materials over a broader range of frequencies. We found
that a static magnetic field can greatly change the dielectric response of a free electron in the metal.
In our calculation we also considered the effect of quantum states energy shift due to the applied
magnetic field.
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