Nanotechnology in our Daily LifeIridescent car paint: Based on interference colors(like a butterly, no bleaching after 5 years Miami)

Nanotechnology on our Desktops

Hard Disk

Sensor Medium

Transistor

Gate

Source Drain

Switching layer5 nm

Magnetic grain10 nm

Gate oxide4 nmWell

6 nm

6 nm : Optimum Thickness

Quantum Well Laser: Designing the Perfect Trap

Nanocrystals

Quantum effect: Crystal size determines the color

(blue-shifted when smaller)

When does silicon cease to be silicon?The band gap of silicon nanoclusters

Bulk Silicon

3 nm : Gap begins to change

GaAs

Transistor

Gate Oxide

Power consumption by a leaky gate oxideA show-stopper for silicon technology?

5 nmOptimum

Hard Disk Reading Head

The Physicist’s View: Fundamental Length Scales

Quantum Electric MagneticQuantum Well:

Quantum Well LaserCapacitor:

Single Electron TransistorMagnetic Particle:

Storage Media

a = V1/3

Energy → LengthRoom temperature operation requires energieslarger than the thermal energy: kBT = 25 meV

Charging Energy2e2/ε d

Spin Flip Barrier½ M2a3

Energy Levels3h2/8m l2

d

E1

E0

l

l < 7 nm d < 9 nm a > 3 nm

18 nm

300 nm

2 nm

3.4 nmpitch

10 basepairs

11 nm

Biological Length Scales

DNA Virus (TMV)

Knittingwith

Polymers

Hewlett-Packard molecular memory, teramac computer

New Concepts: Molecular Electronics, Self-Assembly, Self-Correcting

Each panelx 10

In Pursuit of the Ultimate Storage Medium :1 Bit = 1 Atom

10 µm

10 nm

CD-ROM

Silicon Surface

Density x 1 000 000

1.6 nm Track

DNA

Speed versus Density

• Speed is sacrificed as density increases (less signal per bit)• Density and speed in silicon are comparable to those in DNA

Speed limit

Density limit:20 atoms/bit

250 Terabit/inch2

Year 2038

When will we be down to atoms ?Using Moore's Law ...

"Disruptive technologies" start at the low end Clayton Christensen, Harvard Business School