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NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Chapter 4 Review
EARLY YEARS
Born 15 August 1769 into a wealthy family
Educated in a military school
Rapidly promoted; commander of French army in Italy at 27
yrs.• Promised Italian freedom from Austria• Won battles to drive out Austrians; did NOT do as promised• Funded army with art/jewelry stolen from Italy
Conquered Egypt in 1798 to cut off British trade routes with
India• Successfully conquered Egypt; not successful cutting off Britain
MAKING FRANCE STRONG
1799 – helped to overthrow the French government (“Directory”)• Liberate other European countries, but own government = corrupt
Ordered reorganization of laws into “Napoleonic Code”• Laws reflect values• Equality, right to hold property, freedom of religion• Women LOST their rights
Infrastructure -> employment, efficient transport of army
Filled museums with (stolen) art
Economy only seemed strong ($ stolen from other countries)• France behind in industrial revolution
NAPOLEON THE EMPEROR
Became a tyrant, but understood importance of
public perception
Censorship:• Controlled media/law/education system to promote
HIS values
Social values
NAPOLEON AND EUROPE
1800s, trying to expand empire, waged war with most of Europe
Britain = France’s greatest enemy• Stop trade with Europe -> punishment to ports allowing Brit ships• Britain barred US from trading with French Empire
Military victory = power• “I wanted to rule the world, and in order to do this I needed unlimited
power… I wanted to rule the world – who wouldn’t have in my place? The world begged me to govern it…”
Napoleon’s family become monarchs of surrounding countries• French Revolution reaches Europeans
• Serfdom abolished; no inherited privileges for aristocrats; religious tolerance
THE RISE OF NATIONALISM
Nationalism – a sense of pride in one’s country• Danger?
Middle Ages – identification with church/social
class
Spain rebels placement of Napoleon’s brother as
King• Guerilla warfare – 5 years – loss of many soldiers
War declared on Russia (they resumed trade with
Britain)• Unsuccessful -> Napoleon’s decline
ABDICATION AND EXILE
Defeat in Russia damaged French empire
Lost battle of Leipzig• Gave up throne -> exiled to Elba
Louis XVIII comes to power• Wanted to reinstate Divine Right of Kings• Napoleon returns and rebuilds army
The Battle of Waterloo
QUIZ TOMORROW!
In paragraph form, and with reference to what you
have learned in chapter 4, answer the question
below:• What is Napoleon Bonaparte’s legacy? Was he a
selfish and power hungry dictator, or did he bring positive changes to Europe/the World?