Date post: | 19-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | trevin-spry |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Narcolepsy
-Chronic sleep disorder
-disorder is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness
-Person feels extreme fatigue and
falls asleep at inappropriate times
-Sudden attack of REM Sleep
Causes of Narcolepsy-people with narcolepsy have a reduced numbers of
protein producing neurons that control appetite and sleep patterns
-These proteins are called hypocretin or orexin
A depiction of the neuropeptide Orexin A. People with narcolepsy often have a reduced number of neurons that produce this protein.
Narcolepsy
• Symptoms
- Excessive sleepiness
- Temporary decrease or loss of muscle control
- Vivid dream like images
- Unable to move or talk while asleep
• Prevalence
- Has been calculated to be 0.03%
- Can occur during anytime in life
- Mostly affects teens
- Has been found to be hereditary
Treatment of Narcolepsy!
Such as stimulants, a
ntidepressants, and
sodium oxybate!
Taking short, scheduled naps maybe a great way to lessen the effects of narcolepsy
Restless Leg Syndrome• Symptoms: Creeping or crawling
sensations that make the legs uncomfortable unless they are moving.
• Prevalence: Millions of people are affected by RLS.
• Definition: A sleep disorder characterized by leg discomfort during sleep, which is only relieved by frequent movements of the legs.
• Causes: In most patients, the cause is unknown. However, RLS has been linked to pregnancy, obesity, smoking, and anemia.
• Treatment: Reduction or elimination of caffeine and alcohol, stopping smoking, and better sleep and exercise can all help patients with RLS.
Periodic Leg Movement Disorder• Symptoms: Repetitive cramping or
jerking of legs while sleeping. Movements are rhythmic and occur every 20-40 seconds.
• Prevalence: This disorder is more common in elderly or middle aged people.
• Definition: A disorder in which the patient is awakened repeatedly during the night by cramps in the calf muscles.
• Causes: Has no known cause. Has been linked to abnormalities in regulation of nerves traveling from brain to legs.
• Treatment: Various medications may help. Sleeping pills prevent frequent awakenings, but do not stop the movements. Painkillers reduce movement, but don’t stop the insomnia.
By Jenna and Emily
Definitions• Sleep Apnea is when someone temporary stops breathing in their sleep.• Snoring is a rattling noise made by someone when they are sleeping
usually from the back of their mouth or noise.
•Sleep apnea is caused by not enough air can get to your lungs. This could because the person has a cold or allergies. •Snoring is caused by too much throat or nasal tissues. Also the position of the tongue can cause snoring.
Causes
Treatments •Nasal strips or spray •Sleep on side•Elevate head 4-6 in
SYMPTOMS AND PREVALENCE
-When airway is blocked soft tissue in the throat collapses and closes while asleep-Irritable, lack of sleep, soar throat, emotional issues, morning headaches, loss of energy, loud snoring, daytime sleepiness possibly while driving-approximately 1 in 15 people in USA -more likely for men than women
Sleepwalking
By: Charita Donahue
Purposeful moving, usually but not always including walking, while in a deep stage (stage 4) of sleep.
Symptoms
open eyes glassy, staring appearance as the person quietly roams.
Causes
Sleep deprivation, chaotic sleep schedules, fever, stress, magnesium deficiency, and alcohol intoxication can trigger sleepwalking.
Sleepwalking
Treatments
Medication
ProSomKlonopinTrazodone (Desyrel)
• Get adequate sleep • Limit stresss. Meditate or do relaxation exercises. • Avoid any kind of stimuli (auditory or visual) prior to bedtime
OtherSleepwalking is common in children. 3% to 17% of children sleepwalk.It peaks between the ages of 10 and 12. It rarely continues on into adulthood, and is even more unlikely to first develop in adulthood. Under 1% of adults sleepwalk.
Insomnia
• Insomnia is defined as a persistent difficulty in falling asleep. Also, waking up and not feeling rested and restored.
• Insomnia is caused by:– Psychoactive drugs or stimulants– Hormone shifts (menstruation &
menopause)– Life problems: Fear, stress, & anxiety
Symptoms & Prevalence
• Difficulty falling asleep
• Waking up frequently during the night
• Irritability• Difficulty
concentrating• Daytime
sleepiness
• 30-40% of adults say they have symptoms of insomnia in a given year.
• 10-15% of adults say they have chronic insomnia. (when it persists for longer than a month.)
REM Behavior Disorder
acting out violent dreams during REM sleep
often causing self-injury or injury to the bed partner
behaviors are usually nondirected
can include punching, kicking, leaping, crying out, or running from bed while still in REM sleep
patient may wake spontaneously during the attack and vividly recall the dream that corresponds to the physical action
Potentially dangerous objects should be removed from the bedroom, and the
mattress should be placed on the floor or a cushion should
be put around the bed
RBD can be treated by various medications;
however, the response varies in individual cases
2% overall prevalence of violent behaviors during sleep
25% of which were likely to be due to RBD
=0.5% of RBD in general population
*exact incidence and prevalence of RBD are unknown because of inadequate reporting
and misdiagnosis
REM Behavior Disorder 36% of people with
narcolepsy experience symptoms of RBD
several studies have suggested that idiopathic
RBD is linked with the later development of
neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson disease and Lewy body
dementia
RBD may occur in association with various neurological conditions
such as vascular lesions, brainstem neoplasm,
autoimmune/inflammatory disorders, and
neurodegenerative disorders
REM Behavior Disorder
REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by loss of normal voluntary muscle
atonia during REM sleep associated with complex motor
behavior while dreaming.
(http://members.medscape.com/article/1188651-overview)
Night Terrors and Nightmares
By : Ashley Merrick, and Dan
Symptoms Night terrors
• Screaming, kicking, thrashing, and flailing• One third sleep walk• Disorientated, eyes can be open with pupils fully
dilated• Change in body• Not easily awakened• Last 1-15 minutes• Stage 4, Physical effects (breathing, heart rate,
sweating, etc)
Symptoms
Nightmares• Vivid realistic dreams causing fear
• Being afraid after dreams
• Remembering the dream
• Occur during REM sleep
PrevalenceNight terrors
• Mainly boys
• Ages 3-5
• Rare after age 12
PrevalenceNightmares
• Can not be known
• People do not record nightmares
DefinitionNight terrors and Nightmares
• Nightmares/Night Terrors-are dreams that scare people and cause them to wake up. Night Terrors are much more severe and usually leave the person moaning, crying, gasping, a screaming. They are so severe the fear can last from 5 to 20 minutes. It is also so scary a person’s heartbeat is usually about 160 to 170 beats per minute.
CausesNight terrors and Nightmares
• No one is for sure on the causes but things like stress or medications that heavily affect the brain can bring them on. Also over sleeping or being over tired.
• Some doctors think spicy food might have some relevance
TreatmentNight Terrors
• Do not awaken
• Protect from harm
• Give affection (hug, sing)
• Severe cases doctors will give Benzodiazepine tranquillizers such as diazepam that will prevent stage 4 sleep (not recommended)
TreatmentNightmares
• If on drugs, stop taking them
• If reoccurring see a therapist
• Avoid spicy food
Night Terrors and Nightmares
By: Daniel Hoz
Night TerrorsCauses/Treatment of Disorder
Causes:
1. Stressful Life Events
2. Fever
3. Sleep Deprivation
4. Medications that affect the central nervous system (brain)
Treatment:
1. Make the child’s room safe so they don’t get hurt
2. Eliminate all sources of sleep disturbance
3. Maintain a consistent bed time routine and wake up routine
NightmaresCauses/Treatment of disorder
Causes
1. Psychiatric disorders
2. MAJOR Physiological traumas, such as PTSD
3. Stress
4. Medications or Drug Abuse
Treatment
1. Treating the underlying cause
2. Medications
3. Relaxation or Chillaxing, such as Yoga and such.
SWSD and Jet Lag
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
SWSD (Shift Work Sleep Disorder)
• Symptoms are excessive sleepiness, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, headaches, and lack of energy.
• Prevalence are people who may frequently rotate shifts or work at night.
• Treatments are being put on medication, and try not to get your work shifted if possible.
Jet Lag
• Symptoms are fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, constipation, diarrhea, confusion, dehydration, headaches, irritability, nausea, sweating, coordination problems, and memory loss.
• Prevalence: affects most people who fly that cross five or more time zones. Severity increases with number of zones they travel through.
• Treatments are to be put on medication.