January 18, 2017 George J. Komar

Associate Director/Program Manager

Earth Science Technology Office

NASA Earth Science Technology ESAS Steering Mtg #4, Irvine, CA

NASA Earth Science Strategy Maintaining a balanced approach to the program

• advance Earth System Science

• deliver societal benefit through applications development and capacity building

• provide essential global spaceborne measurements

• develop and demonstrate technologies for next-generation measurements, and

• complement and coordinate with activities of other agencies and international partners

Instrument Incubator Program (IIP)

innovative remote sensing instrument development from concept through

breadboard and demonstration (average award: $1.5M per year over three years)

Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST)

innovative on-orbit and ground capabilities for communication, processing, and

management of remotely sensed data and the efficient generation of data products

(average award: $500K per year over two years)

ESTO manages, on average, 120 active technology development projects. Most are funded

through the primary program lines below. Nearly 800 projects have completed since 1998.

Advanced Component Technologies (ACT)

critical components and subsystems for advanced instruments and observing systems

(average award: $300K per year over two/three years)

In-Space Validation of Earth Science Technologies (InVEST)

on-orbit technology validation and risk reduction for small instruments and instrument

systems that could not otherwise be fully tested on the ground or airborne systems

(average award: $1-1.8M per year over three years)

Earth Science Technology Program

Advanced Technology Initiatives (ATI)

1

Other ESD Technology Activities Managed by ESTO

ESTO also manages specific sets of technology development and integration projects

on behalf of the ESD Research and Flight programs.

Airborne Instrument Technology Transition (AITT)

provides campaign ready airborne instrumentation to support the objectives of the R&A

Program. AITT converts mature instruments into operational suborbital assets that can

participate in field experiments, evaluate new satellite instrument concepts, and/or

provide calibration and validation of satellite instruments. (6 projects awarded in FY13;

$1M over 2-3 years)

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Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry:

Ocean Color Remote Sensing Vicarious Calibration Instruments

in situ vicarious calibration instrument systems to maintain global climate-quality

ocean color remote sensing radiances and reflectances (3 projects awarded

concurrently with the 2013 IIP solicitation; $1-3M over 3 years)

Earth Venture Instruments – Technology

funding from the Flight Program’s Earth Systems Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program to

further develop promising, highly-rated Earth Venture proposals that require additional

technology risk reductions (2 projects; $5-8M over 2-3 years)

Sustainable Land Imaging-Technology (SLI-T)

new technologies and reduced costs for future land imaging (Landsat) measurements

(First solicitation released in FY16; 6 awarded projects; $3-7M over 2-5 years )

Landsat 9

PACE

NI-SAR SWOT

TEMPO JPSS-2 (NOAA)

RBI, OMPS-Limb

GRACE-FO (2 sats)

ICESat-2

CYGNSS (8 sats)

ISS SORCE,

TCTE (NOAA) NISTAR, EPIC (NOAA’S DSCOVR)

QuikSCAT

EO-1 Landsat 7 (USGS) Terra

Aqua

CloudSat

CALIPSO

Aura

SMAP

Suomi NPP (NOAA)

Landsat 8 (USGS)

GPM

OCO-2

GRACE (2) OSTM/Jason 2 (NOAA)

Formulation

Implementation

Primary Ops

Extended Ops

Earth Science Instruments on ISS: RapidScat**

CATS

LIS

SAGE III (on ISS)

TSIS-1

OCO-3

ECOSTRESS

GEDI

CLARREO-PF

TSIS-2

Sentinel-6A/B

MAIA

TROPICS (12 sats)

geoCARB

NASA Earth Science Missions: Present through 2023

InVEST UClass

RAVAN – Nov 16

IceCube – Mar 17

HARP – *Jun 17

MiRaTA – July 17

LMPC - TBD

CIRIS – Mar 18

CubeRRT – Mar 18

RainCube – Mar 18

TEMPEST-D – Mar 18

CIRAS – Jun 18

33%

46%

21% Already Infused

Path Identified forInfusion

Awaiting InfusionOpportunity

ESTO’s Infusion success, drawn from the 733 completed

technology development projects through the end of FY16:

26%

41%

35%

52%

39%

28%

39% 36%

41%

46%

53%

37%

50%

40%

29%

54%

40%

34%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

FY

99

FY

00

FY

01

FY

02

FY

03

FY

04

FY

05

FY

06

FY

07

FY

08

FY

09

FY

10

FY

11

FY

12

FY

13

FY

14

FY

15

FY

16

25% Goal

Percentage of active technology development projects that advanced

at least 1 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) in each fiscal year:

Student Participation: Student participation in ESTO projects has

always been substantial. Since 1998, over 720

students from over 130 institutions have been

involved in ESTO-funded work and at least

150 graduate-level degrees have been

awarded. In FY2016 alone, 131 students –

undergraduate, masters and doctorate – were

actively involved with ESTO projects.

Program Metrics

Tier I Tier II Tier III

2007 -

2009

2010 -

2012

Instrument Technology Investments

Component Technology Investments

Information Systems Investments – Direct Applicability

Information Systems Investments – Secondary Applicability

planned aircraft testing planned balloon testing

(note: component and information systems investments may apply to more than one mission)

Upon publication of the Earth Science Decadal Survey in 2007, ESTO investments already supported all

18 of the recommended mission concepts. Since then, ESTO has awarded investment of over $300M

directly related to the Earth Science priorities outlined by the Decadal Survey.

Science Driven: Enabling the 2007 Earth Science Decadal Survey

Science Driven: Enabling Earth Science Measurements

IIP16 Investments

Ronald Lockwood, MIT/LL

Demonstrate the CCVIS design in a breadboard to

mature the technology. Quantify the scattered light

contamination in an imaging spectrometer for both e-

beam microlithographic and diamond machined gratings

Phil Ely, DRS Technology

Demonstrate an Eight Band Radiometric Imager utilizing low cost, uncooled

Focal Plane Array for Earth Science applications. Utilize a Piezo Backscan

stage to image stabilize and allow for multi-frame stacking. Use of DRS

patented TCOMP to provide radiometirc accuracy (<2% error).

Tomasz Tkaczyk, Rice University

Develop a low-resource highly-capable tunable hyspectral

imager for a range of Earth observations. Technologies

include innovative fiber optic light-guide, snapshot imaging

and tunability for specific line selection for spatial/spectral

pixel distribution.

9. Quadd Chart

21

NASA Instrument Incubator Program Chrisp Compact VNIR/SWIR Imaging Spectrometer (CCVIS)

Milestone Schedule: • Finalize CCVIS design – 1st quarter, yr 1

• Complete breadboard – 4th quarter, yr 1

• Manufacture ebeam lithography grating – 4th

quarter, yr 1

• Complete performance evaluation – 2nd quarter,

yr 2

• Quantify scattered light performance – 2nd

quarter, yr 2

Entry TRL: 2

Proposed Approach: • Breadboard implementation of recent advances in

optical design of a new imaging spectrometer form and to demonstrate the large reduction in SWaP and performance comparable to current designs

• Electron beam microlithographic optical elements are developed to minimize light scatter and optimize optical throughput

• Demonstrate breadboard design and quantify performance of the imaging spectrometer

Partners: none

Objectives: • Demonstrate the CCVIS design in a breadboard to

mature the technology

• Demonstrate that the CCVIS supports the NASA

Earth Science Division requirements to maintain or

improve performance, while reducing SWaP and

buying down risk

• Quantify the scattered light contamination in an

imaging spectrometer for both ebeam

microlithographic and diamond machined gratings

Chrisp Compact VNIR/SWIR Imaging Spectrometer

Catadioptric

lens

Immersion grating

Slit

FPA and

order-sorting

filter

7 cm

7.6 cm

CSIM (Compact Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor)

• IIP-13 goal: Achieve flight-qualified instrument ready by early

2017

• Compact (6U size) solar spectral irradiance monitor that is a cost-

effective and low risk alternative instrument

• Benefits from SORCE SIM and TSIS SIM heritage, design

knowledge, and technology advancements

• 6U envelope includes the CSIM Sensor and ALL control

electronics along with the S/C bus

SLI-T 15 Advanced Technology

Paula Wamsley, Ball Aerospace

Mature Ball CHPS small form factor VSWIR imaging

spectrometer for SLI Demo mission. Advance TRL

through airborne demonstration validating low

instrument stray light

NNH15ZDA001N-SLIT

A12583 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. Proprietary Information 21

Use or disclosure of the information contained in this proposal is subject to the restrictions on page i of this proposal.

1.8. Quad Chart

Stephanie Sandor-Leahy, Northrop Grumman

Develop next-generation compact SLI instrument based on

NGAS photonic waveguides

Reduce instrument volume by x25, mass by x7 compared to

current multispectral approach

NNH15ZDA001N

Northrop Grumman Private/Proprietary Level I 1-1 16-75987

Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal.

1. SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL/MANAGEMENT

Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems understands SLI requirements and the need to evolve

the mission to achieve a sustained land imaging capability for the future. Our innovative

approach preserves critical data continuity while adding the power of hyperspectral imaging

in a small and affordable instrument.

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY

We propose a highly integrated photonic SLI instrument manufactured using established

semiconductor fabrication processes to provide a new hyperspectral land imaging capability.

For more than 40 years the Landsat program has provided the Earth science community with

highly accurate global multispectral imagery (MSI) to monitor our planet and its ecosystems. In

that time, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged and demonstrated new analysis techniques

and data products through the measurement of image scenes at high spectral resolution (see

Section 1.2) [1]. Through our work on the Sustainable Land Imaging (SLI) Reduced Instrument

Envelope Study and the ESTO Novel Concepts for SLI Study, Northrop Grumman Aerospace

Systems (NGAS) has demonstrated a thorough understanding of SLI mission, instrument and

calibration requirements, and we have shown that a versatile HSI sensor can meet SLI instrument

goals while maintaining continuity with traditional Landsat data products [2], [3].

Under the Advanced Technology Demonstrations program, NGAS proposes to address SLI

requirements through a new photonic approach to land imaging that provides the benefits of HSI

in a small, versatile, scalable package while maintaining critical continuity with traditional

Landsat data and products. Our Hyperspectral Array Waveguide Camera (HAWC)1 combines

wavelength selection and optical detection in an integrated package yielding substantial mass and

volume reductions over standard spectrometers. Compared to the current MSI approach we

estimate a total instrument mass and volume reduction of ~7x and ~25x respectively (see Section

1.1.4). Another benefit of lithographically patterned photonic waveguides fabricated at wafer

scales is that ultimately these devices can be rapidly and inexpensively reproduced in large

quantities. Photonic lightwave circuits (PLCs) are arrayed efficiently in multiple dimensions to

generate perfectly co-registered, spectrally resolved imagery over large ground swaths

(Figure 1). We have separately addressed the crucial data continuity aspect of the SLI mission.

1 NGAS HAWC is not related to the HAWC+ instrument that is part of the SOFIA airborne astronomy observatory.

Figure 1. HAWC and Representative Telescope

Scene Image

Micro-Lens Array

Scene Photons

HAWC

23

S J Ben Yoo, UC Davis

Design, fabrication and testing of an electro-optical (EO)

imaging sensor concept that provides a low mass, low

volume alternative to the traditional bulky optical telescope

and focal plane detector array

CubeSat Form-factor Instruments for JPSS Gap Filler

PRISM

WF Optics

Microwave

UClass Sat. approach

CIRAS

(Pagano)

Infrared

sounder

TEMPEST-D

(Reising)

MW Sounder

SWIS

(Mouroulis)

VSWIR

HotBird

Detectors

Current Approach

VIIRS

CrIS

ATMS

Technology Investments

Radar

ESTO Technology Payloads Validated on U-Class Spacecraft

Support for U-Class Satellite Development

13

Imaging technology enabling

atmospheric chemistry and pollution

transport science from GEO

GRIFEX Launched VAFB: Jan. 31, 2015

ROIC Technology for GEO-CAPE

Autonomous science product

generation and near real-time product

delivery technologies

IPEX Launched VAFB: Dec. 5, 2013

Autonomy Technology for HyspIRI

On-board instrument signal

processing technology to support

aerosol and climate science

M-Cubed/COVE-2 Launched VAFB: Dec. 5, 2013

Polarimetry Processing for ACE July 2015

U-Class Satellites Advancing TRLs for Future Earth Science Measurements

ESTO InVEST 2012 Program

IceCube GSFC

Launch: March 2017

883 GHz submm-Wave

radiometer

Validate sub-mm

radiometer for spaceborne

cloud ice remote sensing

HARP UMBC

Launch: *June 2017

Wide FOV Rainbow

Polarimeter

Demonstrate 2-4 km wide

FOV hyperangular

polarimeter for cloud &

aerosol characterization

LMPC The Aerospace Corporation

Launch: TBD

Photon Counting

InfraRed Detector

Demonstrate linear mode

single photon detector at 1,

1.5, and 2 microns in space

environment

MiRaTA MIT / MIT-LL

Launch: July 2017

3 Frequency Radiometer and

GPSRO

Validate new microwave

radiometer and GPSRO

technology for all-weather

sounding

RAVAN APL

Launched: Nov 2016

Vertically Aligned Carbon

Nanotubes (VACNTs)

Demonstrate VACNTs as

radiometer absorbing material

and calibration standard for

total outgoing radiation

ESTO Technology Developments for Future Earth Science Measurements

U-Class Candidate Development Satellites

TEMPEST-D Colorado State University

Launch: March 2018

5 Frequency mm-Wave

Radiometer

Technology demonstrator

measuring the transition of clouds

to precipitation

RainCube Jet Propulsion Lab Launch: March 2018

CubeRRT Ohio State University Launch: March 2018

ESTO InVEST 2015 Program Venture Tech

CIRiS Ball Aerospace Launch: March 2018

CIRAS Jet Propulsion Lab

Launch: June 2018

Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Demonstrate ability to measure spectrum of upwelling infrared radiation and validate 2D infrared detector material, a micro pulse tube cryocooler, and a grating spectrometer

Precipitation Radar Validate a new

architecture for Ka-

band radars on

CubeSat platform and

an ultra-compact

deployable Ka-band antenna

Radiometer RFI Demonstrate

wideband RFI mitigating

backend technologies vital

for future space-borne microwave radiometers

Infrared Radiometer Validate an uncooled imaging infrared (7.5 um to 13 um) radiometer designed for high radiometric performance from LEO

CYGNSS

• Objective: Improve extreme weather prediction

• Configuration: 8 smallsats on a single launch

• Data Communications: Universal Space Network

– Visibility: 470-500 seconds per pass

– Ground Station Passes: 6-7 per day per satellite

• Hawaii, Chile, Australia

– Max Observation Latency: 3 days

– Data Volume: 95.2 MB/(2-day interval)

CYGNSS microsatellite

observatories in orbit. Image credit

Southwest Research Institute

Technology Flight Validation and Mission Infusion

17

• A vast majority of ESTO

technologies are infused into new

science observation areas

• Many of the ESTO InVEST flight

technologies, once proven, may

form the basis of future science

measurements through deployment

of large constellation missions

• Capabilities developed under the

ESTO InVEST MiRaTA technology

flight validation project, for example,

will help enable the Time Resolved

Observations of Precipitation

Structure and Storm Intensity

(TROPICS) constellation mission

July 2016

TROPICS – NASA EVI-3 Award (March 10, 2016)

PI: Bill Blackwell, MIT Lincoln Labs

12 satellite constellation for Time Resolved Observations of

Precipitation Structure and Storm Intensity

18

Top: Artist’s depiction of ChemCam;

Middle: Composite image of the first laser firing by

ChemCam on Mars

Bottom: ChemCam mast unit being prepared for laser tests.

Features of RTIMS

• Radiation shielding at the component level

• Patented Self-scrubbing and radiation event detection

system

• Triple-redundant digital memory

• In-flight reconfigurability

• Weighs less than two ounces

• Stacking technique saves 80% in volume

(single RTIMS module is 42.7 x 42.7 x 13.0mm)

RTIMS was developed under AIST-02 to support Earth

observing missions at geostationary and low-Earth orbit

through radiation-tolerant on-board data processing that

could handle the growing demand for increasing

resolution, quality, and quantity of data.

The Radiation Tolerant Intelligent Memory Stack

(RTIMS) is an integral component of Curiosity’s

Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument

which successfully fired its laser on Mars for the

first time on August 19 to study a small rock named

Coronation.

As part of ChemCam, RTIMS is controlling the firing

of the laser, data acquisition, data buffering, and

communication with the Rover Computer Element.

Above: the

unique stacking

technology for

RTIMS

Research on Mars Enabled by Memory Module

Looking Ahead

• Smaller, less resource-intensive instrumentation

• High-resolution optical and infrared sensors

• Next-generation Lidar and Radar

• Formation flying

• Nano-satellites / CubeSats

• Fractionated spacecraft / Distributed architecture

• Autonomous operations

• High-resolution ensemble models

• Rapid, error-free data transfer

Earth Science Vision 2030:

BACK UP

3

($M) FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22

Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

ROSES Solicitations

ATI/ACT & InVEST

Solicitation NRA Release

ACT-17 InVEST-18 ACT-20 InVEST-21

Budget 18.1 18.8 17.7 17.1 18.8 19.1 19.6

IIP Solicitation

NRA Release

IIP-16 IIP-19 IIP-22

Budget 28.3 28.6 28.6 28.6 29.5 29.9 30.7

AIST Solicitation

NRA Release

AIST-16 AIST-18 AIST-20 AIST-22

Budget 14.3 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.5 14.7 15.1

In-Guide Totals ($M) 60.7 61.4 60.4 59.7 62.7 63.7 65.3

Technology Program In-guide Budget/Schedule

3

Total ESD Budget ($M) 1,876 1,975 1,930 1,940 1,961 1,986 2,038

% of ESD Budget 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2%