Napoleon I

Early Career

Military Officer

Rise to Power

• Gained recognition under Terror Government

• Helped establish Directory Government with a Whiff of grapeshot

• Military Successes: Italy, Austria– Earned recognition, greeted as a hero upon his

return to Paris

• War with Britain– Egyptian Campaign

Josephine

Egyptian Campaign• Battle of the Nile

– Defeated by Nelson

• Rosetta Stone discovered• Returned to Paris (in defeat?)

– 1799 Coup d etat – Establishes The Consulate

1799 Coup : Consulate• Planned as 3 member executive

– Napoleon: First Consul • Most powerful man in France• Crossed the Alps

• Consul for life 1802– Reorganization of Government – Bureaucracy – Bank of France – Concordat with the Church– Educational reform– Napoleonic Code (reformed legal system to reflect

principles of the Fr Rev)– Meritocracy

• Negotiations with Britain– Peace in 1802 – War again in 1803

1800

As 1st Consul, through the Alps

Napoleon as Leader of France

ConsulFirst Consul

Consul for life Emperor

1804 Emperor Napoleon

Neo-Classical ArchitectureNeo-Classical Architecture

Napoleon’s TombNapoleon’s Tomb

Battle of Trafalgar, 1805Battle of Trafalgar, 1805

Failed Invasion of England

“Third of May, 1808” by Goya“Third of May, 1808” by Goya

Napoleon’s FamilyNapoleon’s Family Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia. Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain Louise Bonaparte King of Holland Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italy Napoléon Francis Joseph

Charles (son) King of Rome

Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of Tuscany

Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples

The Continental SystemThe Continental System

GOAL to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.

GOAL to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.

Marie Louise(of Austria)

married Napoleon on

March 12, 1810

in Vienna

Marie Louise(of Austria)

married Napoleon on

March 12, 1810

in Vienna

Russian Invasion• 1812-1813

• Napoleon had over 600,000 troops

• Russians follow scorched earth policy

• Moscow burned

• Early 1813: 100,00 troops retreat

• only 40,000 survive

Napoleon’s Defeat

• Alliance: Britain, Russia, Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Sweden, smaller German states

• Battle of Nations (Liepzig)• Napoleon abdicates: Treaty of Fountainbleau

– Exiled to Elba

• Returns for “100 Days” (1815)– Waterloo– Exiled to St Helena