Date post: | 07-Aug-2015 |
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Natural Solutions: Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pacific Islands
P. Leavai, S. Chape PACC Project Manager - Climate Change Division, Director - Biodiversity & Ecosystems
Management Division Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme
Science & Knowledge
Donor Funding &
Coordination
National Government
Provincial/ Sub-national Government
Local Government/ Communities
Climate Change Adaptation
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Resilience
Non-Climate Change Environment Issues
Mining and Logging
Emerging
Uses
Invasive
Species
Unsustainable
Fishing
Coastal Development
Pollution and Waste
Non-CC Impacts
16
Climate Change Impacts
Lower Capacity for Resilience
Lower Capacity for Resilience
Ecosystem-based Adaptation: Application of ‘Natural Solutions’ to Climate
Change Adaptation
17
By taking into account the ecosystem services on which people depend for their livelihoods and social and economic security, EbA integrates sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services in a comprehensive adaptation strategy (CBD 2009) Need to fully integrate non-climate change issues
Benefits of Ecosystem-based Adaptation
1. Aligns with and enhances poverty alleviation and sustainable
development strategies – temporal
2. More accessible to rural and poor communities – cost
effective - spatial
3. Increases local engagement and action, drives resource
management to rural communities - spatial
4. Enables vulnerable communities to participate directly in
resource management decisions
19
Benefits of Ecosystem-based Adaptation
5. Precautionary and addresses risk management – ensures
that long-term natural resources that provide resilience are
not destroyed by short-term or emergency responses to crisis
6. Provides both protective and provisioning services
7. Can contribute to climate change mitigation
8. Builds on existing investments in biodiversity conservation
9. Aligns to medium to long-term adaptation planning at the
local level sustaining livelihoods of communities as well as
supporting social and economic security in times of crisis
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What Needs to Change
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Integration of climate change adaptation options with the ecosystem approach
Holistic – all adaptation options reviewed in the context of sustainability: livelihoods, ecosystem services protected
Non-climate change issues receive equal weight in government policy and its implementation
Donors to fund holistic national level approaches, not only community level
Governments need to undertake national scale long-term development planning and infrastructure relocation
Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping (ESRAM) completed to integrate CC and non-CC threats into vulnerability assessments as a basis for adaptation planning at national, provincial and community levels
An example of an
EbA project.
An example of a
medium-to-long
term adaptation
planning &
implementation @
the community
level.
Supported by
government,
regional partners 28
30
Landscape Scale: Community and Ecosystem Focus
National policy
implementation Sub-national policy
implementation
Community
engagement
Country-wide integrated
planning Whole-of-island integrated planning, ridge to
reef approach, watershed management, etc
Mainstream: incorporating CCA & CC Risks into
existing legislations & regulations
Socio-Environmental Safeguards:
Fit CC into EIA Guidelines
State Regulations
Amendments to incorporate CC
State Legislation Act
Developed CC legislation into State Law 10-2
National Policy
Addressed Climate Change (Baseline)
Kosrae State CC Act (2011)
SL 10-2
Regulations for Development Projects
(January 2014)
New EIA Guidelines
NATIONAL LEVEL
FSM Climate Change Act
Public Law No. 18-34
SUB-NATIONAL:
KOSRAE STATE
SUB-NATIONAL:
KOSRAE STATE
SUB-NATIONAL:
KOSRAE STATE
Results:
• A. Revised EIA guidelines incorporating CCA/DRR to be used against all
infrastructure projects in Kosrae.
• B. Existing environmental regulations modified to include CC
• C. Climate proofed Shoreline Management Plan (2000) developed and approved.
• D. The revised Kosrae SDP 2013-2023 incorporated CCA/DRR
• E. FSM Climate Change Act Public Law No. 18-34( replaced FSM CC policy 2009)
• All IDP now comply with the new EIA guideline
• Building code now in the process
• Other FSM states start adopting CC framework
Indicator(s): Guidelines, regulations, policies/plans incorporate CC
Lessons: . Focus on CCA/DRR as a cost saving in the long term and means to minimise
vulnerability to livelihoods
Kosrae State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)
37
Inappropriate coastal structures adding to shoreline erosion
Logging damaging catchments and water supplies
Loss of mangroves impacting on shoreline stability and fisheries
Partner interventions
Sustainable agriculture
and land use
Crop production & food
security
Water storage
infrastructure
Fisheries and
coastal management
Mangrove and coastal
rehabilitation
Ecosystem-based adaptation
Climate change
materials for schools
Farmer field school
Climate and risk
sensitive infrastructure
Taro tree planting
programme
Science & Knowledge
Donor Funding &
Coordination
National Government
Provincial/ Sub-national Government
Local Government/ Communities
Climate Change Adaptation
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Ecosystem Approach and
Environmental Sustainability Resilience
Science & Knowledge
Donor Funding &
Coordination
National Government
Provincial/ Sub-national Government
Local Government/ Communities
Climate Change Adaptation
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Ecosystem Approach and
Environmental Sustainability Resilience