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Nanotechnology for Automotive
Carlo Vittorio FolonariExecutive Vice President, Technologies Division
Centro Ricerche Fiat, Torino
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Sensors• Navigation-control, MOEMS-NEMS• Nanomagnetics films - Spintronics• High transmittance polymer IR lenses• High sensitivity IR sensors
Micro Power-Energy• High efficiency solar cells• Hydrogen storage• Innovative fuels• Energy accumulators• Electrochemical conversion, fuel cells• Microreators - microcombustors
Lighting and on-board information• New lighting sources• Thin film and wearable display• Optical switches, Electro-optical films
Coatings• High resistance coatings • Antiadehesion coatings• Iridescent coatings ....new colors• Low friction, nanocatalitic (eng.)• Nanotubes based vernices
Structural and functional Materials• Shape memory alloys• Nanocomposites….• Self extinguishing materials• Explosives for welding/sealing• New cooling fluids and MR-fluids• Air filters• Active Interior tissues
INTEGRATION OF MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMOTIVE, …(ROBOTIC, AERO-SPACE…)
Nanofabrication of 3D structures• High aspect ratio 3-D structures• Nanostereolitography
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OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR LIGHTING
Taillights,parking lights
Side lightsHeadlamps
Courtesy and interior lights
Door light
Interior luggagelight
High mounted stop light
Considerable Improvment of theOverall electrical to optical efficiency
Currently ~ 1%
By the development of diffractive and microoptics, new light sources and
their integration with Power Supply
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CONFORMABLE LIGHTING by the integration of microoptics and microsources
Chip on glass/plastic bonding
Example of reflector designCRF patents
Embedded packaging
Reflecting coating Epoxy
Chip on glass/plastic
Nanophosphors
ADVANTAGES• Uniformity through nano-phosphors• Cost and weight reduction• Compactness• High freedom design• Flexible and conformal devices
Final lighting system
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Microlamp US Patent 5,884,995 - sett. 1995US Patent 5,841,596 - sett. 1995
Microlamp
Reflective surface or TIR
MICROLAMPS AND MICROTELESCOPES FOR LIGHTING
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CHARACTERISTICS:• Matrix of point like sources• large area Thin film devices• Comparable performance with state fo the art white LEDs• Low cost fabrication process
NANOSTRUCTURED METALLIC SOURCES
2001: First prototype of a point source matrix
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V
LIGHT
Low resolution 16x16( pixel 0.850x0.4mm2)
Mid resolution 32x32( pixel 0.46x0.22mm2)
High resolution 32x32( pixel 0.32x0.23mm2)
DISPLAY DEVICESWorkingWorking principleprinciple
RSiO
Rigid electrode Glass substrate
Flexible layer
V=0V=0 betweenbetween rrigid electrodeigid electrodeandand flexible layerflexible layer
SiO
Glass substrate
Flexible layer
V= VV= V00 between rbetween rigid electrodeigid electrodeandand flexible layerflexible layer
ELECTROSTATIC SHUTTER DISPLAYS
CRF patents applied for light control and already licenced for high accuracy infrared spectrometry.
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THE DISAPPEARING COCKPIT
Under Development in partnership with LUXOTTICA
versatile, interactive, adaptive to the environment, high visual confort, wide field of view
Speakers
IMU
Brightness sensor
Micro-optical light guide
(CRF patent)
Battery
RF Tx/Rxmodule
Microcamera
Microphone
Primary display unit (s)
CPU
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APPLICATIONS OF SMAS IN VEHICLES
Climate controlTechnology: SMA
Direct InjectionTechnology : Piezo
Smart bumpertecnology: Piezoelectric
Active damperstecnology: MR fluids
Active noise and vibration controltecnology: Piezoelectric, SMA, MR fluids
Door Latchestecnology: SMA,
Rear view mirrorstecnology: SMA
Valves controltecnology: SMA
Battery cut-offtecnology: SMA
Active Front-endtecnology: SMA
Active aerodynamicstecnologia: SMA
Seats latchestecnology: SMA,
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SHAPE MEMORY INTEGRATED LOCKWITH ELECTRICAL ACTUATION
The agreement with Oxford automotive
Main advantages:
• Electrical and mechanical operation in one• Direct linear movement and force without any external moving parts• Flexible and scalable • High reliability • Low Weight and Low Cost• Noiseless operation Low EMI
Mechanical Backup
SMA Actuator
Through the collaboration with:
CNR (Lecco), the Saes Group, The Sila Group, Oxford Automotive,…
We aim to be the largest European manufacturers of SMA materials and products by 2004.
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NANO MR-FLUIDS
Nano-magnets “Embedded” on micro-particles
Substrate
Nanomagnets
Withoutmagnetic field
N S
Withmagnetic field
1000 nm
APPLICATIONS
•High speed mechanical components•Active Dampers •Brakes•Clutches( success depends on the mechanical design )
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH NANOMAGNETS OVER MICRO PARTICLES
- Reduced wear- Reduced aggregation- Reduced power consumption- Faster response time
Solutions of active rotative dampers patented by CRF are under advanced experimentation
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CATALYSED DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTERS• optimised contact between diesel soot and catalyst
due to the nano-scaled morphology similar to the particulates size
• lower filter regeneration temperature (below to 450°C)
50 nm
Ceramic support
Nano-structured catalyst layer (Pt-CeOX)
Exhaust gas
Diesel Particulate agglomerates
ADVANCED NANO-STRUCTURED CATALYSTS
Goal: to meet EURO IV and EURO V emissions
standardStart of production in 2004 for passenger cars – CRF Patents
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Steering angle sensorFluid-level
sensor
Climatic controlsensor, central locking, mirror positioning, etc.
On-Board electronics self-testing
Air-Bagsensor
Tires: pressure, temperature.Sensors
Engine control sensors (injection
flux sensor, actuators)
Seat occupancy
Shafts torque sensing for
combustion quality
Suspension positioning systems
Rotation/accelerationsensor for ABSdifferential gear
Many applications for positioning systemsgyroscopes and accelerometers
SPINTRONICS: APPLICATIONS
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Possible applicationsPossible applications::• Linear /Angular acceleration sensor• Relative/Absolute linear/angular position
measurements• Linear/Angular speed measurements• Linear /Angular acceleration measurements
AdvantagesAdvantages::
High precision• Cost effective • Digital output
•• NonNon--contact measurementscontact measurements•• Programmable outputProgrammable output•• Low weightLow weight
POSITIONING SENSING
S N SN
NSNS
H H H H
S N SN
NSNS
H H H H
Voltage output change
Ferromagnetic – Spacer – Ferromagnetic Sandwich Structure
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Advantages:• Smaller size and weight• Faster response• No hydraulic connections• Fully programmable• LIN compatible
GMR BASED BRAKING BY WIRE SYSTEM
Actual architecture, entirely hydraulic
Current solution
µP Compressor/actuator
Electronicdriver
CRF solution
System Architecture
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
NiMH Zn/Air Li-Ion Li-polymer Methanol FC
Cell Type
Sp
ec
ific
En
erg
y (
W h
/Kg
) nominal
high
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POWER DENSITY FOR DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
Device Power Density (MW/m3)
Micro-lithium 0.4
Micro solar cells 1
Micro electric motors (need power supply)
1.7
DMFC 2
PEM-FC 8
Micro reactors on Silicon 20
Large scale combustors (cars..) 40
Micro channel reactors (metal) 150
Micro-magnetic motors 200
Aircraft engines 1500
MIT Silicon micro turbine 2300
Pulsed micro combustors CRF 2000-10000
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PROTOTYPES AND CRF PATENTS ON MATRICES OFMICROFUEL CELLS ON FILM
IC
Micropump Supercapacitor
Processor
DMFC
Fuel Inlet
Fuel OutletICIC
Micropump Supercapacitor
Processor
DMFC
Fuel Inlet
Fuel Outlet
Power Output
ICIC
Micropump Supercapacitor
Processor
DMFC
Fuel Inlet
Fuel OutletICIC
Micropump Supercapacitor
Processor
DMFC
Fuel Inlet
Fuel Outlet
Power Output
FCFCFCFCMPMP
20A 20B25 2331
3030A
30B21
24 26
20
22 26A
Fig. 2
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Fuel tank (nanoparticle fuel)
Fuel injection driver
Catalytic combustor
Micro injectionsystem
MICRO COMBUSTOR(IN COLLABORATION WITH OLIVETTI I-JET)
CRF has patented solutions having a movable element (figure) and others where chemical energy is directly converted into electrical energy.
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TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM: PATENTED CONFIGURATION OF A MICRO FLYING AUTONOMOUS
ROBOT BASED ON TWO DUCTED FANS
Inertial navigation, motors control, stabilisation system
Microcameras for vision, optical flow and Obstacle avoidance
m. fuel cell power supply forElectronic component
Strutural nanocompositedensity ~0.12
WLan and bluetooth communication system