Summary SAPCC-TN
NAPCCNational Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for a Green IndiaNational Mission for Sustainable AgricultureNational Solar Mission (renamed as Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission) National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Summary SAPCC-TNState ProfileCoastline of the state is 1076 kilometers. No perennial rivers, dependent largely on monsoon rains.Rural population-52 percent of the total population(371.89 lakhs )Highest Human Development Index and second highest GDPGlobal development experience reveals that one percent growth in agriculture is at least two or three times more effective in reducing poverty than the type of same growth emanating from non-agricultural sector.GSDP from the agriculture Sector has been decreasing steadilyGSDP from the Industrial Sector has remained static over the yearsServices Sector is the highest contributor to the GSDP. A steady increase has been observedVision Tamil Nadu 2023 to move towards an Accelerated, Innovative and Inclusive Growth
SAPCC-DraftingFormulation of SAPCCStep I-Formulation of Steering Committee on SAPCCStep II-Inception Workshop-stakeholders to identify focus areasStep III-Area wise Working Groups formulatedStep IV-After a gap of 17 months review meetings of Working Groups Step V-Through various meetings Working Groups to prioritize process for the strategiesStep VI-Draft TNSAPCC to be reviewed by steering committee, publicStep VII-Submission to the MoEF
SAPCC Focus Areas targeted under the State Action PlanWater ResourcesCoastal Area ManagementSustainable Agriculture (and allied sectors)Forest & Bio-DiversityEnergy Efficiency and Renewable EnergySustainable HabitatsStrategic Knowledge ManagementWater ResourcesCurrent StatusMore than 95 percent of the surface water and 80 percent of the Ground water is currently being used. Agriculture is the largest consumer using 75 per cent of the water resources.The state is highly dependent on monsoons the failure of which leads to severe scarcity of water and droughtsSurface Water-Cauvery is the major river basin, dependent on neighboring states for water supplyGround Water-80 percent of ground water being used, non-uniform usage; most blocks are over exploited-ChennaiStorage Structures-85 reservoirs, need to create additional storage spaces and better management of existing ones, Water Resource Department attempting to revive them
Water ResourcesMajor ConcernsDemand Supply GapOver Exploitation of Ground waterIncrease in North-East monsoon and decrease in South-West monsoonFloodsMigrationDroughtLow Water use EfficiencyState MissionUndertake an integrated approach for conservation and management of water resourcesImprove water use efficiency and control water pollutionMinimize wastage and ensure equitable distribution of water Address the impacts of climate change on water resources.
Water ResourcesStrategiesHilly RegionUndertaking rainwater-harvesting measures along the hill slopes, especially in the recharge zonesConstructing check dams, wherever feasible for the creation of water reservoirs for harnessing surface waterIncreasing water storage capacity by repairing, renovating and restoring existing water bodiesCoastal RegionConstruct and rehabilitate of tail-end regulators to prevent the intrusion of saline water in channelsInstall desalination water project in coastal areas to ensure availability of fresh water.
Water ResourcesControl the volume of groundwater abstraction by strictly enforcing the ground water regulation acts to prevent seawater intrusionPlainsIncreasing the reservoir storage potential of existing irrigation projects in the region.Exploring the feasibility of transferring water from surplus basin to deficit basinLimit rampant ground water extractionPromote rainwater harvestingEnhance Artificial Recharge in over exploited ground water areasImprove Water use efficiency in agricultureRedirect flood waters for groundwater rechargeCreate small reservoir schemes such as check dams.Water ResourcesResearchDevelop food forecasting systemAssess water demand by sector by factoring in Climate change for short, medium and long term time linesUndertake mapping of water resources in conjunction with land use and land classification Policy Related InterventionsVariable Irrigation Water Tax on surface and ground water useExtend compulsory rain water harvesting regulation in individual houses in all towns and villagesDevise planning, monitoring and decision support systems for an integrated water management system in a climate change context
Water ResourcesModernization of Irrigation system using Drips, Sprinklers systems for improving water use efficiencyIntroduce pricing regulation for use of piped water for domestic use and drinking waterUndertake periodical census of medium and minor irrigation projects to check sustainability and also to detect disfunctionalities and implement remedial measuresCoastal Area ManagementCurrent StatusThe Tamil Nadu coast is 1076 km long along the Bay of BengalNorth Eastern Zone, Cauvery Delta Zone and Southern Zone.Port and Harbors-State Maritime Board controls smaller portsUrbanization and habitats-major construction of infrastructure along the coastsFisheries-591 recorded fishing villages along the coastNuclear power plants along the coast-Kalpakkam and KudankulumWater supply infrastructure-100MLD desalination plants in Nemmeli, Kattupalli, NatipaiyurMinerals-High amount of mineral deposits in the Southern and the Southeastern sea coasts of the State.Coastal Ecosystems-Gulf of Mannar
Coastal Area ManagementMajor concernsCoastal Erosion Cyclones, Storm surges and Coastal floodingSea level riseSalt water intrusion Pollution-industries, power plants and desalination plants, domestic and industrial sewage discharge
Coastal Area ManagementStrategiesDevelop a Tamil Nadu Integrated Coastal Protection Plan (TN-ICPP) to adapt to projected sea level rise, enhanced intensities of cyclones, storm surges, and extreme rainfallPrepare a land use map and land capacity assessmentAvert enhanced coastal erosion due to Climate Change and protect the coastal zoneStrengthen resilience of coastal communities in view of projected climate changeAvert enhanced salt water intrusion in ground water by building desalination plants in such areasConserve biodiversity in the coastal zone-Gulf of MannarAvert pollution of water and soil in the coastal zones caused by industrial (power plants and other industries) and domestic wastewater and solid waste management practicesAgriculture and Allied SectorsCurrent Status 13 percent of the State GSDP is from agriculture sector, 40 percent population dependent on it.An impact on the agricultural sector would effect the secondary and tertiary sectors Rice, which is water dependent, is one of the major crops grownHorticulture-grown after the National Horticulture Mission; Area used for Horticulture production has improved steadily over the yearsAnimal Husbandry and Dairying-constitutes 24.80 percent of the total agriculture and its allied sectors; large number of women workers in the area; decrease in indigenous cattle population by 27.79 percent; the state contributes to 18.27 percent of egg, 8.78 percent of meat and 5.61 percent of milk production in India.Fisheries-The marine fish potential of the State is estimated at 7.00 lakh metric tonnes, it is the state with the highest amount of fish catch
Agricultural and Allied SectorsStrategiesAdjusting Sowing dates in consonance with onset of monsoonManaging soil erosion due to projected heavier precipitation eventsManaging soil health in a changing climate scenarioPromoting Integrated Disease and Pest ManagementPromoting water use efficiencyPromoting crop varieties and technologies to adapt to higher temperature and water StressUndertaking Crop Diversification for up-scaling livelihoods of the farming communitiesEncouraging Integrated Farming Systems suitable for each agro-climatic zoneAgricultural and Allied SectorsUndertaking risk mitigation measuresImproving quality seed production and distribution through seed villages/village seed banks mechanismDeveloping state wide data base on characteristics of each farming land for developing farm level crop management systemsTesting and improving thermal resistant and water stress resistant rice varietiesSupporting research on crop insurance for managing risk of increasing intensities of extreme eventsUndertaking capacity building activities for farmers as well as officials to internalize the adaptation techniques for addressing climate change concernsAgricultural and Allied SectorsLong term Strategies-AgricultureDevelop state wide data base on characteristics of each farming land for developing farm level crop management systemsTraining farmers on understanding weather adversities and training them to adopt suitable practicesTesting and improving thermal resistant and water stress resistant rice varietiesSupport research on crop insurance for managing risk of increasing intensities of extreme events
Agriculture and allied sectorsStrategies for FisheriesMap and Track coastal marine ecosystem to maximize fish catch, off the coast of Tamil Nadu in conjunction with SST and distribution of Chlorophyll concentrationsUndertaking modeling studies to predict fish catch in long term time scalesUndertake scientific studies to identify native fish suitable for inland fisheries in a warming scenarioPromote seed farms for fish that can withstand thermal resistance in a warming climateDiversify livelihoods amongst coastal fishing communitiesEasier access to insurance and creditEstablishing community FM station for communicating information during times of disasterAgriculture and allied sectorsStrategies for Live-Stock SectorPromote leguminous feed production in degraded pasture lands in villagesPromote herbal and microbial feed additives, organic mineral supplements for better bioavailability and improved health and production of cross bred livestockUndertake genetic studies on disease resistance in domestic species of livestock.Promote green fodder cultivation as one of the multiple crops to bridge fodder gap and avail fodder during drought.Ensure adequate animal housing and dedicated ponds for bathingIntensify disease surveillance and develop forecasting of disease outbreaks
Agriculture and allied sectorsStrategies for Live-Stock SectorPromote cross breeding with indigenous varieties to improve resilience of cross breed's to climate changePromote dairy development in villages by training more women on animal care, animal disease reporting, and nutrition for optimizing milk production at household levelSustainable HabitatsStrategiesHousing Mandatory ECBC implementation in all sectorsDesign considerations to withstand calamitiesNew Housing Policy including provisions of Sustainable Habitat Promotion of alternate construction material in housing like M.Sand(produced by crushing hard granite stone), fly ash etc to reduce the pressure on natural resources.Research on long-term impacts on manufactured sand on quality of housingPollutionImproved air quality monitoring through more stations in urban centersAir quality monitoring along roads with heavy vehicular movementSustainable HabitatsMonitoring of groundwater qualityEnsuring ZLD in industriesAction Plan to control PollutionStrict enforcement with penalty for violationGreening of Urban SpacesCompulsory OSR for greenery under the Development regulations in DTCP.Stringent compensatory plantation for tree cutting, including heavy refundable deposit upon evidence of completing compensatory plantationThere are several residential projects coming up with the provisions for greenery around the built-up area. This may be included in the development regulations while giving approvals.Study to identify suitable plant and tree species for urban greenerySustainable HabitatsUrban DevelopmentMandatory adoption of ECBC.The Building Rules of local body may include the wastewater recycling provisions for large commercial and industrial developments as mandatory provision before issue of permission for developments.Propose to achieve a model split of 70:30 for public and private transportEncourage environment/ eco-friendly modes of transport i.e. cycles, pedestrian friendly traffic.Enlarge the segments of vehicular population converted to pollution free fuels, viz., LPG/CNG/battery.Strictly enforce the road users to obtain EUCSustainable HabitatsEstablish an air quality monitoring system, which maps the quality of air across the road network periodically.Subject every major transport development measure to safety audit.Disaster precaution in building designsRegulation of developments in flood prone areasRemoval of encroachments in disaster/flood prone areasWater Revamping of existing water supply schemes to avoid loss of waterProtection of water sourcesIncreasing storage capacityReuse of grey waterRecharge of groundwaterPromotion of Manufactured sand in construction
Sustainable HabitatsHealth and SanitationNew Sanitation PolicyMonitoring of vector-borne and water- borne diseasesIdentification of indicators for monitoringStudy on vector-borne diseasesEnsuring complete coverage with sanitationWaste ManagementSetting up of the Material Recovery Facility within the compost yardEnergy generation from methane recovery from SWM all over Tamil NaduStudy shall be carried out to identify the composition of solid wastes in different regions of Tamil Nadu to finalize the management proposalIntroducing penalty provisions for non- segregation of wastes by the occupier, for littering on streets and depositing or throwing any solid waste in contravention of the provision and on the local body for deficiency in services
Sustainable HabitatsPreparation of Action Plan for all the Corporations, municipalities and town panchayats in Tamil NaduConducting Training Program for officials, people and manufactures of various municipalities.Providing incentives to private sector to participate in the reduction, segregation, transport, recycling and final disposal of all types of solid wastes.Specific responsibility to be assigned to stakeholders in the implementation of the planPolluters Pay principle, local bodies to collect a levy from bulk garbage generators such as industries, hotels, marriage halls, markets and commercial complexes.Establishing safe recycling facilities for e- waste and construction debris
Sustainable HabitatsTransportationIncrease the number of bus services in over crowded routes and add new services including mini buses in added areas.While developing road infrastructure, exclusive lanes to be created for pedestrian and bi-cycle.Measures to make cycling attractive with good cycling paths, cycle parking facilities, link between cycling and public transport.Congestion taxes may be levied on vehiclesTransportation Fund may be createdSingle window clearance by CUMTAComprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP)Advertisement revenue for public transport from bus sheltersHigh Parking revenue to match market demand, periodical renewal, to contribute to traffic fund, and discourage private transport.Sustainable HabitatsLow-floor buses to support differently abledEmission based special taxes/ penaltyProviding feeder services to connect the residential areasEncouraging car-poolingIntroducing no -driving dayIncreased subsidy / Reduced excise duty on hybrid vehicles and battery operated vehicles.Improvement to all existing roads and maintenance at regular intervalsAdoption of alternate/advanced technology including mixing of plastic to ensure endurance to the roadsClimate Change and Sustainable HabitatsSustainable Habitat/Climate Change PolicyClimate Change cell in each department. Alternatively Creation of Climate Change DepartmentEnergy and Renewable EnergyFactsRenewable energy sector accounts to close to 40 percent of the Tamil Nadu Electricity Boards installed capacity.An average of 55-60 percent of the power requirement of state is purchasedEven with large installation capacity from renewable energy sources the actual energy generated is fairly low. Thermal generation contributes fairly significantly to the electricity requirement of the state.Plant load factor of wind farms is between 12.56-22percentThe average deficit power of the state is roughly 6.5 percent or approximately 5000 Million Units per yearWind farms contribute 13-20percent of energyEnergy and Renewable EnergyElectricity Consumption PatternHigh electricity consumption of about 1065kWhHighest number are the domestic consumers though the highest amount of consumption is from the industrial sector.Steady rise in domestic consumption, commercial sector consumption has remained staticDecrease in agricultural sector power consumptionSteady rise in the consumption in the industrial sectorRenewable energy trendsIncreased renewable energy capacity over the years34 percent of Indias renewable energy spaceWind energy most successful
Sector wise Consumption of EnergyEnergy and Renewable EnergyStrategiesMinimize AT & C LossesUndertake efficiency and energy conservation improvementsLaunch Green Villages and introduce Energy Efficient Homes InitiativeDrafting new building bye-laws incorporating principles of Energy Conservation and building codeIncreasing grid connected RE by 10,650 MWEncourage Off Grid Renewable Energy developmentForest and BiodiversityFactsForests cover 18.16 percent total geographical area of StateBetween 2007-2009-Increase in area of dense forests, medium dense forests; decrease in shrub forests and open forests.Mangrove vegetation-39 sq. km; bridge between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; natural protection against disasters; rich areas of biodiversityProtected Areas constitute 5465 sq. km, which is 23.9% of State Forest area.Teak wood production increased 33 times, pulp wood production marginally increased, decrease in production of sandalwood and fuel wood.Tamil Nadu-wetland rich State-12.88 percent and Puducherry- 6.92percentForest and BiodiversityStrategiesIncrease the forest cover, both inside and outside notified forest areasEnhancing Conservation efforts to sustain biodiversity- terrestrial and marineCreation of plant diversity register of Tamil Nadu forests for documentation and associated traditional knowledgeManagement of forest fires and alien invasive species (AIS)Build capacity to address climate change by supporting innovation and Research to address the impacts of climate change on forest & biodiversity and ecosystem servicesUndertake awareness generation and capacity building activities that prepares institutions and communities to address the climate change concernsOther specific research and capacity building activitiesStrategic Knowledge ManagementStrategiesCreate an enabling institutional framework for developing and disseminating strategic knowledge on climate changeDevelop a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of climate change issues.Support Research & Development of innovations to address climate change impacts and vulnerabilities.Undertake Demonstration, Field Implementation & Extension Support regular monitoring of critical ecological parameters and urban landscapeMainstream traditional knowledge.Undertake capacity building initiatives to integrate steps to manage climate sensitive natural resources and mitigate climate change drivers.Support creation of Monitoring and Evaluation tools of various initiatives of the climate sensitive sectors.Develop aData bank and Create a Knowledge Portal.
Implementation of SAPCCSector wise policy reviewsSector wise climate change impacts evidence base strengtheningLocally specific adaptation plansLeveraging Co-benefitsSector public/community perceptions documentationPeriodic consultations with the civil society and communityIncorporation of poverty, equity and livelihood concernsSector wise Monitoring and Evaluating protocolsKnowledge management activities
SAPCC-DepartmentsDepartments identified for implementationDepartment of Environment-Nodal Department for Climate ChangeVulnerable Sectors-Nodal OfficersWorking groups for the SectorsSAPCC; Various pilot projects-IMFFS, reviving farm ponds etcGIZ, Directorate of Town and Country Planning, Tamil Nadu Electricity BoardCentral Marine fisheries research institute, IIT, Chennai Metropolitan Development AuthorityMunicipal Administration, Town PanchayatsTransport Department, Housing Board, Slum Clearance Board
